PHILIPINE POLITICS AND

GOVERNANCE
Politics, Governance and
Government
Learner’s Module in Philippine Politics and
Governance
First Quarter Week I

SALOME P. CADLEY – FANGKINGAN

Developer
Department of Education. Cordillera Administrative Region
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAR
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Published by:
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE 2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum through
the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource Management and
Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and
the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an
edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all
original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be
derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

i
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly the

Learning Resource Management and Development Unit, Department of Education,
Schools Division of CAR which is in response to the implementation of the K to 12
Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education- CID, Schools

Division of CAR. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in Philippine
Politics and Governance.

Date of Development : August 2020

Resource Location : CAR-LRMS

Learning Area : Philippine Politics and Governance

Grade Level : 11

Learning Resource Type : Module

Language : English

Quarter/Week : Q1/W1

Learning Competency/Code : Explain the concept, relationship and importance of

politics, governance and government

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer is grateful to the support of the following which made possible the
creation of this work:

To the Social Sciences Department of Sto. Tomas National High School for the
inspiring words;

The STNHS Learning Resource Development Management for providing guidelines

and guiding me in the completion of this work;
Dr. Marina Tabangcura, EPS – Social Sciences, for all the encouragement and the
suggestions for the improvement of this module;
Her family for the unwavering support;

The STNHS admin and faculty, who provided all the needed support from the
inception of this module, up to its edition until it was submitted for quality assurance;

Above all, to our Supreme Being for always providing her the wisdom that she needs
as she journey the road of life.

School Learning Resources Management Committee

Danilo P. Gayao School Principal
Edgar Soriano Head Teacher
Marisa G. Dacpano School LR Coordinator

Quality Assurance Team

Marina D. Tabangcura EPS – Araling Panlipunan
Julia L. Ladiong PSDS – District 5
Learning Resource Management Section Staff
Loida C. Mangangey EPS – LRMDS
Victor A. Fernandez Education Program Specialist II - LRMDS
Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS
Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II
Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I

CONSULTANTS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID

SORAYA T. FACULO, PhD

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Copyright Notice -----------------------------------------------------------------------i

Preface -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
Acknowledgement --------------------------------------------------------------------iii
Table of Contents ---------------------------------------------------------------------iv
Title Page--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
What I Need To Know? ------------------------------------------------------------- 2
What I Know? ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Lesson Proper ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
What’s In? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
What’s New? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
What’s In It? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
What’s More:
Activity 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
Activity 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Assessment I-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
Assessment 2------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
What I have Learned---------------------------------------------------------------- 16
What I can Do------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Post-Assessment -------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
Additional Activity I ------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
Additional Activity 2------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Key Answer ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
References ------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- 2

iv
POLITICS, GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT
Learner’s Module in Philippine Politics and Governance
First Quarter Week 1

SALOME P. CADLEY – FANGKINGAN

Developer

1
 What I Need to Know
This module is designed for you to master the concept of Politics, government
and Governance specifically in order that you will be able to explain the concepts
and relationship between the terms and provide for their importance.
The module is divided into subtopics to help you understand better.

In using the module, your utmost concentration is required in order that you
will be able to grasp the concepts. You find a place where you are most comfortable
because the module entails in – depth reading. When you concentrate, a lot of bright
ideas pop in your mind as you go through the module. Real scenario in the country
and cases decided by the Supreme Court are provided for you as an elaboration.
You can also browse the references at the end of this module for further
understanding.

While going through the module you are expected to attain the learning
objectives:

1. Define politics, governance and government

2. Relate politics, governance and government
3. Discuss the importance of politics, governance and government

2
 What I Know
Instruction: Answer the questions in order to gauge your knowledge about the topic.
Read and analyze the questions then choose the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer. Write your answers on the blank provided before each number.

