TUGAS KULIAH KL4220

PIPA BAWAH LAUT

TUGAS 03

Oleh:
Velicia Nurman 15518039

Dosen:
Prof. Ir. Ricky Lukman Tawekal, MSE., Ph.D.
Ir. Eko Charnius Ilman, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.
Ir. Jessica Rikanti Tawekal, S.T., M.Sc.

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK KELAUTAN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN LINGKUNGAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
2022
 Velicia Nurman
15518039
Tugas 3
On-Bottom Stability Analysis Tutorial
Based on DNV RP E305 "

Pipeline Properties (Seamless pipe, flammable content)

Outer Diameter Do ≔ 10.75 in = 273.05 mm

Wall Thickness tst ≔ 0.5 in = 12.7 mm

Specific Minimum Yield Strength SMYS ≔ 450 MPa

Specific Minimum Tensile Strength SMTS ≔ 535 MPa

Carbon Steel Density ρst ≔ 7850 kg ⋅ m -3

Steel Modulus Elasticity E ≔ 2.07 ⋅ 10 5 MPa

Poisson Ratio ν ≔ 0.3

Pipeline Joint Length lp ≔ 12.2 m

Corrosion Allowance tca ≔ 3 mm

Air Density ρair ≔ 0 kg ⋅ m -3

kg
Reservoir content Density ρreservoir ≔ 52.7 lb ⋅ ft -3 = 844.173 ――
m3
Coating Properties
Corrosion Type 3LPE

Corrosion Coating Density ρcorr ≔ 940 kg ⋅ m -3

Corrosion Coating Thickness tcorr ≔ 3.5 mm

Corrosion Coating Cutback cccorr ≔ 150 mm

Concrete Density ρcc ≔ 3040 kg ⋅ m -3

Concrete Cutback ccconc ≔ 350 mm

Polyurethane Foam Infill ρif ≔ 1025 kg ⋅ m -3

Environmental Data
 ρif ≔ 1025 kg ⋅ m -3

Environmental Data

Water Depth d ≔ 57.9 m

m2
Seawater Viscosity v ≔ 1.076 ⋅ 10 -5 ft 2 ⋅ s -1 = ⎛⎝9.996 ⋅ 10 -7⎞⎠ ――
s
Significant Wave Height 1-yr Period Hs.1yr ≔ 3.24 m
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
250 ⋅ Hs.1yr
Peak Wave Period 1-yr Tp.1yr ≔ ―――― = 9.088 s
g

Significant Wave Height 10-yr Period Hs.10yr ≔ 4.75 m

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
250 ⋅ Hs.10yr
Peak Wave Period 10-yr Tp.10yr ≔ ――――= 11.004 s
g

Significant Wave Height 100-yr Period Hs.100yr ≔ 5.19 m

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
250 ⋅ Hs.100yr
Peak Wave Period 100-yr Tp.100yr ≔ ―――― = 11.503 s
g

1-yr Current Speed (51.3 m MSL) U1yr ≔ 0.52 m ⋅ s -1

10-yr Current Speed (51.3 m MSL) U10yr ≔ 0.55 m ⋅ s -1

100-yr Current Speed (51.3 m MSL) U100yr ≔ 0.62 m ⋅ s -1

Marine Growth Density ρmg ≔ 1400 kg ⋅ m -3

Marine Growth Thickness tmg ≔ 75 mm

kg
Seawater Density ρw ≔ 1025 ――
m3
Soil Type: soil ≔ “clay”

Bottom Roughness z0 ≔ 5 ⋅ 10 -5 mm

Grain Size d50 ≔ 0.065 mm

Current Measurement Depth Ref. zr ≔ d - 51.3 m = 6.6 m

Sea State Durations Tstorm ≔ 3 hr = ⎛⎝1.08 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ s

Clay Undrained Shear Strength su ≔ 2 kPa

kN
Submerged Weight γs' ≔ 3.5 ――
m3

kN
Bulk Weight Unit γs ≔ 12.7 ――
m3
 kN
Bulk Weight Unit γs ≔ 12.7 ――
m3
Current Directionality θc ≔ 90 deg

Submerged Weight Calculation (Installation)

Thickness of Concrete Weight Coating tcc ≔ tcc.inst

Inner Diameter IDinst ≔ Do - 2 ⋅ tst = 0.248 m

1
Pipeline Cross Section Area As.inst ≔ ―⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Do 2 - IDinst 2 ⎞⎠ = 0.01 m 2
4
Corrosion Coating Diameter Dcorr ≔ Do + 2 ⋅ tcorr = 0.28 m

