Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
Quarter 2 (MELC 10) Week 5
February 01-04, 2021

Name of Learner:
Grade Level:
Strand/Track:
Section:
Date : ____________________________________

1.Background Information for Learners

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of the roles and powers of the Executive Branch of the Philippine
government. It will also discuss qualifications, duties, rules of succession and the term of
office for the Judiciary branch.

A. Most Essential Learning Competency

Analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines

Directions/ Instructions

1. Before starting this activity sheet, I want you to set aside other
tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the
simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of
this kit. Have fun!

2. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every

page of this kit.
3. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Remember
that writing enhances learning which is important in developing
our mind.
4. If you have any questions, contact or see your teacher through
messenger or text.
5. Perform all the provided activities.
6. Enjoy studying!
Exercises / Activities
Activity 1 : Let’s Read
Direction : Read and analyze the context about the Local Government Unit

Article V of the 1987 Philippine Constitution: Suffrage

Section 1: Suffrage
• Right and obligation of qualified Filipino citizen to vote in the national and local
elections in the decision of public questions submitted to them.
• Merely a privilege to be given to the citizens by the lawmaking power subject to
constitutional limitations.
• Classified as a political right, such as election, enabling every citizen to participate
in the process of government to assure that it derive its power from the consent governed

Scope of suffrage
1. Election, people choose for definite and fixed periods and to whom they entrust,
from the time being as their representatives, the exercise of powers of government.
2. Initiative, power of the people to propose amendments to the Constitution or to
propose and enact legislation (Constitution, Statutes, Local Legislation).
3. Referendum, power of the electorate to approve or reject legislation through an
election called for the purpose (Statutes and Local Law).
4. Plebiscite, popular vote of the people expressing their view within their choice for or
against a proposed law submitted to them.
5. Recall, a public officer may be removed from the office during their tenure or before
the expiration of the term by a vote of the people after registration of a petition signed by
a required percentage of the qualified voter.
Types of election
1. Regular, election of officers either nationwide or in certain sub-divisions thereof,
after the expiration of the full term of the former officers.
2. Special, held to fill a vacancy in office before the expiration of the full term for
which the incumbent was elected.
Qualification of voters
1. Citizen of the Philippines (male or female)
2. Not otherwise disqualified by law
3. At least 18 years of age
4. Resided in the Philippines for at least one year and in the place wherein they
propose to vote for at least six months preceding the election.
Who are disqualified to vote?
1. Person sentenced by final judgment to suffer imprisonment for not less than one
year, such disability not having removed by plenary pardon or granted amnesty. But
such person shall automatically require to vote upon expiration of five years after service
of the sentence.
2. Person adjudged by final judgment by competent court or tribunal having
committed any crime involving disloyalty to the duly constituted government such as
rebellion, sedition or any crime against national security, unless restored to full civil and
political rights in accordance with the law. Such person shall likewise automatically
regain the right to vote upon expiration of five years after the service of sentence.
3. Insane or incompetent persons as declared by competent authority. This person is
not qualified to vote even if they have the necessary qualifications.
Section 2: Secrecy and Sanctity of votes
• Congress is directed by the constitution to provide a system for securing the secrecy
and sanctity of the ballot.
• Congress will have to enact a law prescribing procedures that will enable the
disabled and the illiterates to secretly cast their ballots without requiring the assistance
of the other persons, to prevent them from being manipulated by unscrupulous
politicians.
• Extends the suffrage to Filipinos abroad provided they shall possess all the
qualifications mention therein and none of the disqualification provided by law.
Political Party
• Group of people organized for the purpose of winning government power by
electoral or other means.
• Voluntary association of individuals who advocate certain principles or policies as
superior to all others for the general conduct of government and which nominates and
supports certain of its leaders as electoral candidates.
Characteristics
• Organized structure of authority and power distribution
• Seek to attract popular support in the form of votes
• Seeks political power directly through electoral method
• Prepared to support a candidate and fight for victory in election
Party membership
• Formal attachment to political party
• Usually involving the assumption of obligations to the party and receiving privileges
from the party
Membership rules:
• Apply formally and party officials can accept or reject application
• Must at least pay annual dues and sometimes take an oath to support party’s
principles and candidates