___ 1. It is the study of the affairs of the polis (city- state).

a. Governance b. Government
c. Politics d. Philosophy

___ 2. It is the art of administering the state to satisfy the needs of every
member of the constituent.
a. Governance b. Government
c. Politics d. Philosophy

___ 3. It is the agency or instrumentality through which the State is

formulated, expressed and realized.
a. Governance b. Government
c. Politics d. Philosophy

___ 4. It is the agreement of people in a class or group that characterizes the

balancing of interests.
a. Compromise b. Consensus
c. Power d. Public affair

___ 5. It refers to the ability to get things done according to or to achieve

desired outcomes through various means.
a. Compromise b. Consensus
c. Power d. Public affair

___ 6. It deals with the study of power in society, politics, and government.
a. Governance b. Governance
c. Politics d. Political Science

___ 7. Fixing the legal relations between husband and wife is a _________
function of the government.
a. constituent b. ministrant
c. parens patria d. real

___ 8. When the government through the Department of Trade and Industry
regulates the price of cactuses and ornamentals, it is performing its
_________ function.
a. constituent b. ministrant
c. parens patria d. real

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 9. Which of the following is a form of political participation?
a. washing the dishes b. use of the tiktok app
c. online selling d. campaign volunteering

___ 10. Which of the following statement is true?

a. Politics deals with power in society, governance deals with power
in government.
b. Knowledge of politics and governance is not a critical attribute.
c. The government and politics are differing concepts and are not
related.
d. Only government officials are to study politics and governance.

___ 11. The school principal, staff, and the teacher had a meeting in order to
arrive at the best decision regarding the online classes. This is more
related to which concept?
a. Government b. Governance
c. Politics d. Philosophy

___ 12. The students organized themselves and had a rally regarding the
tuition fee increase. This is related to_______.
a. Government b. Governance
c. Politics d. Philosophy

___ 13. Is there a need to have knowledge of politics, governance and

government?
a. No, it is only for politicians.
b. No, it does not help us as individuals.
c. Yes, it is a requirement.
d. Yes, it through knowledge of the three that we participate and
decide for the good of our society.

___ 14. How is politics related to government?

a. They are not related.
b. Government is the practice of politics.
c. Government is broader than politics.
d. Politics is the theory, art and practice of government.

___ 15. What is the relationship between the government and governance?
a. Government is how we feel about the process of governance.
b. Governance is also the same as government.
c. Governance is based on the realization that the government cannot
do everything for the people and has to rely on other sectors of
society.
d. There is no relationship between the two.

4
 What’s In?
When you were in grade 10, you learned about the current trends and issues
in our society or in the country. You were asked by your teachers to participate
during class discussions through giving your opinion on those matters. You may
have also been asked to create poems and essays and do a debate about the issues
in our society.

Being a good student, a child and a good citizen of the country, you became a
keen observer of all the situations taking place, expected and unexpected. Among
the things that you may have observed with your friends and your family are:

First, before the elections on the second week of May, politicians go around
and knock at your doors to distribute pamphlets where their names and the positions
they are running for are written. You also observed that some belong to a political
party while others are independent candidates. During the campaign period,
candidates may have a debate which can be watched or aired over the radio. At the
election day, people go out to vote for their bet who will lead the society.

Second, that after taking their oath of office, the winning candidates start to do
their functions which is in accordance with the Constitution. They will become the
machinery of implementing the laws, keeping order and providing protection of
person and property from violence and robbery. They conduct planning, meeting,
researches, studies and ask political advisers about matters in order to become their
guide in decision – making.

Everyday, whether you like it or not, you are affected by the decisions that our
leaders make. They may have done the correct or wrong decision. As an example,
you are not allowed to go out of your houses due to this pandemic, there will be no
face to face classes unless a vaccine is discovered, wearing of face shield became
mandatory and a lot more.

These bring us to the concepts of Politics, governance and government. As a

citizen, your knowledge of the political system is essential for successful political
involvement which will in turn teach you to participate in public affairs.

5
 What’s New?

Below are downloaded pictures. The pair of pictures are related. Find letters on the
box to form the appropriate words that you think best depicts the pictures.

A.

P A L S S T E ANSWER:
Y O V I H I C

B.

N G R E S T E ANSWER:
V O V I N M C

C.

N O T E N T C ANSWER:
G A V R H N K

Are the three words related? Explain

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

6
 What’s in it?

Political Science deals with the study of power in society, politics and
government. Because of the continuously evolving and dynamic character of
humans composing the society, many concepts, theories, definitions and views
about politics, governance and government were coined.

