PIPELINE EXPANSION ANALYSIS ASAP 1X FLOWLINE

Project : AKM Production Facilities Project

Client : Genting Oil Katsuri

Prepared by : YR

Checked by : GAM/ZI

1. INTRODUCTION

The objective of this spreadsheet is to calculate the expansion length of pipeline's both ends (hot end and cold end)
due to pressure and temperature during hydrotest and operating condition. The expansion analysis is carried out in
accordance with OTC 4067.

Pipeline : 12.75" Flowline

pc ≔ ‖ “hydrotest” for hydrotest condition
Condition : ‖
for operating condition (fully corroded)
‖ “operating”

2. REFERENCES

The following reference is used in this spreadsheet,

[1]. OTC 4067, Movements of Submarine Pipelines Close to Platforms, Andrew C. Palmer and Michael T.S. Ling,
1981;
[2]. ASME B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, 2018
[3]. DNVGL-RP-F114, Pipe-Soil Interaction for Submarine Pipelines, 2017
[4]. Subsea Design Pipeline, Analysis, and Installation, Qiang Bai, Yong Bai, 2014
[5]. 1902-01PL-30-02B-G0085, Pipeline Design Basis

3. INPUT DATA

3.1 Pipeline Properties

Nominal Outside Diameter Do ≔ 12.75 in = 323.85 mm

Selected Wall Thickness of Pipeline ts ≔ 8.38 mm

Corrosion Allowance of Pipeline CA ≔ 0 mm

-5 -1
Coefficient Thermal Expansion of steel αs ≔ 1.17 ⋅ 10 Δ°C

7
Young's Modulus of Steel Es ≔ 3 ⋅ 10 psi

Poisson's Ratio of Steel ν ≔ 0.3

-3
Steel Density ρs ≔ 7850 kg ⋅ m

Anti-Corrosion Coating Thickness tacc ≔ 2.3 mm

-3
Anti-Corrosion Coating Density ρacc ≔ 900 kg ⋅ m

Anti-Corrosion Coating Cutback Length lcbc ≔ 150 mm

-3
Field Joint Coating Density ρfjc ≔ 0 kg ⋅ m

Page 1 of 7
Pipeline Length Lpl ≔ 4400 m

Interval Data Range x ≔ 0 m , 10 m ‥ Lpl

Pipe Joint Length Lpj ≔ 12.2 m

Pipeline Material Grade API 5L X65 PSL 2

Specified Minimum Yield Strength SMYS ≔ 65000 psi

-5 -1
Coefficient Thermal Expansion of Cladding αclad ≔ 1.4 ⋅ 10 Δ°C

-3
Clad Density ρclad ≔ 8140 kg ⋅ m

Clad Thickness tclad ≔ 3 mm

3.2 Design and Operating Parameters

Maximum Operating Pressure Pop ≔ 1200 psi

Maximum Operating Temperature Top ≔ 93.3 °C

Hydrotest Pressure Ph ≔ 1800 psi

Hydrotest Temperature Th ≔ 30.4 °C

-3
Density of Pipe Content during Operation ρop ≔ 64.15 kg ⋅ m

-3
Density of Pipe Content during Hydrotest ρh ≔ 1000 kg ⋅ m

Ambient Temperature Tamb ≔ 20.83 °C

Residual Lay Tension Tlay ≔ 0 kN

3.3 Soil Parameters

Trench Depth zt ≔ 1.2 m

-3
Unit Weight γs ≔ 17.56 kN ⋅ m

Friction Angle ϕ ≔ 0 deg

Passive Earth Pressure Coefficient K0 ≔ 1 - sin (ϕ) = 1

Soil Friction Coefficient μs ≔ 0.13

3.4 Characteristics of Data for Pipeline Conditions

Characteristic of actual wall thickness of pipeline for conditions

tst (pc) ≔ ‖ if pc ＝ “hydrotest” tst (“hydrotest”) = 8.38 mm

‖ ‖
‖ ‖ ts tst (“operating”) = 8.38 mm
‖
‖ also if pc ＝ “operating”
Page 2 of 7
 ‖ also if pc ＝ operating
‖ ‖ ts - 100% ⋅ CA
‖ ‖