Functions of political parties

• Leadership recruitment
• Coordinate policy
• Mobilize voters
• Provide accountability
 • Nominate candidates
• Contest election
• Form governments
Principal activities of political party
• Selecting candidates
• Election campaigning
• Nominate candidates
• Inform and activate supporters
• Act as bonding agent
• Govern
• Act as watchdog
Policy formulation
• Campaigning
• Governing
Types of Political party
• Major parties, correspond typically to traditional parties
• Minor parties or party-list organization, rely on the party-list system to win
Congressional seats
• Regional or Provincial parties, correspond to a region-wide or province-wide
organization
Minor parties play several important roles
• Spoiler
• Critic
• innovator

Kinds of party system

Type of party Definition Advantages Disadvantages

One party Only one party
holds the power
Two-party system Turn over system Ensures stability Decline into
and simplicity in monotonous
the change of political game
government wherein
politicians yield
to corruption and
patronage of each
other
Multi-party More than two May more Occasionally
system political parties honestly instability and
fight during represent the inaction
election various shades of
political opinions

Political Party in the Philippines

• Diverse in ideologies and plentiful in number
• Most of these parties do not have grassroots membership among ordinary
voters but rather of political figure and leaders

Activity 2 : Synopsis!
Direction: Summarize what you have learned in this lesson in ten (10)- fifteen (15)
sentences about the nature of elections and political parties in the Philippines.

Nature of Elections and Political Parties in the Philippines

Activity 3 : Let’s Vote it!

Directions : Which among the roles of the Local Government Unit stated below, is
the most important to you as a student? Write at least 5 sentences.

1. What is your opinion/point of view on the

picture. (10 points)

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

2. If you are given a chance to vote for the

previous Presidential Election. Who among them
you will choose? Why? (10 points)
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

3. What is your opinion/point of view on the picture.

(10points)
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

REFLECTION
EXIT SLIP

The learners, in their notebook, journal or portfolio, will write their personal insights
about the lesson using the prompts below.

I understand that______________________.

I realize that __________________.

-------End of Week 5------

 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
Quarter 2 (MELC 11) Week 6
February 08-11, 2021

A. Most Essential Learning Competency

Explain the concept, role, and contributions of civil society societies and social
movements to Philippine democracy

Exercises / Activities
Activity 1 : Let’s Read
Direction : Read and analyze the context about the the concept, role, and
contributions of civil society societies and social movements to Philippine democracy.

CIVIL SOCIETY

It is a much debated political idea pertaining to “Space, arena, sector” situated between the state
and market. It is the sum total of civil institutions and citizen’s organizations separate and
independent from the state and private business.

Haywood (2000) describe Civil Society as “Realm of autonomous groups and associations
.”Reflecting the Public and private divide”.

Civil Society is a crucial factor in development and shaping of events in a country. It can
influence both government and economy. It can unravel , weaken, or even destroy governement and
state sructures.

Today, Philippine civil society organizations are widely seen as some of the most vibrant and advanced
in the world. The Philippines has the largest number of NGOs per capita in Asia, and many believe that if
civil society has contributed to democratization anywhere, it is in the Philippines. Many of the key
international NGOs and networks are based in the Philippines and headed

Unique features of a Civil Society are:

1. Institutional space
2. A distinc realm of values
3. Institutional mechanism

There are many types of CSOs in the country,the more important types are
1. People’s organizations
2. Development NGO’s
3. Cooperatives

People’s organizations
People’s organizations are membership organizations representing marginalized groups and often organized
based on sector, issue, or geographical area.

