Stone masonry Lining Vs Pre-cast parabolic lining (PCPL)

Moreover, the availability of construction materials (stone, cement and sand) at local level coupled
with easily available appropriate skilled labor supported masonry lining. Consequently, this type of
masonry lining was preferred even over other low cost lining alternatives. However, under
continuous rise in demand for stone, no price control, and day by day dwindling quality of bricks and
stone, there is dire need to adopt an innovative approach in selecting alternate techniques for lining to
overcome the multifarious problems being faced in the field. Following are the main factors to be
kept in view while making choice for a specific lining technology among available alternatives:

Technical suitability
Economic feasibility
Acceptability by the farming community

Before the decision is made to line a canal, the costs and benefits of lining have to be compared.
Possible benefits of lining a canal include: • water conservation; • no seepage of water into adjacent
land or roads; • reduced canal dimensions; and • reduced maintenance

Advantages and Dis-advantages

Stone Masonry lining:

Available within country

Durable
Will help to reduce water loses in the canal
Masonry walls are more resistant to project
Eliminate scour in the specific section
Time consuming (in stone masonry lining will take much time during construction)

Pre-cast parabolic lining:

It reduces the loss of water due to seepage and hence the duty is enhanced.
It controls the water logging and hence the bad effects of water-logging are eliminated.
It provides smooth surface and hence the velocity of flow can be increased.
Due to the increased velocity the discharge capacity of a canal is also increased.
Due to the increased velocity, the evaporation loss also can be reduced.
It eliminates the effect of scouring in the canal bed
The increased velocity eliminates the possibility of silting in the canal bed.
It controls the growth of weeds along the canal sides and bed.
It provides the stable section of the canal.
It reduces the requirements of land width for the canal, because smaller section of the canal can be
used to produce greater discharge.
It prevents the sub-soil salt to come in contact with the canal water. 12. It reduces the maintenance
cost for the canals.
Time consuming (less time required to complete construction)
For sustainable, the PCPL has installed in a cut not in a filling section
It involves many difficulties for repairing the damaged section of lining
 Cost Comparison

1. Stone Masonry

Cost for 1km Stone masonry. -----56,250 USD

Cost for 1 km Pre-Cast Lining - -------16,324 USD

The above cost is based on from implemented ON-FARM project in Jalalabad

 Watercourse Improvement with (PCPL) Pre-cast parabolic lining
 

Table 1: Segment Sizes and their Hydraulic Dimensions 

Segment Size  Top   Depth  X‐Sectional   Perimeter  Equation  

Width  Area  Coefficient 

No. Section Length T D A P (a)

(mm x mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (sq.m) (mm)

1 360 x 225 1220 360 225 0.054 593 0.006944

2 457 x 305 920 457 305 0.093 783 0.005842
3 600 x 360 920 600 360 0.144 966 0.004000
4 640 x 460 920 640 460 0.196 1150 0.004492
5 675 x 480 920 675 480 0.216 1204 0.004214
6 760 x 530 920 760 530 0.269 1339 0.003670
7 920 x 610 920 920 610 0.374 1571 0.002883
8 1144x 686 920 1144 686 0.523 1841 0.002097
 

  Table 2: Construction Materials Required for Various PCPS Sizes

Segment Size  Concrete   Aggregate   Quantities of Construction  Material 

Weight  Volume  with Mix Ratio of  1 : 1 : 2 

per seg  perseg.  Cement  Sand  Gravel 

No. Section (mm Length (kg.) (cu.m) (bags) (cu.m) (cu.m)

x mm) (mm)

1 360 x 225 1220 86.93 0.0565 0.439 0.0170 0.034

2 457 x 305 920 103.03 0.0669 0.520 0.0200 0.040

3 600 x 360 920 123.09 0.0800 0.621 0.0240 0.048

4 640 x 460 920 162.73 0.1058 0.821 0.0320 0.063

5 675 x 480 920 173.28 0.1126 0.874 0.0340 0.068

6 760 x 530 920 228.49 0.1485 1.153 0.0445 0.089

7 920 x 610 920 286.00 0.1860 1.443 0.0555 0.111

8 1144x 686 920 308.64 0.2006 1.557 0.0600 0.120

 

 
Concrete Specifications

 Suggested mix ratio of 1:1:2

 28 days curing with cylinder compressive strength of 4500 psi
 70 percent of specified strength after 07 days and 85 to 90 percent after 14 days curing
 Maximum 01inch slump
 Pre-casting under approved conditions only, with compaction by vibrating table, to be
casted in only approved steel moulds
 Recommended water cement ratio of 0.36
 Minimum 5 days curing (water) or fully covered by steam.
 Aggregate sizes vary from minimum 3/8” to maximum of 3/4”. Manufacturer will adjust
proportions of aggregate size to achieve the specified strength. For Segment No. 1, 2 and
3, maximum recommended aggregate size is 1/2”.
 The sand shall be obtained from an approved source. It shall be well graded. The whole
sand should be passed through a No. 4 sieve (4.75 mm) and 2 to 10 percent shall pass
through a No. 100 sieve (0.15mm)
 Sand and gravel bay be washed before use
 SR cement is recommended for PCP segments to be installed in saline areas particularly
in southern Punjab
 Mortar of 1:3 cement sand ratio shall be applied in the joints

Compulsory Tests:

i) Compression Testing Machine (Cube / Cylinder)

ii) Cube / Cylinder Moulds
iii) Slump Test
iv) Sieve Analysis Set
v) Schmidt Hammer
 

Installation/ Jointing of PCPSs

To facilitate the installation of PCP lining, about 07 cm thick layer of compacted sand is laid over an 
already prepared firm bed (of desired compaction). The PCP segments are then placed on this sand 
bed by following proper alignment and ensuring designed longitudinal slope. Segments are also 
checked by mason’s hand level for their horizontal position to ensure proper jointing of male and 
female ends of each segment. The joints are then properly filled with mortar and cured for a 
minimum period of seven days. The sand requirements in bed and details of joints have been 
prepared  

 
Materials Required for Jointing and Sand Bed Preparation 
Segment Size  Material Required Per Joint With   Sand Required  Per 
Cement Sand Ratio of 1:3  Segment for  Bed 
Preparation 
Cement  Sand 

Section Length (bags) (cu.m) (cu.m)

1 360 x 225 1220 0.0022 0.00024 0.053

2 457 x 305 920 0.0037 0.00039 0.044

3 600 x 360 920 0.00445 0.00047 0.044

4 640 x 460 920 0.0062 0.00065 0.047

5 675 x 480 920 0.0065 0.00069 0.044

6 760 x 530 920 0.0089 0.00094 0.046

7 920 x 610 920 0.0115 0.00121 0.049

8 1144x 686 920 0.0121 0.00128 0.051

 

Hydraulic Design: 
 Segment Size Available

Segment  Top Width  Total Depth  Free Board  Max. Flow  Flow Area  Eq. 

Coefficient  
No. Size  (T)  (D)  (FB)  Depth (d)  (A) 
(a) 

(mm x (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (sq.m)

mm)

1  360 X 225 360 225 70 155 0.054 0.006944

2  457 X 305 457 305 70 235 0.093 0.005842

3  600 X 360 600 360 70 290 0.144 0.004000

4  640 X 460 640 460 70 390 0.196 0.004492

5  675 X 480 675 480 70 410 0.216 0.004214

6  760 X 530 760 530 70 460 0.269 0.003670

7  920 X 610 920 610 70 540 0.374 0.002883

8  1144 X 686 1144 686 70 616 0.523 0.002097