Tugas 2 - Pipeline Wall Thickness Design

Based on DNVGL-ST-F101 "Submarine Pipeline System" 2017

oleh Irfan Naufal (15518026)

Pipeline Properties (Seamless Pipe, Flammable Content)

Outer Diameter Do ≔ 273.1 mm

Specific Minimum Yield Strength SMYS ≔ 450 MPa

Specific Minimum Tensile Strength SMTS ≔ 535 MPa

kg
Carbon Steel Density ρs ≔ 7850 ――
m3

Modulus Elasticity E ≔ 2.07 ⋅ 10 5 MPa

Poison Ration ν ≔ 0.3

Length Joint lj ≔ 12.2 m

Corrosion Allowance (6.4.2.3) tcor ≔ 3 mm

Design Temperature T ≔ 32 °C

Design Pressure Pd ≔ 1596 psi = 11.004 MPa

Design Pressure Phy ≔ 1.25 ⋅ Pd = 13.755 MPa

kg
Water Density ρsw ≔ 1025 ――
m3

kg
Content density ρop ≔ 58.8 ――
m3
 INTERNAL PRESSURE CONTAINMENT

Hydrotest Condition

⎛ pb ⎛⎝t1⎞⎠ ⎞
pit - pe ≤ Min ⎜―――― ;pmpt⎟
⎝ γm ⋅ γSCPC ⎠

Wall thickness tpc.hydro ≔ 12 mm

Fabrication tolerance (Table 7-20)
tfab ≔ 0.125 ⋅ tpc.hydro = ⎛⎝6.125 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ m
Characteristic Wall Thickness
t1 ≔ tpc.hydro - tfab = 0.004 m
Material Strength factor
αU ≔ 1 System pressure test

fytemp ≔ 0 MPa

futemp ≔ 0 MPa
Characteristic material strength fy ≔ ⎛⎝SMYS - fytemp⎞⎠ ⋅ αU = 450 MPa

fu ≔ ⎛⎝SMTS - futemp⎞⎠ ⋅ αU = 535 MPa

⎛ fu ⎞
fcb ≔ min ⎜fy , ―― ⎟ = 450 MPa
⎝ 1.15 ⎠

2 ⋅ t1 2
Pressure containment resistance Pb ≔ ――― ⋅ fcb ⋅ ―― = 16.575 MPa
Do - t1 ‾‾
3

Material resistance factor (ULS) γm ≔ 1.15

(Table 5-1)

Safety class resistance factor (ULS) γsc.pc ≔ 1.046 Low

(Table 5-2)

Water Depth h ≔ 79 m

Elevation at pressure point h1 ≔ 0 m

Elevation at pressure reference level href ≔ h = 79 m

Local system test pressure Plt ≔ Phy - ρsw ⋅ g ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 - href⎞⎠ = 14.549 MPa

External Pressure (Hydrostatic) Pe ≔ ρsw ⋅ g ⋅ h = 0.794 MPa

Number of stress blocks k ≔ 1.15 with end cap

Minimum measured wall thickness tmin ≔ t1 reducted by fabrication tolerance

2 ⋅ tmin
Mill pressure test Pmpt ≔ k ⋅ ――― ⋅ min ((SMYS ⋅ 0.96 , SMTS ⋅ 0.84))
Do - tmin

Pmpt = 15.848 MPa

Pressure containment check

Pb
C1 ≔ ――― = 13.78 MPa C2 ≔ Pmpt = 15.848 MPa
γm ⋅ γsc.pc

Plt - Pe
UC1 ≔ ――――― = 0.998
min ⎛⎝C1 , C2⎞⎠
 Plt - Pe
UC1 ≔ ――――― = 0.998
min ⎛⎝C1 , C2⎞⎠

PCcheck.hydro ≔ if UC1 ≥ 1 |
‖ “Criteria is not fulfilled” |
‖ |
else if 0.99 < UC1 < 1 |
|
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, optimum wt” |
‖
|
else |
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, not optimized” |
‖ |

PCcheck.hydro = “Criteria is fulfilled, optimum wt”

Wall thickness for PC check tpc.hydro ≡ 4.9 mm

(Hydrotest)

Operational Condition

⎛ pb ⎛⎝t1⎞⎠ pmpt pmpt ⋅ αU ⎞

pit - pe ≤ Min ⎜―――― ; ―― - pe ; ―――⎟
⎝ γm ⋅ γSCPC αspt αmpt ⎠

Wall thickness tpc.op ≔ 12 mm = 0.012 m

Fabrication tolerance (Table 7-20) tfab.op ≔ 0.125 ⋅ tpc.op = 0.001 m

Characteristic Wall Thickness t1.op ≔ tpc.op - tfab.op - tcor = 0.005 m

(Table 5-5)
Material Strength factor αU.op ≔ 0.96 other

Material resistance factor (ULS) γm ≔ 1.15

(Table 5-1)
Safety class resistance factor (ULS) γsc.pc.op ≔ 1.308 High
(Table 5-2)

