MOMIIITUM II MAIi iii MOff0/1 #A_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

All objects have mass; so if an object is moving, then it has momentum - It has Its mass in motion.

Momentum depends upon the variables {Y1 (amount of matter In an object) and
I( (the speed in a given direction). In terms of an eiuation, the momentum of an
object Is equal to the mass of the object time.; the velocity of the object.

Momentum = Jvt-, .r K vi'4c,1

In physi cs, the symbol for the quantity momentum Is the lower case letter 0 . The
momentum equation can be rewritten as t

_p......_ = th V

Momentum is a vector quantity. Momentum has both _ ..,.2..,..1...,.a:::;:.:,.9-,,

,,, -/'-'_t _c,,_ (amount)
and O,'cecf -r,,, .
Objects at rest do not have momentum - they do not have any "mass In motion." Both variables ·
mass and velocit y - are equally Important in comparing the momentum of two objects.

can you find the momentum of a.• . .• .

60-kg halfback moving eastward at 9 m/s.

1000-kg car moving northward at 20 m/s. )OOUJ IC 7 p( /71.1·-'t/ 4.-J

40-kg freshman moving southward at 2 m/s. lo ,el% 5d1.,,/4 '-(J,- "
12-Kg dog moving eastward at 5 m/s. t O K}Pf P f c/

What if a car 1,oue1se1 20 000 units of

momentum. What would be the car's qew
momentum if ...

its velocity were doubled. (Hint: If you double any part your answer would be double.) Yt;- "'1
its velocity weret rip le d . _ _ _ 6_0J _/(/o_k _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
r_7_J:_r
Its mass were doubled _ _ _
Y ,n ,, f,
v
""
....- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
, j
I-"v
both Its velocity were doubled and its mass were doubled. _tf_2i _,_#_i'f_l l'_,?....{I. _
11or1•• ou,m10,uor
The law of action-reaction (Newton's J 5 ,., Law) explains the nature of the forces
between the two colliding objects. Think of a collision between a moving seven-ball and an
elght..ball on a pool table. When the seven-ball collides with the eight-ball, each ball experiences
an tj1<,,./
force directed in 011711}1/ < directions.

Check Your Understanding

While driving down the road, Anna observed a bug striking the windshield of her car. The bug hit
the windshield and the windshield hit the bug.
Whidl of the two' 'fi)sgerater: the force on the bug or the force on the windshield? ·
e t.,(,,
Physics Guided Reading Sheet; Momentum
 Name. _
Complete the table below Date. _ Pd_
Force (N) Time (s) Im pulse (N*s)
- D . V (mis)
/j. P (kg*m/s) Mass (kg)

-ffvo o .... <to

0.010
<t-o -yo 10 -4

- Y-vu
- r
0.100 10
-40
0.010
-Jvo -200
50

20000
(/.(J/0 )._ �- - 1-8
)-/JO 200
200 1.00
J-uo ')._.(/0
50 't

Define impulse and momentum.

- Distinguish between force and momentum

Define conservation of momentum

Which has a greater momentum, a golf ball or a ping pong ball?

 v u u v ..... ....5 tv v UH -.,A a u 1p 1c Vl Lil t; LW U LY!Jt:::S or 0111s1o ns.
.,
l-!v; f ---9-- / J j?1,_t ,·lh (T ertoPpd
I 4-
j-. i\.,1(., 0J./ ,"1., - 9 / l.t .JI
e
1 ..f.ti ,"f, rf- k :-n, ,11/4.

A freight car with a mass of 3.0 x 105 k§ travels at a velocity of 2.5m5 / • It collid e s wit h a ·
s tati o nary car having a mass of 1.8 x 10 kg. The cars connect and roll together after the impact.
What is the velocity of the connected cars?
Pltr.
IIt

A block of mass S kg is moving with a velocity of9m ;s when it collides with an 8. kg mass
moving with a velocity of 5 m;s in the opposite direction. If the masses remain hooked together
after the coHision, what will their common velocity be?

Burr

ICP Fall
2005
Name:

Date:
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Block:
---
Momentum Pre Test
1) The product of anobject's mass and velocity is called its

A. inertia
m m.

D. force.

2) According to the law of conservation of momentum, when two

objects collide in the absence of friction,
 A. velocity decreases.
B. velocity increases.
C. momentum is not lost or gained.
D. momentum is gained.