Characteristic of internal pressure of pipeline for conditions

Pi (pc) ≔ ‖ if pc ＝ “hydrotest” Pi (“hydrotest”) = 12.411 MPa

‖ ‖
‖ ‖ Ph Pi (“operating”) = 8.274 MPa
‖
‖ also if pc ＝ “operating”
‖ ‖ Pop
‖ ‖

Characteristic of internal temperature of pipeline for conditions

Ti (pc) ≔ ‖ if pc ＝ “hydrotest” Ti (“hydrotest”) = 30.4 °C

‖ ‖
‖ ‖ Th Ti (“operating”) = 93.3 °C
‖
‖ also if pc ＝ “operating”
‖ ‖ Top
‖ ‖

Characteristic of pipeline content for conditions

ρcont (pc) ≔ ‖ if pc ＝ “hydrotest”

-3
ρcont (“hydrotest”) = 1000 kg ⋅ m
‖ ‖ -3
‖ ‖ ρh ρcont (“operating”) = 64.15 kg ⋅ m
‖
‖ also if pc ＝ “operating”
‖ ‖ ρop
‖ ‖

4. CALCULATION

4.1 Pipeline Weight Calculation

Internal Diameter of Pipeline ID (pc) ≔ Do - 2 ⋅ tst (pc)

Diameter of Anti-Corrosion Coating Dacc ≔ Do + 2 ⋅ tacc Dacc = 328.45 mm

Total Diameter of Pipeline Dtot ≔ Do + 2 ⋅ tacc Dclad (pc) ≔ ID (pc) - 2 ⋅ tclad

⎛ 2 2⎞
Weight of Steel Pipe Ws (pc) ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎝Do - ID (pc) ⎠ ⋅ ρs ⋅ g

2 2
⎛ Lpj - 2 ⋅ lcbc ⎞
Weight of Anti-Corrosion Coating Wacc ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dacc - Do ⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ρacc ⋅ g
-1 ⎝ Lpj ⎠
Wacc = 20.29 N ⋅ m

2 2
⎛ 2 ⋅ lcbc ⎞
Weight of Field Joint Coating Wfjc ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dacc - Do ⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎜――⎟ ⋅ ρfjc ⋅ g
Wfjc = 0 N ⋅ m
-1 ⎝ Lpj ⎠

2
Weight of Pipe Content Wcont (pc) ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ID (pc) ⋅ ρcont (pc) ⋅ g

⎛ 2 2⎞
Weight of Pipe Cladding Wclad (pc) ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎝ID (pc) - Dclad (pc) ⎠ ⋅ ρclad ⋅ g

Total Pipeline Weight Wtot (pc) ≔ Ws (pc) + Wacc + Wfjc + Wcont (pc) + Wclad (pc)

-1
Wtot (“hydrotest”) = 1614.77 N ⋅ m
-1
Wtot (“operating”) = 935.02 N ⋅ m

Page 3 of 7
 1.635

1.565

1.495

1.425

1.355
Wtot (“hydrotest”) ⎛⎝kN ⋅ m ⎞⎠
-1
1.285

1.215
Wtot (“operating”) ⎛⎝kN ⋅ m ⎞⎠
-1
1.145

1.075

1.005

0.935

0 450 900 1.35⋅10³ 1.8⋅10³ 2.25⋅10³ 2.7⋅10³ 3.15⋅10³ 3.6⋅10³ 4.05⋅10³ 4.5⋅10³
x (m)

Figure 1 - Profile of Flowline Total Weight along the Length

4.2 Axial Force Calculation

⎛ 2 2⎞
Sectional Area of Steel Pipe Ast (pc) ≔ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ⎝Do - ID (pc) ⎠

Pipe Total Thickness tth ≔ ts + tclad = 11.38 mm

ts tclad
Thermal Expansion Coefficient Linear αth ≔ αs ⋅ ― + αclad ⋅ ――
tth tth

Thermal Expansion Force FT (pc) ≔ Ast (pc) ⋅ αth ⋅ Es ⋅ ⎛⎝Ti (pc) - Tamb⎞⎠
Equation 2, 15, Ref. [1]