Concrete Coating Diameter Dconc ≔ Dcorr + 2 ⋅ tcc = 0.28 m

Pipeline Weight Wst.inst ≔ As.inst ⋅ ρst ⋅ g ⋅ lp = 9.756 kN

1
Corrosion Coating Area Acorr ≔ ―⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dcorr 2 - Do 2 ⎞⎠ = 0.003 m 2
4
Corrosion Coating Weight Wcorr ≔ ρcorr ⋅ g ⋅ ⎛⎝lp - 2 ⋅ cccorr⎞⎠ ⋅ Acorr = 0.334 kN
1
Concrete Cross Section Area Acc.inst ≔ ―⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dconc 2 - Dcorr 2 ⎞⎠ = 0 m 2
4
π
Content Cross Section Area Areservoir ≔ ―⋅ IDinst 2 = 0.048 m 2
4
Concrete Coating Weight Wcc.inst ≔ ρcc ⋅ Acc.inst ⋅ ⎛⎝lp - 2 ⋅ ccconc⎞⎠ ⋅ g = 0 kN
1
Infill Cross Section (corr. cutback) Aif.corr ≔ ―⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dcorr 2 - Do 2 ⎞⎠ = 0.003 m 2
4
Content Weight Wreservoir ≔ ρreservoir ⋅ Areservoir ⋅ lp ⋅ g = 4.865 kN

Corrosion Infill Weight Wif.corr ≔ ρif ⋅ Aif.corr ⋅ 2 ⋅ cccorr = 0.935 kg

1
Infill Cross Section (concrete Aif.cc ≔ ―⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dconc 2 - Dcorr 2 ⎞⎠ = 0 m 2
cutback) 4

Concrete Coating Infill Weight Wif.conc ≔ ρif ⋅ Aif.cc ⋅ 2 ⋅ ccconc = 0 kg

Infill Weight Wif ≔ ⎛⎝Wif.corr + Wif.conc⎞⎠ ⋅ g = 9.17 N

Marine Growth Diameter In installation condition, there is no possibility of

marine growth existence.
π kN
Buoyancy Force (per unit length) Binst ≔ ρw ⋅ g ⋅ ―⋅ Dconc 2 = 0.619 ――
4 m
 π kN
Binst ≔ ρw ⋅ g ⋅ ―⋅ Dconc 2 = 0.619 ――
4 m

kN
Pipeline Submerged Weight (per unit length) Wsub.inst ≔ ⎛Wst.inst + Wcorr ↲⎞ ↲ = 0.209 ――
⎜ ⎟ m
⎝+ Wcc.inst + Wif ⎠
1
⋅ ―- Binst
lp

Submerged Weight Calculation (Operation)

Thickness of Concrete Weight Coating tcc ≔ tcc.ope

Inner Diameter IDope ≔ Do - 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝tst - tca⎞⎠ = 0.254 m

1
Pipeline Cross Section Area As.ope ≔ ―⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Do 2 - IDope 2 ⎞⎠ = 0.008 m 2
4
Concrete Coating Diameter Dconc.ope ≔ Dcorr + 2 ⋅ tcc = 0.366 m

Pipeline Weight Wst.ope ≔ As.ope ⋅ ρst ⋅ g ⋅ lp = 7.537 kN

Corrosion Coating Weight Wcorr = 0.334 kN

1
Concrete Cross Section Area Acc ≔ ―⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dconc.ope 2 - Dcorr 2 ⎞⎠ = 0.044 m 2
4
Concrete Coating Weight Wcc.ope ≔ ρcc ⋅ Acc ⋅ ⎛⎝lp - 2 ⋅ ccconc⎞⎠ ⋅ g = 14.962 kN
1
Content Cross Section Area Areservoir ≔ ―⋅ π ⋅ IDope 2 = 0.051 m 2
4
Content Weight Wreservoir ≔ ρreservoir ⋅ Areservoir ⋅ lp ⋅ g = 5.104 kN

Infill Cross Section (corr. cutback) Aif.corr = 0.003 m 2

Coating Infill Weight Wif.corr ≔ ρif ⋅ Aif.corr ⋅ 2 ⋅ cccorr = 0.935 kg

1
Infill Cross Section (concrete cutback) Aif.cc ≔ ―⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dconc.ope 2 - Dconc 2 ⎞⎠ = 0.044 m 2
4
Coating Concrete Infill Weight Wif.conc ≔ ρif ⋅ Aif.cc ⋅ 2 ⋅ ccconc = 31.312 kg