Characteristic material strength fy ≔ ⎛⎝SMYS - fytemp⎞⎠ ⋅ αU.op = 432 MPa

Characteristic material strength fy ≔ ⎛⎝SMYS - fytemp⎞⎠ ⋅ αU.op = 432 MPa

fu ≔ ⎛⎝SMTS - futemp⎞⎠ ⋅ αU.op = 513.6 MPa

⎛ fu ⎞
fcb ≔ min ⎜fy , ―― ⎟ = 432 MPa
⎝ 1.15 ⎠

External Pressure (Hydrostatic) Pe = 0.794 MPa

2 ⋅ t1.op 2
Pressure containment resistance Pb.op ≔ ――― ⋅ fcb ⋅ ―― = 17.139 MPa
Do - t1.op ‾‾
3

Incidental to Design Pressure Ratio γinc ≔ 1.1

(Table 3-1)
Incidental Pressure Pinc ≔ Pd ⋅ γinc = 12.104 MPa

Local incidental pressure Pli ≔ Pinc - ρop ⋅ g ⋅ ⎛⎝h1 - href⎞⎠ = 12.15 MPa

System pressure test factor (Table 5-8) αspt ≔ 1.05 High

γm ⋅ γsc.pc.op ⋅ 0.96
Mill pressure test factor (Table 5-8) αmpt ≔ ―――――― = 1.251
2
――
‾‾
3

Minimum measured wall thickness tmin.op ≔ t1.op = 0.005 m

Number of stress blocks k ≔ 1.15 with end cap

2 ⋅ tmin.op
Mill pressure test Pmpt ≔ k ⋅ ――――⋅ min ((SMYS ⋅ 0.96 , SMTS ⋅ 0.84))
Do - tmin.op

Pmpt = 17.07 MPa

Pressure containment check

Pb.op Plt
C1.op ≔ ――――= 11.394 MPa C2.op ≔ ―― - Pe = 13.062 MPa
γm ⋅ γsc.pc.op αspt

Pmpt ⋅ αU.op
C3.op ≔ ―――― - Pe = 12.309 MPa
αmpt

Pli - Pe
UC2 ≔ ―――――――― = 0.997
min ⎛⎝C1.op , C2.op , C3.op⎞⎠

PCcheck.op ≔ if UC2 ≥ 1 |
‖ “Criteria is not fulfilled” |
‖ |
else if 0.99 < UC2 < 1 |
|
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, optimum wt” |
‖
|
 PCcheck.op ≔ if UC2 ≥ 1 |
‖ “Criteria is not fulfilled” |
‖ |
else if 0.99 < UC2 < 1 |
|
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, optimum wt” |
‖
|
else |
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, not optimized” |
‖ |

PCcheck.op = “Criteria is fulfilled, optimum wt”

Wall thickness for PC check tpc.op ≡ 8.7 mm

(Operation)

LOCAL BUCKLING - SYSTEM COLLAPSE

(external over pressure)

Installation condition

pc ⎛⎝t1⎞⎠
pe - pmin ≤ ――――
γm ⋅ γSC.LB

Wall thickness tsc.in ≔ 4.04 mm

Characteristic Wall Thickness t2 ≔ tsc.in = 0.004 m extreme load effect

Safety class resistance factor (ULS) γSC.LB ≔ 1.26 High

(Table 5-2)
Material resistance factor (ULS) γm ≔ 1.15
(Table 5-1)
Material Strength factor (Table 5-3) αU.ins ≔ 0.96 other

Characteristic material strength fy = 432 MPa

fu = 513.6 MPa

fcb = 432 MPa

External Pressure (Hydrostatic) Pe = 0.794 MPa

Minimum internal pressure Pmin ≔ 0 MPa

⎛ t2 ⎞ 3
2 ⋅ E ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟
⎜⎝ Do ⎟⎠
Collapse Elastic pressure Pel ≔ ―――――
1 - ν2