THE CONCEPT OF POLITICS, GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT

I. POLITICS
The word ‘politics’ is derived from polis, meaning literally ‘city-state’. Ancient
Greek society was divided into a collection of independent city-states, each of which
possessed its own system of government. The largest and most influential of these
city-states was Athens, often portrayed as the cradle of democratic government. In
this light, politics can be understood to refer to the affairs of the polis – in effect,
‘what concerns the polis’. This view of politics is clearly evident in the everyday use
of the term: people are said to be ‘in politics’ when they hold public office, or to be
‘entering politics’ when they seek to do so. It is also a definition that academic
political science has helped to perpetuate.
It is defined as the science of government and the art on practice of
administering public affairs and making government policies.
It is primarily concerned with the association of human beings into body politics or in
a political party. It deals with those relations among men and groups which are
subject to control by the state with the relations of men and groups to the state itself
and the relation of the state to other states.

Politics is at the heart of all collective social activity, formal and informal,
public and private, in all human groups, institutions and societies. In this sense,
politics takes place at every level of social interaction; it can be found within families
and amongst small groups of friends just as much as amongst nations and on the
global stage.
Great Aristotle defined t as the most sovereign and inclusive association.

With the definitions, the varying outlooks of politics may be studied in the
following thoughts:
1. Politics a s Consensus means agreement of the people in a class that
consensus characterizes the balancing of interests in order to advance a
and collective purpose to promote their welfare.
compromise Compromise exists when two or more opposing parties
agree to bend their self- interests in favor of a common goal. A
party is not only a receiver but also a giver.
2. Politics as a Politics takes place within a polity, a system of socialized
society organization operated through dissimilar yet formal machineries
of the government.

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 3. Politics as
Power is the ability to get things done accordingly or to achieve
power and desired outcomes through various means like influence,
the authority, coercion, or other use of force or intimidation.
distribution
It is formally distributed among the major branches of the
of power government.
4. Politics as a
Politics is a public activity where people may directly and
public affair
continuously participate in the political life within the realm of
formal institutions or structures of the state and other various
channels.
5. Politics as It involves the control within the society though the making and
an art of enforcement of collective decisions. Th understanding of politics
Government then implies the study of who exercises power and authority in
the government, and how powers are distributed in a state.
2.GOVERNANCE

The word “governance” came from the Latin verb “gubernare,” or more
originally from the Greek word “kubernaein,” which means “to steer.” Basing on its
etymology, governance refers to the manner of steering or governing, or of directing
and controlling, a group of people or a state.

It is the art of administering the state to satisfy the needs of every member of
the constituent by allocating the resources of the state and formulating policies to
regulate and maintain the equilibrium in the society.

Good governance creates a strong future for an organization by continuously

steering towards a vision and making sure that day-to-day management is always
lined up with the organization’s goals. At its core, governance is about leadership.

THREE LEGS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

A. Economic governance
- includes decision-making processes that affect a country's economic
activities and its relationships with other economies. It clearly has major implications
for equity, poverty and quality of life.

Example:
The NEDA-led Task Group on Recovery is leading the formulation and monitoring of
the government’s action towards recovery dubbed as the Recharge PH program.
Recharge PH seeks to refocus, sharpen the design and accelerate the
implementation of programs under the 2020 General Appropriations to mitigate the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and help get the Philippine economy recover from
the sharp decline in the second quarter of the year. Recharge PH builds on the work
of the IATF Technical Working Group for Anticipatory and Forward Planning, also led
by NEDA, which produced the We Recover as One report containing the initial
assessment of the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19. The report was submitted to
the IATF in May 2020.

8
B. Political governance
- the process of decision-making to formulate policy.
C. Administrative governance
- the system of policy implementation.

Good governance is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable,

transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive and follows
the rule of law. It assures that corruption is minimized, the views of minorities are
taken into account and that the voices of the most vulnerable in society are heard in
decision-making. It is also responsive to the present and future needs of society.
Much is always provided in books about governance but these characteristics seem
to remain a dream up to this day.
1. Participation
Participation by both men and women is a key cornerstone of good
governance All men and women should have a voice in decision-making, either
directly or through legitimate intermediate institutions that represent their interests.
Such broad participation is built on freedom of association and speech, as well as
capacities to participate constructively. Participation could be either direct or through
legitimate intermediate institutions or representatives.
2. Rule of law
Legal frameworks should be fair and enforced impartially, particularly the laws
on human rights. Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced
impartially. It also requires full protection of human rights, particularly those of
minorities.
3.Transparency
Transparency is built on the free flow of information. Processes, institutions
and information are directly accessible to those concerned with them, and enough
information is provided to understand and monitor them. Transparency means that
decisions taken and their enforcement are done in a manner that follows rules and
regulations. It also means that information is freely available and directly accessible
to those who will be affected by such decisions and their enforcement.
4. Responsiveness
Institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders. Good governance
requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a
reasonable timeframe.
5. Consensus oriented
Good governance mediates differing interests to reach a broad consensus on
what is in the best interests of the group and, where possible, on policies and
procedures.
6.Equity and inclusiveness
All men and women have opportunities to improve or maintain their well-being. A
society’s well- being depends on ensuring that all its members feel that they have a
stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of society.
7.Effectiveness and efficiency
Good governance means that processes and institutions produce results that
meet the needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal. It

