Balanced Diet & Calorific

Value
@Andreaglorie
 2.1 Balanced Diet & Calorific Value
Balanced Diet
Diet that includes all the classes of food in the right quantitiy according to the
individual’s body requirement.

Malnutrition
A lack or am excess of any class of food can cause malnutrition.
Examples: Goitre, Marasmus, Scurvy, Kwashiorkor & Rickets
Application of concept of Pinggan Sihat Malaysia
•Eat 3 main healthy meals a day
•Eat 1-2 healthy snacks between meals if needed
•Eat more cereal foods
•Eat less fried food or food that contains coconut milk
•Eat home-cooked food more frequently

Concept of Pinggan Sihat Malaysia. V.

•Fill a quarter of the plate with rice or other
sources of carbohydrate.
•Fill half of the plate with fruits & vegetables.
•Fill a quarter of the plate with fish or other
sources of protein.
Calorific Value of Food
-Calorific value (energy value) of food is the amount of energy that is
released from the complete oxidation or combustion of 1g of that food.

-S.I unit for calorific value is joule per kilogram (J kg-¹)

1 calorie (cal)= 4.2 joules(J)

1 kilocalorie (kcal)= 4200 joules (J)
=4.2 kilojoules (kJ)

-Energy is normally measured in calorie (cal), kilocalorie(kcal), joule(J)

or kilojoule(kJ)
Effect of consuming total calories that do not meet
individual requirement.
Health Problem Cause Effect
Obesity Consuming food with high Increased risk of
calorific value developing diseases
excessively over long such as diabetes
periods of time mellitus,
Arteriosclerosis & high
blood pressure.

Anorexia Nerrosa Individual’s refusal to eat Develop health problems

due to worries of such as malnutrition
gaining weight that can be fatal
Health Problem Cause Effect
Atherosclerosis (a Cholesterol deposition on •Narrowing of the artery
the artery walls. luman causes high
type of
blood pressure.
arteriosclerosis)
•Increases risk of heart
diseases & stroke.

Diabetes Mellitus Consuming food & drinks •Affects vision, kidney &
high in sugar over long the nervous system.
periods of time
•Slow recovery of wounds.

High Blood Pressure Consuming food with high Increased risk of heart
salt content ocer long diseases & stroke.
periods of time
Eating Patterns of Malaysia & the effects on their health.
Eating unhealthy food that exceeds body requirements, especially late at night
will cause weight gain, risk of obesity & disruption of sleep.

Effects of fast food & Junk Food

Excessive sugar can cause:
•Obesity
•Tooth decay
•Increased risk of contracting diabetes mellitus at an early age.

Artificial colouring & sweeteners can cause:

•Cancer
•Infertility
•Diabetes mellitus
•Damage to liver & kidneys
Caffeine in carbonated drinks can cause:
•Insomnia
•Anxiety
•Addiction

Excessive salt can cause:

•High blood pressure
•Heart diseases
•Damage to kidneys

Absence of beneficial nutrients can cause malnutrition.