Minimum External Hydrostatic Pressure Pe_min (x , pc) ≔ 0 Pa

2
Pressure Expansion Force due to End Cap FE (x , pc) ≔ Pi (pc) ⋅ 0.25 ⋅ π ⋅ ID (pc)

Pi (pc) ⋅ Do
Pressure Expansion Force due to Poisson's Effect FP (x , pc) ≔ ν ⋅ ―――― ⋅ Ast (pc)
2 ⋅ tst (pc)
Axial Force Acting on Pipeline Fax (x , pc) ≔ FT (pc) + FE (x , pc) - FP (x , pc)

1.8⋅10³
1.7⋅10³
1.6⋅10³
1.5⋅10³
1.4⋅10³
1.3⋅10³
1.2⋅10³ Fax (x , “hydrotest”) (kN)
1.1⋅10³
1⋅10³
Fax (x , “operating”) (kN)
900
800
700
600
500

0 450 900 1.35⋅10³ 1.8⋅10³ 2.25⋅10³ 2.7⋅10³ 3.15⋅10³ 3.6⋅10³ 4.05⋅10³ 4.5⋅10³
x (m)

Figure 2 - Profile of Axial Force along the Length

Page 4 of 7
4.3 Soil Friction Force Calculation

4.3 Soil Friction Force

x
Calculation ⌠ ⎛⎛ γs ⋅ Do ⎛ Do ⎞ ⎞ ⎞
Soil Friction Force at Hot End Ffr_H (x) ≔ ⎮ μs ⋅ ⎜⎜2 π ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⎜zt + ―⎟ ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + K0⎞⎠⎟ + Wtot (pc)⎟ d x
Equation 5.1, 15, Ref. [3] ⎮
⌡ ⎝⎝ 4 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠ ⎠
0m

Lpl
⌠ ⎛⎛ γs ⋅ Do ⎛ Do ⎞ ⎞ ⎞
Soil Friction Force at Cold End Ffr_C (x) ≔ ⎮ μs ⋅ ⎜⎜2 π ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⎜zt + ―⎟ ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + K0⎞⎠⎟ + Wtot (pc)⎟ d x
Equation 5.1, 15, Ref. [3] ⎮
⌡ ⎝⎝ 4 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠ ⎠
x

Soil Friction Resistance along the Pipeline Ffr (x) ≔ ‖ if ⎛⎝Ffr_H (x) > Ffr_C (x)⎞⎠
‖
‖ ‖ Ffr_C (x)
‖ ‖
‖ else
‖ ‖ F (x)
‖ ‖ fr_H
7.7⋅10³
7⋅10³
6.3⋅10³
5.6⋅10³
4.9⋅10³
4.2⋅10³
3.5⋅10³ Ffr (x) (kN)
2.8⋅10³
2.1⋅10³
1.4⋅10³
700
0
0 450 900 1.35⋅10³ 1.8⋅10³ 2.25⋅10³ 2.7⋅10³ 3.15⋅10³ 3.6⋅10³ 4.05⋅10³ 4.5⋅10³

x (m)
Figure 3 - Profile of Friction Resistance Force along the Length

4.4 Effective Axial Force Calculation

Effective Axial Force along the Length Feff (x , pc) ≔ ‖ if Fax (x , pc) > Ffr (x)
‖
‖ ‖ Ffr (x)
‖ ‖
‖ else
‖ ‖ F (x , pc)
‖ ‖ ax
1.8⋅10³

1.65⋅10³

1.5⋅10³

1.35⋅10³

1.2⋅10³

1.05⋅10³

900
Feff (x , “hydrotest”) (kN)
750

600
Feff (x , “operating”) (kN)
450

300

150

0
0 450 900 1.35⋅10³ 1.8⋅10³ 2.25⋅10³ 2.7⋅10³ 3.15⋅10³ 3.6⋅10³ 4.05⋅10³ 4.5⋅10³

x (m)