9
covers the sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of the
environment.
8.Accountability
Accountability is imperative to make public officials answerable for
government behavior and responsive to the entity from which they derive their
authority. Decision-makers in government, the private sector and civil society
organizations are accountable to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders.
Accountability is a key requirement of good governance. Not only governmental
institutions but also the private sector and civil society organizations must be
accountable to the public and to their institutional stakeholders.
3. GOVERNMENT
It is the agency or instrumentality through which the State is formulated,
expressed and realized. The Philippine Constitution requires our government to be
democratic and republican. The mandate of the government is to promote the
welfare of the people. The Philippine government is composed of three branches
namely; Executive, Legislative and Judiciary.
FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT
A. Constituent functions
1. The keeping of order and providing for the protection of person and property
from violence and robbery;
2. The fixing of the legal relations between husband and wife and between
parents and children;
3. The regulation of the holding, transmission and interchange of property;
4. The determination of contractual rights between individuals;
5. The definition and punishment of crimes;
6. Administration of justice
Examples:
 All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of cases before
all judicial bodies as provided by the Constitution, Bill of Rights.
 The Family Code of the Philippines states that property relations
between husband and wife is absolute community meaning both will
own all the properties that each of them brought into the marriage.
B. Ministrant Functions
Ministrant functions are those that are undertaken to advance the general
interests of society, such as public works, public charity, and regulation of trade and
industry.

Example:
The Philippine Lung Center of The Philippines is a charitable institution and is
therefore exempt from tax .A charitable institution does not lose its character as
such and its exemption from taxes simply because it derives income from paying
patients, so long as the money received is devoted or used altogether to the
charitable object which it is intended to achieve; and no money inures to the private
benefit of the persons managing or operating the institution. (PLC versus Quezon
City)

10
Doctrine of Parens Patriae
One of the most important tasks of the government is to act for the State as
the guardian of the rights of the people.

Illustrative case:
Contributions were collected during the Spanish regime for the relief of
victims of an earthquake but part of the money was never distributed and was
instead deposited in a bank. The Government of the Philippines filed a case to
recover the money. The Supreme court said that the government has the right to file
the case for the state as parens patriae to represent the claimants. (Government of
the Philippines versus Monte de Peidad)

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICS, GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT

The government and politics are differing concepts, but these two subjects are
related in terms of the influence to lead and allocate the nation’s reserves. Their
difference lies in the individuals involved, extent of eminence, ruling, and
mechanism. Government electorates or appointees may get ensnared in politics one
way or another. They may also be part of a political party who helped them acquire
or keep hold of a spot in the office. Lobbying parties or allies may rebel against or
engage with the régime to realize a joint vision. An official of the government can
equally be a part of the administrative group and be connected in undertakings of
political intentions.

Governance is essentially related to politics, in that politics is often defined as

the art of governance. Just as politics talks about governments, institutions, power,
order, and the ideals of justice, governance also deals with the public sector, power
structures, equity, and ideals of public administration. Nevertheless, they are distinct
from each other in the sense that politics is broader than governance.

Politics is how we feel about that process of governance. Governance

transcends government to encompass the business sector and the civil society.

Politics is broader than governance. To study of politics is in essence to

study government or more broadly, to study the exercise of authority. Governance is
based on the realization that the government cannot do everything for the people, so
that in order to survive the state should not only rely on government but also on the
other sectors of the society.

To study politics is in essence to study government since politics is

considered an art of government in terms of the conduct and management of public
affairs, resolution of conflicts, production, distribution and use of resources for
welfare provisions in a society. Politics is what takes place within a society. It is
played and swayed in executive bureaucracies and legislative houses. It engages
specific groups of politicians, public employees and pressure groups.
Indeed, the knowledge of politics and governance is a crucial attribute that
we as a person belonging to a community or society must possess. As a citizen of a

11
state, it is critical that we are participate in governance, in the decision – making of
our leaders. It is important that we let authorities hear our cries or sentiments and
that they listen to our suggestions. It is necessary that we practice our right to vote
for who we think will be our good leaders to practice good governance. All of these,
is for the betterment of our society.
What’s More?
Activity I: Loop the Words Related to Me….