3) The momentum of an object is in the same direction as its

A. force.
B. acceleration.
C. velocity.
D. inertia.

4) What is the formula for momentum?

A. p---mv
B. p=m'v
C. p=v/m
D. p=;m+v

5) Which of the following has the greatest momentum?

A. a dog sitting in the yard

8. a dump trucks ding downJhe highway
C. a bike rolling down a street
D. a boy walking to school
Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Class: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Date: _ _ _ _ ID: A

Physics Ch 6 Review

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
(3 l. The change in an object's momentum is equal to
a. the product of the mass of the object and the time interval.
b. the product of the force applied to the object and the time interval.
c. the time interval divided by the net ex'temal force.
d. the net external force divided by the time interval.
2. The impulse experienced by a body is equivalent to the body's change in
a. velocity. c. momentum.

f b. kinetic energy. d. force.

3. A large moving ball collides with a small stationary ball. The momentum

l a. of the large ball decreases, and the momentum of the small ball increases.
b. of the small ball decreases, and the momentum of the large ball increases.
c. of the large ball increases, and the momentum of the small ball decreases.
d. does not change for either ball.
4. Two skaters stand facing each other. One skater's mass is 60 kg, and the other's mass is 72 kg. If the skaters
push away from each other without spinning,
a. the 60 kg skater travels at a lower momentum.
b. their momenta are equal but opposite.
c. their total momentum doubles.
d. their total momentum decreases.
L 5. A swimmer with amass of75 kgdives off a raft with amass of 500 kg. If the swimmer's speed is 4
m/s iimnediately after leaving the raft, what is the speed of the raft?
a. 0.2 mis c. 0.6 mis

A b. 0.5 mis d. 4.0 m/s

6. Two objects move separately after colliding, and both the total momentum and total kinetic energy
remain constant. Identify the type of collision.
a. elastic c. inelastic
b. perfectly elastic d. perfectly inelastic
_Q 7. A 1.5 x 103 kg truck moving at 15 mis strikes a 7.5 x 102 kg automobile stopped at a traffic light. The vehicles
hook bumpers and skid together at 10.0 mis. What is the decrease m kinetic energy?
a. l. 1 x I 05J c. 1.7 x 105J
b. 1.2 x 104J d. 6.0 x 104J
8. A billiard ball collides with a second identical bali in anelastic head-on collision. What is the kinetic
energy of the system after the collision compared with the kmetic energy before the collision?
a. unchanged c. two times as great
b. one-fourth as great d. four ti.Ines as great
9. An object with a mass of 0.10 kg makes an elastic head-on collision with a stationary object with a mass of
0.15 kg. The final velocity of the 0.10 kg object after the collision is - 0.045 m/s and the final velocity of the
0.15 kg object after the collision is 0.16 mis. What was the initial velocity of the O.JO kg object?
a. 0.16.m/s c. 0.20m/s
t.. - 1. G6 m 's c -0.20 m's

l
Na m e : ID: A
-----------

A 10. During launch, a Space Shuttle continuously increases its velocity. How does this change in velocity affect
the shuttle's momentum?
a. momentum increases
b. momentum decreases
r('.t_ momentum remains the same

C.
-1.L_ 11. As a rocket bums fuel, its mass decreases. How does the loss in mass affect a rocket's momentwn?
a. momentum increases
b. momentum decreases
(2 C. mementum remains the same
---12.._ 12. Two identical vehicles are traveling together on a highway. Vehicle A has a lower velocity than vehicle B.
Compare the momentum of vehicle A to the momentum of vehicle B.
a. Vehicle A has a greater momentum
b. Vehicle B has a greater momentum
c. Both vehicles have the same momentum

_c d. Their momenta cannot be compared because velocity does not affect momentum
Tina and Marci are in a fierce debateover whether or not a small car and a large truck ofgreater mass can
have the same momentum. Tina says that they definitely cannot have the same momentum, and she asks
Marci to give one example of how the car's momentum can equal the tmck's momentum. Which of the
13. following responses can Marci cite?