Infill Weight Wif ≔ ⎛⎝Wif.corr + Wif.conc⎞⎠ ⋅ g = 0.316 kN

Marine Growth Diameter Dmg.ope ≔ Dconc.ope + 2 ⋅ tmg = 0.516 m

Marine Growth Weight
Buoyancy Force (per unit length)
1
Wmg.ope ≔ ρmg ⋅ ―⋅ π ⋅ ⎛⎝Dmg.ope 2 - Dconc.ope 2 ⎞⎠ ⋅ lp ⋅ g = 17.406 kN
4
π kN
Bope ≔ ρw ⋅ g ⋅ ―⋅ Dmg.ope 2 = 2.102 ――
4 m

kN
Pipeline Submerged Weight (per unit length) Wsub.ope ≔ ⎛Wst.ope + Wcorr ↲ ⎞ ↲ = 0.213 ――
⎜ ⎟ m
⎜+ Wcc.ope + Wif ↲⎟
⎜⎝+ Wreservoir ⎟⎠
1
⋅ ―- Bope
 kN
Pipeline Submerged Weight (per unit length) Wsub.ope ≔ ⎛Wst.ope + Wcorr ↲ ⎞ ↲ = 0.213 ――
⎜ ⎟ m
⎜+ Wcc.ope + Wif ↲⎟
⎜⎝+ Wreservoir ⎟⎠
1
⋅ ―- Bope
lp

Vertical Stability Check

Installation
1.1 ⋅ Binst
Unity Check UCver.inst ≔ ―――――= 0.823
Wsub.inst + Binst
Checkver.inst ≔ if UCver.inst ≥ 1 ∨ UCver.inst < 0 |
‖ “Pipeline Floats” |
‖ |
else if 0.99 < UCver.inst < 1 |
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled with optimum concrete thickness” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, optimization needed” |
‖ |

Checkver.inst = “Criteria is fulfilled, optimization needed”

Minimum Concrete Thickness tcc.inst ≡ 0 mm

Operation
1.1 ⋅ Bope
Unity Check UCver.ope ≔ ――――― = 0.999
Wsub.ope + Bope
Checkver.ope ≔ if UCver.ope ≥ 1 ∨ UCver.ope < 0 |
‖ “Pipeline Floats” |
‖ |
else if 0.99 < UCver.ope < 1 |
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled with optimum concrete thickness” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, optimization needed” |
‖ |

Checkver.ope = “Criteria is fulfilled with optimum concrete thickness”

Minimum Concrete Thickness tcc.ope ≡ 43 mm

Velocities associated to wave and current

Analysis Condition cond ≔ “operation” dominant ≔ “wave”

Concrete Thickness tcc ≔ tcc.lat

Concrete Thickness tcc ≔ tcc.lat

Total Diameter Dtot ≔ Dcorr + 2 ⋅ tcc = 0.36 m

m
Current Velocity U ≔ if dominant ＝ “wave” ∧ cond ＝ “installation” | = 0.55 ―
‖ | s
‖ U1yr |
else if dominant ＝ “current” ∧ cond ＝ “installation”|
‖ |
‖ U10yr |
|
else if dominant ＝ “wave” ∧ cond ＝ “operation” |
‖ |
‖ U10yr |
else |
‖ |
‖ U 100yr |

Mean Perpendicular Current Velocity

⎛⎛ z0 ⎞ ⎛ Dtot ⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜1 + ―― ⎟ ⋅ ln ⎜―― + 1⎟ - 1 ⎟
⎜⎝ Dtot ⎠ ⎝ z0 ⎠ ⎟ m
Vc ≔ U ⋅ ――――――――― = 0.435 ―
⎜ ⎛ zr ⎞ ⎟ s
⎜ ln ⎜―+ 1⎟ ⎟
⎜⎝ ⎝ z0 ⎠ ⎟⎠

Significant Wave Height Hs ≔ if dominant ＝ “wave” ∧ cond ＝ “installation” | = 5.19 m

‖ |
H
‖ s.10yr |
else if dominant ＝ “current” ∧ cond ＝ “installation”|
‖ |
‖ Hs.1yr |
|
else if dominant ＝ “wave” ∧ cond ＝ “operation” |
‖ |
‖ Hs.100yr |
else |
‖ |
‖ Hs.10yr |

Peak Wave Period Tp ≔ if dominant ＝ “wave” ∧ cond ＝ “installation” | = 11.503 s

‖ |
‖ Tp.10yr |
else if dominant ＝ “current” ∧ cond ＝ “installation”|
‖ |
‖ Tp.1yr |
|
else if dominant ＝ “wave” ∧ cond ＝ “operation” |
‖ |
‖ Tp.100yr |
else |
‖ |
‖ T p.10yr |

Reference Period ‾‾
d
Tn ≔ ―= 2.43 s
g

Tn
Xaxis ≔ ― = 0.211
Tp

Significant Flow Water Velocity, Us (Linear Wave Theory)

Significant Flow Water Velocity, Us (Linear Wave Theory)