Figure 4 - Profile of Effective Axial Force along the Length

Page 5 of 7
4.5 Virtual Anchor Length Calculation

Maximum Friction Force of Soil Location KPfr_max ≔ root ⎛⎝Ffr_H (x) - Ffr_C (x) , x , 0 m , Lpl⎞⎠
KPfr_max = 2200 m

Virtual Anchor Length at Hot End (from start point) Va1 (pc) ≔ ‖ if Ffr ⎛⎝KPfr_max⎞⎠ > Fax ⎛⎝KPfr_max , pc⎞⎠
Equation 8, 9, Ref. [1]
‖
‖ ‖ root ⎛⎝Ffr (x) - Fax (x , pc) , x , 0 m , KPfr_max⎞⎠
‖ ‖
‖ else
‖ ‖ KP
‖ ‖ fr_max

Va1 (“hydrotest”) = 159.54 m

Va1 (“operating”) = 531.73 m

Virtual Anchor Length at Cold End (from start point) LVa2 (pc) ≔ ‖ if Ffr ⎛⎝KPfr_max⎞⎠ > Fax ⎛⎝KPfr_max , pc⎞⎠
Equation 8, 9, Ref. [1]
‖
‖ ‖ root ⎛⎝Ffr (x) - Fax (x , pc) , x , KPfr_max , Lpl⎞⎠
‖ ‖
‖ else
‖ ‖ KP (pc)
‖ ‖ fr_max

LVa2 (“hydrotest”) = 4240.46 m

LVa2 (“operating”) = 3868.27 m

Virtual Anchor Length at Cold End (from end point) Va2 (pc) ≔ Lpl - LVa2 (pc)

Va2 (“hydrotest”) = 159.54 m

Va2 (“operating”) = 531.73 m

4.6 Pipeline Expansion Length Calculation

Va1 (pc)
Expansion Length of Pipeline at Hot End ⌠ ⎛F (x , pc) - F (x)⎞
Equation 16, 17, Ref. [1] ⎝ ax fr ⎠
LH (pc) ≔ ⎮ ――――――― dx
⎮
⌡ Es ⋅ Ast
(pc)
0m

LH (“hydrotest”) = 24.33 mm
LH (“operating”) = 270.3 mm

Lpl
Expansion Length of Pipeline at Cold End ⌠ ⎛F (x , pc) - F (x)⎞
Equation 16, 17, Ref. [1] ⎝ ax
⎮ ――――――― fr ⎠
LC (pc) ≔ dx
⎮
⌡ Es ⋅ Ast
(pc)
LVa2 (pc)

LC (“hydrotest”) = 24.33 mm
LC (“operating”) = 270.3 mm

Page 6 of 7
5. SUMMARY OF CALCULATION

Nominal Outside Diameter of Pipeline Do = 12.75 in

Wall Thickness of Pipeline ts = 8.38 mm

3
Maximum Operating Pressure Pop = ⎛⎝1.2 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ psi

Maximum Operating Temperature Top = 93.3 °C

Effective Axial Force at Anchor Length (Hot End) Feff ⎛⎝Va1 (“hydrotest”) , “hydrotest”⎞⎠ = 524.03 kN
Feff ⎛⎝Va1 (“operating”) , “operating”⎞⎠ = 1746.54 kN

Effective Axial Force at Anchor Length (Cold End) Feff ⎛⎝LVa2 (“hydrotest”) , “hydrotest”⎞⎠ = 524.03 kN
Feff ⎛⎝LVa2 (“operating”) , “operating”⎞⎠ = 1746.54 kN

Virtual Anchor Length at Hot End (from start point) Va1 (“hydrotest”) = 159.54 m
Va1 (“operating”) = 531.73 m

Virtual Anchor Length at Cold End (from end point) Va2 (“hydrotest”) = 159.54 m
Va2 (“operating”) = 531.73 m

Expansion Length at Hot End LH (“hydrotest”) = 24.33 mm

LH (“operating”) = 270.3 mm

Expansion Length at Cold End LC (“hydrotest”) = 24.33 mm

LC (“operating”) = 270.3 mm

Page 7 of 7