Fabrication factor (Table 5-4) αfab ≔ 1 seamless

Fabrication factor (Table 5-4) αfab ≔ 1 seamless

2 ⋅ t2
Collapse Plastic pressure Pp ≔ fy ⋅ αfab ⋅ ――= 12.655 MPa
Do

Ovalisation (section 13.4.11) O0 ≔ 0.03 maximum allowable ovalisation

Analytical Solution for collapse

pressure (section 13.4.7)

b ≔ -Pel = -1.429 MPa

⎛ ⎛ Do ⎞⎞
c ≔ -⎜Pp 2 + ⎜Pp ⋅ Pel ⋅ O0 ⋅ ―― ⎟⎟ = -197.193 MPa
2

⎜⎝ ⎝⎜ t2 ⎟⎠⎟⎠

d ≔ Pel ⋅ Pp 2 = 228.917 MPa 3

1 ⎛ ⎛1 ⎞ ⎞
u ≔ ―⋅ ⎜-⎜―⋅ b 2 ⎟ + c⎟ = -65.958 MPa 2
3 ⎝ ⎝3 ⎠ ⎠

1 ⎛⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ ⎞
v ≔ ―⋅ ⎜⎜― ⋅ b 3 ⎟ - ⎜―⋅ b ⋅ c⎟ + d⎟ = 67.37 MPa 3
2 ⎝⎝ 27 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠ ⎠

⎛ -v ⎞
Φ ≔ acos ⎜――― ⎟ = 97.225 deg
⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾
-u 3 ⎟⎠

⎛ Φ 60 ⋅ π ⎞
y ≔ -2 ⋅ ‾‾‾
-u ⋅ cos ⎜―+ ――⎟ = 0.683 MPa
⎝3 180 ⎠

1
Collapse Pressure Pc ≔ y - ―⋅ b = 1.159 MPa
3

System collapse check

Pc
C1.cp ≔ Pe - Pmin = 0.794 MPa C2.cp ≔ ―――― = 0.8 MPa
γm ⋅ γSC.LB

C1.cp
UC3.cp ≔ ――= 0.993
C2.cp
 PCcheck.ins ≔ if UC3.cp ≥ 1 |
‖ “Criteria is not fulfilled” |
‖ |
else if 0.99 < UC3.cp < 1 |
|
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, optimum wt” |
‖
|
else |
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, not optimized” |
‖ |

PCcheck.ins = “Criteria is fulfilled, optimum wt”

Wall thickness for SC check tsc.in ≡ 4 mm

(Installation)

PROPAGATION BUCKLING

Ppr ⎛⎝t2⎞⎠
Pe - Pmin ≤ ――――
γm ⋅ γSC.LB

Wall Thickness tpb.in ≔ 9.1 mm

Characteristic Wall Thickness t2 ≔ tpb.in - tcor = 0.006 m

Minimum internal pressure Pmin ≔ 0 MPa

External Pressure (Hydrostatic) Pe = 0.794 MPa

Material Strength factor (Table 5-3) αU.ins ≔ 0.96 other

Characteristic material strength fy ≔ 432 MPa

fu = 513.6 MPa

fcb = 432 MPa

Safety class resistance factor (ULS) γSC.LB ≔ 1.26 High

(Table 5-2)

Fabrication factor (Table 5-4) αfab ≔ 1 seamless

 ⎛ t2 ⎞ 2.5
Propagating pressure (Eq. 5.16) Ppr ≔ 35 ⋅ fy ⋅ αfab ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 1.155 MPa
⎜⎝ Do ⎟⎠

Propagation buckling check

Ppr
C1 ≔ Pe - Pmin C2 ≔ ――――
γm ⋅ γSC.LB

C1
UC4.PB ≔ ―― = 0.996
C2

PBcheck.ins ≔ if UC4.PB ≥ 1 |
‖ “Criteria is not fulfilled” |
‖ |
else if 0.99 < UC4.PB < 1 |
|
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, optimum wt” |
‖
|
else |
‖ “Criteria is fulfilled, not optimized” |
‖ |

PBcheck.ins = “Criteria is fulfilled, optimum wt”

Wall thickness for SC check tpb.in ≡ 9.16 mm

(Installation)

Do
Diameter to wall thickness ratio ―― = 44.334
check t2
Do |
DTcheck ≔ if 15 < ―― < 45 |
t2 |
‖ “Thickness is within range” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Thickness is not within range” |
‖ |

DTcheck = “Thickness is within range”

 COMBINED LOAD - LOCAL BUCKLING

Need more information regarding conmcrete weight and free span

SUMMARY

Pressure Containment tpc.hydro = 4.9 mm tpc.op = 8.7 mm

System Collapse tsc.in = 4 mm

Propagation Buckling tpb.in = 9.16 mm

Required Wall thickness t ≔ max ⎛⎝tpc.hydro , tpc.op , tsc.in , tpb.in⎞⎠ = 9.16 mm

Selected Wall Thickness Outside Diameter = 273.1 mm

According API 5L Design wall thickness = 9.3 mm