Based on Figure 3-2, it can be assumed

according to the red line that the y-axis:

yaxis ≔ 0.175
Therefore,
Hs ⋅ yaxis m
Us ≔ ―――= 0.374 ―
Tn s

Zero Up-crossing Period

Based on Figure 3-3, it can be assumed

according to the red line that the y-axis:
yaxis ≔ 1.051
Therefore,

Tu ≔ Tp ⋅ yaxis = 12.089 s

Reduction Factor due to Wave Directionality R≔1 Conservative assumption

m
Significant Flow Velocity at pipe level (section 2.3.10) Us ≔ 0.374 ―
s
Mean Zero Up-crossing of Oscillating Flow at Pipe Tu = 12.089 s
Level (Eq. 3.13)

Reference Period (Section 1.5.1) Tn = 2.43 s

Generalized Stability Analysis Check

 Generalized Stability Analysis Check

kN
Submerged Weight Wsub ≔ if cond ＝ “installation” | = 0.213 ――
‖W | m
‖ sub.inst |
else if cond ＝ “operation”|
‖W |
‖ sub.ope ||

Wsub
Shear Strength Parameter (Clay) S ≔ ――― = 0.296
Dtot ⋅ su
Significant Keulegan-Carpenter
Us ⋅ Tp
Number (Sect 5.2.2) K ≔ ――― = 11.948
Dtot

Wsub
Pipe Weight Parameter (Sect 5.2.2) L ≔ ―――――― = 8.265
0.5 ⋅ ρw ⋅ Dtot ⋅ Us 2

Vc
Current to Wave Velocity Ratio M ≔ ― = 1.163
(Sect 1.5.1) Us

Use Simplified Static Stability Analysis

Simplified Static Stability Analysis Check

Friction calibration factor (Figure 5.11) μ ≔ 0.3
1
―= 3.375
Lift Force Coefficient (Section 5.3.8) CL ≔ 0.9 S

Drag Force Coefficient (Section 5.3.8) CD ≔ 0.7

Inertia Force Coefficient (Section 5.3.8) CM ≔ 3.29

Significant acceleration perpendicular to

2 ⋅ π ⋅ Us m
pipeline(Section 5.3.8) As ≔ ――― = 0.194 ―
Tu s2
1 2
Lift Force FL ((θ)) ≔ ―ρw ⋅ Dtot ⋅ CL ⋅ ⎛⎝Us ⋅ cos ((θ)) + Vc⎞⎠
(Section 5.3.8) 2

1
Drag Force FD ((θ)) ≔ ―ρw ⋅ Dtot ⋅ CD ⋅ ⎛⎝Us ⋅ cos ((θ)) + Vc⎞⎠ ↲
(Section 5.3.8) 2
⋅ ||Us ⋅ cos ((θ)) + Vc||
Inertia Force
π ⋅ Dtot 2
(Section 5.3.8) FI (θ) ≔ ―――⋅ ρw ⋅ CM ⋅ As ⋅ sin ((θ))
( )
4
⎛⎝FD ((θ)) + FI ((θ))⎞⎠ + μ ⋅ FL ((θ))
θ ≔ 0 , 0.1 ‥ 180 deg FLateral ((θ)) ≔ ―――――――――
μ
 ⎛⎝FD ((θ)) + FI ((θ))⎞⎠ + μ ⋅ FL ((θ))
FLateral ((θ)) ≔ ―――――――――
μ

0.495
0.45
0.405
0.36 FD ((θ)) ⎛⎝kN ⋅ m -1⎞⎠
0.315

FL ((θ)) ⎛⎝kN ⋅ m -1⎞⎠

0.27
0.225
0.18
0.135
FI ((θ)) ⎛⎝kN ⋅ m -1⎞⎠
0.09
0.045
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
FLateral ((θ)) ⎛⎝kN ⋅ m -1⎞⎠

θ ((deg ))

Calibration Factor (Fig 5.12) K = 11.948

M ≔ 1.163
FW ≔ 1.15

θ ≔ 0 deg θmax ≔ maximize ⎛⎝FLateral , θ⎞⎠ = 0.589

1
FLateral ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ = 0.456 ―⋅ kN
m
kN
Required Submerged Weight (Sect 5.3.6) Ws ≔ FLateral ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ ⋅ FW = 0.524 ――
m
Analysis Condition cond = “operation”

dominant = “wave”

Concrete Thickness tcc.lat ≡ 40 mm

Stability Check
Stability Check

⎛ ⎛ Ws ⎞ ⎞|
SC ≔ if ⎜⎜―― - FL ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠⎟ ⋅ μ ≥ ⎛⎝FD ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠ + FI ⎛⎝θmax⎞⎠⎞⎠⎟| = “The linepipe is stable”
⎝⎝ FW ⎠ ⎠|
‖ “The linepipe is stable” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “The linepipe is not stable” |
‖ |