On the box are words which are related to politics, governance and
government written either diagonally, vertically or horizontally. Encircle the words
then write them on the appropriate column.

accountability administer agency association

campaign collective constituent directing

election leadership ministrant parens patriae

polis state transparency

y I y u p i h s r e d a e l p d w a
c a t y a k b w u m x s q e a f c b
o p e a s s c   h p a a r s r y n c
l p c h c a f e g o z z t d e i s d
l l i w z c s r f l q a n a n k t t
e e m e c q o p d i s c b w s j i r
c m u I x n f u e s j n v r p h t a
t a j a n y g l n l k g d q a t u n
i n a d m i n i s t e r f p t y e s
v a s w t y s u a f a d c v r p n p
e x a s d t e t r p y b p o i k t a
g t h f a e w q r y m r i h a h j r
r t p t c o l w t a t a y l e n h e
c a e e k e v u y r n a c v i n g n
a d r w a s s o c i a t i o n t f c
b v c t e w i g d m e e M t i m y y
d a g e n c y s d i r e C t i n g e

POLITICS GOVERNMENT GOVERNANCE

1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.

12
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.
ACTIVITY 2. Organize Me

A. Use a graphic organizer to discuss the concept of politics, governance and

government. Include the definition/ description of each.

13
ASSESSMENT I: Tell Me: Politics, Governance or Government?

Instruction: Analyze each situation in the box then identify whether it is more related
to politics, governance, or government. Use the following representations:

POLITICS = GOVERNANCE = GOVERNMENT =

ANSWER NO. SITUATION

1. The Department of Public Works and Highways started the
construction of buildings and roads under the Build, Build,
Build Program.

2. The National elections in the Philippines is on the Second

week of May as provided by the Constitution.

3. The city mayor decided to increase police force to be

deployed in barangays which are under lock down.

4. The Liberal party held a campaign rally prior to the date of

election.

5. The Philippines is a republican and democratic country.

6. The Summer Capital is officially into digital governance

and no-contact transactions after the Mayor and the
president of one company inked a pact, ushering in a
multipurpose smart phone app and web portal that would
make entering into government transactions as easy as a
touch of a finger.

7. Legislative, Executive and the Judiciary branch exercise

certain powers.

8. After series of studies, the use of the face shield was

imposed to add to the safety measures to curb the
transmission of the coronavirus disease in the country
effective on August 15, 2020.

9. The judiciary as an instrumentality, chose the mother of a

child as against his uncle to be the trustee of the insurance
proceeds left by his father.

10. The G11 -HUMMS students elected their class officers by

ballot.

14
ASSESSMENT 2: RELATE THEM:

Now let you can give the relationship between Politics, Governance and
Government.

A. TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.

_______ 1. Governance is broader than politics.

_______ 2. Governance transcends government to encompass the business
sector and the civil society.
_______ 3. To study politics is to study government since politics is
considered an art of government in terms of the conduct of public
affairs.
_______ 4. Government and governance are exactly the same terms.
_______ 5. Government and politics are related in terms of the influence to
lead and allocate the nations reserves.

B. If you are to relate the three terms (Politics, Governance and Government) using
the three circles with different sizes. Which circle would represent each concept?
Write the concept in the appropriate circle and try to make your circle colorful by
using the color codes:

POLITICS= RED GOVERNANCE = GREEN GOVERNMENT = YELLOW

C. Look at how you related the three concepts. In not more than four sentences,
explain why you colored such circles with yellow, red and green.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
15
____________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________
 What I Have Learned
You Complete Me..

Fill in the blanks to complete the thought of the paragraphs about Politics,
Governance and Government.

accountable administering collective community

constituent de jure Five governance
government ministrant organization parens patriae
participation politics power Three
transparency

The Greeks formulated the word _________________ during the 4 th and 5th
century which is derived from the word polis or a place shared by a certain group of
people. According to Aristotle, humans are not self – sufficing so the need to come
together to form a _________________. Politics may loosely mean a struggle for
________, control and influence. When viewed as an action, it exists when people
build an ____________________, or when they defend and modify the prevailing
rules of the society under which they live and prosper. It is a ________________
activity, involving people who accept a common membership or at least
acknowledge a shared fate.