I. The car and the truck will have the same momentum if their velocities are equal
TI. The car and the tmck will have the same momentum if their velocities are both zero.
III.The car and the truck will have the same momentum if the car is moving at a higher velocity than
the truck.
IV. The car and the truck will have the same momentum if the product of the car's mass and velocity
is equal to the product of the truck' s mass and velocity.

a. I and II
b. 11 and III
C. II and IV
d. III and IV
L 14. A fireworks rocket is fired into the air, and just before exploding, it is moving straight upward at 30 mis.
Just after exploding, the rocket is separated into two equal masses. One mass is moving straight upward at 40
mis. With what velocity is the second mass travelling?
a. Downwa rd at 20 mis
b. Downward at 40 mis
C. Upward at 20 m/s
d. Upward at 40 mis

C 15. An adult driving a bumper car travelling East collides head-on with a stationary bumper car with a small
child at the wheel. Assuming the collision is... :lastic, with what speed and direction will the adult's car
be
moving after the collision? ·
a. The adult will be travelling faster than he was before the collision, travelling East
b. The ad1ilt v1ill be travellingfaster t.11.an he , ;ras before the collision, travelling \ Test
c. The adult will be travelling slower than he was before the collisio, n travelling East
d. e adult will be travelling slower than he was before the collision, travelling West

2
 Name: ID: A
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J2 Roberto and his girlfriend Shianna are skating around town on their in-line skates. At one point, Roberto is
behind Shianna and is traveling faster and cannot stop. How will theirinclividual speeds change after Roberto
crashes into Shianna in an inelastic collision?
16.
a. Their speeds will both increase
b. Their speeds will bothdecrease
c. Roberto's speed will increase and Shianna's speed will decrease
d. Roberto's speed will decrease and Shianna's speed will increase

C
17. Of the following choices, which shows a conservation of momentum equation constmcted properly for a
system of two masses colliding inelastically?
a. l111V1 = lll1V1f + lll2V2f , V1r =/:. Vzr
b. m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1r + m2V2f ,

*
V2f
V1 f C,
= (m1 + m2)Vf
Ill1V1 + ffi2V2

Jl
d. m1v1 + m2v2 =(m1 +m2)(v1r +V2f)
18. A grenade sits motionless on a tree stump and then explodes. Its peices, which have different masses, move
away from the tree stump in all directions and at very high velocities. The statements below compare the
grenade before the explosion to all of the moving peices just after the explosion. Select the statement that is
true.
a. The momentum of the grenade is less than the smn of the momenta of all the peices.
b. The momentum of the grenade is equal to the sum of the momenta of its peices.
c. All of the peices move away from the stump at the same speed.
C d. The velocity of the grenade is less than the sum of the velocities of its peices.
19. When a baseball is hit, it undergoes a change in momentum of70 kg·m/s and is in contact with the baseball
bat for O.10 seconds. What force has been applied to the ball?
a. 7N
b. 70N
C. 700N
d. 7000N
20.
Some performers train themselves to enact awesome feats of strength and skill. One amazing feat is to break
through 10 vertically-stacked cement blocks ,,rith only the force of the performer's forehead. How can a
light-weightcloth laid down on the top brick protect the performer from breaking her head along with the
blocks?
a. The cloth will increase the tin1e the performer's head is in contact with the brick,
which slightly decreases the applied force.
b. The cloth will increase the timethe performer's head is in contact with the brick,
which decreases the change in momentum.
c. The cloth will decrease the tin1e the performer's head is in contact with the brick, which
slightly decreases the applied force.

C d. The cloth will decrease the time the performer's head is in contact with the brick,
which decreases the change in momentum.
21. Dwayne and Stewart have challenged eachother to see who can send a football the farthest distance. Dwayne
will throw the football, and Stewart will kick the football. Dwayne applies a throwing force of 12.5 N to the
footbaIJ over a time period of O.80 seconds and Stewart applies a kicking force of 50 N over a O.20 second
tin1e period. Who applies a larger change in momentwn to the football?
a. Dwayne
b. Stewart
c. Neither of hem: they apply an equaJ change in momentum

3
Name: ID:A

B_ 22. A truck with a mass of 4000 kg and a 1000 kg car are traveling together with the same velocity when
their drivers notice the traffic light ahead turn yellow. ff they both apply the same breaking force and
come to a stop, how will the stopping times of the two vehicles compare?
a. The truck will stop in the same amount of time as the car
b. The truck will take 4 times longer to stop than the car
c. The trnck will take 16 times longer to stop than the car
d. The tmck will take l/4 of the time it takes the car to stop