The word ___________________ came from the Latin word gubernare, which
means to steer. It includes the art of _________________________ the state to
satisfy the needs of every member of the constituent by allocating resources of the
state. Good governance is needed in order for the success of a community.
_________________is built on the free flow of information. Processes, institutions
and information are directly accessible to those concerned with them, and enough
information is provided to understand and monitor them. Decision-makers in
government, the private sector and civil society organizations are
___________________ to the public, as well as to institutional stakeholders. Also,
_____________ by both men and women is a key cornerstone of good governance.
Everybody should have a voice in the decision making.

The _________________ is the agency or instrumentality through which the

state is formulated, expressed and realized. When the government keeps order and
provide for the protection of person and property, it is performing its _____________
function. __________________ functions are those that are undertaken to advance
the general interest of the society such as public works. The government also acts
for the state as the guardian of the rights of the people. This is known as the
_____________________ doctrine. There are ______ branches of the government
in the Philippines.

16
 What I can do

Making use of your robust imagination, answer the questions on the box.

Situation:

This School Year, face to face class is not possible unless

COVID -19 vaccine is available. At the start of the school year, during
the students’ online orientation, the Supreme Student Organization
(SSG) adviser announced that the aspiring candidates must form
their political parties and file their certificates of candidacy. You are
interested.

What will be the name of the party that you will organize? Why? How will you
campaign?
__________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Then the day of the election came. You won by one vote against your political
rival who happened to be your crush when you were in G10. As the winner, you were
formally inducted. Now, there is already a students’ government in your school.

How will you govern? What can you do for the success of the organization?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

17
 Post Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Select the letter corresponding to your answer then write it
on the blank before the number.

___ 1. It is the heart of all collective social activity, formal and informal, public
and private, in all human societies.
a. Governance b. Government
c. Politics d. Power

___ 2. It includes a system of policy implementation.

a. Administrative governance b. Economic governance
c. Political governance d. Supernatural governance

___ 3. It includes decision – making process that affects a country’s

economic activities.
a. Administrative governance b. Economic governance
c. Political governance d. Supernatural governance

___ 4. It exists when two or more opposing parties agree to bend their self –
interests in favor of a common goal.
a. compromise b. consensus
c. Power d. public affair

___ 5. The Revised Penal Code defines the crimes and provides for the
punishment thereof. This is a/an_______ function of the government.
a. administrative b. civil
c. constituent d. ministrant

___ 6. The Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) donated 14

ambulances to several local government units (LGUs) and
government agencies to help in the battle against coronavirus
disease (COVID-19). This is manifests the ______ function of the
government.
a. administrative b. civil
c. constituent d. ministrant

___ 7. Which is NOT an example of a constituent function of the

government?
a. administration of justice
b. regulation of holding and interchange of property
c. determination of contractual rights between individuals.
d. under taking public works

___ 8. What is the importance of good governance?

18
 a. It improves the organizations’ results, both financial and social.
b. It puts an organization at risk of commercial failure.
c. Good governance is not important.
d. It makes the organization lose sight of its purpose.

___ 9. Which statement is NOT true about politics?

a. Politics is a collective activity, involving people.
b. Politics presumes diversity of views.
c. Politics involves reconciling such differences through discussion.
d. Politics is not a public affair but is a private affair.

___ 10 Which does not describe politics?

. a. Politics is a consensus and compromise.
b. Politics does not involve power and does not distribute resources
c. Politics is a public affair.
d. Politics is an art of government.

___ 11 Every member of the society without any discrimination, men and
. women were given the chance to air his/her opinion. What
characteristic of good governance is manifested?
a. consensus- oriented b. efficiency
c. Participation d. transparency

___ 12 Good governance means that processes and institutions produce

. results that meet the needs of society while making the best use of
resources at their disposal. What characteristic is described?
a. consensus- oriented b. efficiency
c. Participation d. transparency

___ 13 The Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) for the Management of

. Emerging Infectious Diseases advocates the use of face shields,
citing data that it can reduce infection rate by 93 percent.
This is more of _____.
a. Governance b. order
c. Power d. politics

___ 14 Is there a relationship between the government and governance?

. a. Yes, government is how we fell about the process of governance.
b. Yes, governance is also the same as government.
c. Yes, governance is based on the realization that the government
cannot do everything for the people and has to rely on other sectors of
society.
d. There is no relationship between the two.

___ 15 What is the importance of having knowledge about politics and

. governance?
a. There is no importance for citizens, it is only for leaders.
b. With the knowledge of the concepts we can also be politicians.
c. With knowledge, we can participate in correct decision- making for
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 the improvement of our country.
d. If we have knowledge, we can help our parents.

Additional Activities

Activity I:

Instruction: Think of /copy a line/ stanza in a song/ poem or story that is related to
politics, governance and government. Explain why it is related to such concepts.
Write the line/ stanza on the first box, then your explanation on the second box.

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

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 ACTIVITY 2:
CONCEPT MAPPING. Complete the concept map with the correct word/s to show
what are asked:

A. The characteristics of good governance.

B. Thoughts on Politics

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 POLITICS
AS

ANSWER KEY

22
 23
What I Know Assessment 2
1 C 6 D 11 B A.
2 A 7 A 12 C 1 FALSE
3 B 8 B 13 D 2 TRUE
4 B 9 D 14 D 3 TRUE
5 C 10 A 15 C 4 FALSE
5 TRUE
What's More
Activity I B.
Outer circle - Politics- red
Politics Middle Circle- Governance-green
1 constituent Inner circle - Government - Yellow
2 ministrant C. Answers may vary
3 agency
4 paren patriae What I have Learned
5 state 1 politics
Government 2 community
1 administer 3 power
2 accountability 4 organization
3 leadership 5 collective
4 directing 6 governance
5 transparency 7 administering
Governnce 8 Transparency
1 polis 9 accountble
2 election 10 participation
3 collective 11 government
4 associatio n 12 constituent
5 campaign 13 ministrant
14 parens patriae
Activity 2 15 three
Answers may vary
What I can do
Assessment I ( answers vary)
1
2 Post Assessment
1 C
3 2 A
3 B
4 4 A
5 C
5 6 D
7 D
6 8 A
9 D
7 10 B
11 C
8 12 B
13 A
9 14 C
15 C
10
 24
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
5 4 3 2 SCORE
THOUGHT/ Inform ative Informativ contains The idea/
explanation e and thought is
containing contins only few
some unclear
com plete
IDEA details details details /vague
THOUGHT/ Logical good Little The es s ay is
pres entation presentation organization not
IDEA of ideas of ideas of ideas organized
Activity 2
A.
PARTICIPA-
TION
ACOUNTABILI-
TY RULE OF LAW
GOOD
EFFECTIVENESS GOVER-
AND
TRANSPA-
NANCE RENCY
EFFICIENCY
EQUITY AND RESPON-
INCLUSIVENESS SIVENESS
CONSENSUS
ORIENTED
B.
Politics as..
1. a consensus and compromise
2. a society
3.power and the distribution of power
4.a public aff air
5.an art of government
 REFERENCES

Cruz, Isagani A. 2002. Philippine Political Law.2002 Edition.Quezon City: Central

Lawbook Publishing Co., Inc.

Lazo, Ricardo S. 2013. Introduction to Political Science. Second Edition: Quezon

City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.

Noreen, Jazul. https://mb.com.ph/2020/08/16/face-mask-and-face-shield-dotr-dole-

dti-issue-memos-ordering-its-use-for-commuters-employees/.August 16, 2020

Pawilen, R. A, et.al.2017. Philippine Politics and Governance. First Edition: Quezon

City: Rex Printing Company, Inc.

http://www.ombudsman.gov.ph/UNDP4/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Module_I.pdf
Accessed August 17, 2020

https://www.google.com/search?q=philippine+government. Accessed August 18,

2020

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-government-definition-role-functions.html
What is Government? - Definition, Role & Functions. Accessed August 18, 2020

https://www.google.com/search?q=governance&tbm.Accesed August 25, 2020

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2020/04apr/2020030-EO-112-RRD.pdf

https://www.neda.gov.ph/.NEDA-LED TASK GROUP PREPARES ¨RECHARGE

PH¨, WHOLE-OF-SOCIETY APPROACH PARAMOUNT IN RECOVERY PLAN –
NEDA. August 08, 2020

https://lawphil.net/.Philippine Laws and Jurisprudence Databank. Accessed August

30, 2020

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