Development NGO’s
Development NGOs act as intermediate agencies and institutions that typically operate with a full-time staff
complement and provide a wide range of services to primary organizations, communities, and individuals.

Cooperatives
A cooperative is an association of persons who have voluntarily joined together to make “equitable
contributions to the capital required, patronizing their products and services and accepting a fair share of the
risks and benefits of the undertaking in accordance with universally accepted cooperative principles:

• It is difficult to put a definite number to all the CSOs in the country, partly because many are
unregistered, but also because there is no single official and updated database on those that register with
government agencies
• In addition, studies that attempt to count civil society groups use various definitions and may
therefore include or exclude various types of CSOs
• The range of registered and non-registered CSOs at 249,000–497,000.It was estimated that 40% of
these organizations were non-registered.

CSO’s in the Philippines

Engage in a broad range of activities:
1. Education
2. Community development
3. Enterprise development and employment generation
4. Health and nutrition;
5. Law, advocacy, and politics
6. Sustainable development

The Most fundamental attributes of CSOs are:

1. They are voluntay
2. They are non-govermental
3. They are non-profit

The Legal Framework for Civil Society

The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, forged and shaped in the after month of the 1986 People
Power Revolution, clearly recognizes participation and empowerment, including the important role of CSOs.
This may be seen in several provisions of the Constitution, most prominently in the following:
Article II, Section 23: “The State shall encouragenon-governmental, community-based, or sector organizations
that promote the welfare of the nation.”

Article XIII, Section 15: “The State shall respect the role of independent people’s organizations to
enable the people to pursue and protect, within the democratic framework, their legitimate andcollective
interests and aspirations through peaceful and lawful means

Article XIII, Section 16: “The right of the people and their organizations to effective and reasonable
participation at all levels of social, political and economic decision-making shall not be abridged.The State
shall, by law, facilitate the establishment of adequate consultation mechanisms.

Another important law for CSOs

Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act of 1997

Which created the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), a coordination and oversight body
headed by the president of the country to ensure that social reform addresses the basic inequities in
Philippine society. It is composed of the heads of 14 major government departments, the presidents of local
government leagues, and 14 basic sector representatives. The 14 sector representatives are elected by and
accountable to assemblies of sector CSOs and their elected sector council.

NGO Principles, Mandates, and Standards

The large number of NGOs has given rise to concerns about the ability of the government to regulate
all these organizations and to ensure that resources channeled to them are actually being used for their
declared goals and objectives.

CODE-NGO’s Code of Conduct for Development NGOs is a manifestation of the CSO community’s
commitment to promote professionalism and accountability in its operations. The Code of Conduct has since
been signed by over 1,000 NGOs and was recently updated to provide for clearer enforcement mechanisms.10
It further calls on the Philippine development NGO community to adopt the principles, goals, and provisions
embodied in the Code of Conduct.

• The PCNC’s certification process is one of the very few government-recognized NGO certification
systems in the world and has been the subject of discussion and possible replication by NGOs in different
countries. It ensures professionalism, accountability, and transparency within the NGO and nonprofit sector
in the Philippines by providing a Seal of Good Housekeeping, which will hopefully also help identify NGOs of
good standing for funding agencies and partners.

Factors which Facilitated the Pursuit of Civil Society Advocacies

1. The nature of the political dispensation as was seen in the country’s transitioning from authoritarianism to
democracy.
2. Nature of the leadership.
3. The global environment

General Impact of Civil Society on the Philippine Political Landscape

1.The generation of interest and participation in the advocacies of civil society. Thus, it is able to build its
constituencies.
2. Forging of CSO alliances with government agencies allies in the executive and legislative branches of
government.
3. Institutionalization of CSO advocacies within government policy-making.
4. Institutionalization of CSO advocacies in the international arena.
5. Constitutional reforms.
Philippine Civil Society Organizations
An often-used definition of civil society and how it can be differentiated from the state and the business sector
is that “the State concerns public action for public good, the Market is about private action for private good,
while civil society is private action for public good.

Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Bayan)

Bayan was created in 1985 by more than 1,000 mass organizations. It fights for national and social liberation
against imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucrat capitalism. Bayan fights for the nationalistic and democratic
needs of the people through legal and militant forms of struggle, and, though it does not participate in armed
struggle, Bayan respects the right of others to take such an option

SOCIAL MOVEMENT

Defined as a particular form of collective behavior wherein the impetus to act comes from the
attitudes and aspirations of its members. Rather than necessitating a formal membership, being a member
of a social movement demands deep-seated conviction and commitment.

Social movements are a specific type of group action in which large informal groups of individuals or
organizations work for or against change in specific political or social issues.
For Hague and Harrop, Social Movements consist of people from outside the mainstream who come together
to seek a common objective through an unorthodox challenge to existing political order.
Social Movements seek to introduce what they believe are reforms and positive changes to the existing order.

Classification of social movement

1. Reformative social movements

A reformative social movement advocates for minor changes instead of radical changes.

For example, revolutionary movements can scale down their demands and agree to share powers with others,
becoming a political party.

2. Revolutionary social movements

Revolutionary movement is a specific type of social movement dedicated to carrying out revolutionary reforms
and gain some control of the state. If they do not aim for an exclusive control, they are not revolutionary.

3. Redemptive social movements

A redemptive social movement is radical in scope but focused on the individual.

An individual-focused movement seeks to affect individuals

• Methods of Work: Peaceful movements utilize techniques such as nonviolent resistance and civil
disobedience. Violent movements resort to violence when seeking social change.
• Range: Global movements, such as Communism in the early 20th century, have transnational
objectives. Local movements are focused on local or regional objectives such as preserving an historic building
or protecting a natural habitat

Difference between social movement and a spontaneous mass action:

• A social movement carries with it an action contemplated to fulfill a recognized social goal.
• A spontaneous mass action seeks to unsettle or overthrow the existing political order, like EDSA
revolts.

According to Haywood (2207), New Social Movements are different from the Traditional Movements in 3 aspects:
1. The supporters of new social movement are young, better -educated, and relatively affluent, rather
than oppressed and disadvantaged.
2. The supporters of new social movements are more concerned with the quality of life, rather than with
economic advancement.
3. The supporters of new social movements are adherent of common new left values and beliefs, while the
traditional have diverse interests and rarely works.

The Role and Contributions of Civil Society Organizations and Social Movement
1. Civil Society Organizations and Social Movements lead the fight against government abuse. Without
the help and active involvement of these groups, many government anomalies would not be uncovered and
remain enacted upon.
2. Civil society organizations and social movements inspire reforms in, and positive changes to, the
rigid structures of government.
3. They promote worthy causes. They also educate people on the value of ensuring the survival and
propagation of endangered life.
4. They promote an avenue for dialogue and consensus rather than open confrontation and
violence. They stand in the way of radical and violent movements and ideologies.
5. They help redirect government priorities and policies. These groups constitute pressure blocs
which help the government draft its plan of action.

Activity 2 : Let’s finish it!

Direction: 5 points each. Answer the following :

1. Civil Society is ________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Social Movement define as ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Civil Society is important because ____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The role of civil society and social movement are (1)_________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
(2.)________________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3: Make a Plan

As a supporter of new social movement, make a plan how to help the economic/social issues
that the Philippines is experiencing right now. You may share this plan in your community.

Choices:
Example PUV modernization
ABS-CBN Closure
Jobless Individual due to Pandemic
LGBT community
Education Modalities
Health Safety

Sample Template :

Plan/ Project Title : Proponent : (your name)

Plan Description : Rubrics:

*Content : 20 points

*Importance to the
community : 30
points

=50 points

Romans 15:13
May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him, so that you may overflow
with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.

Prepared by : Noted by :

CAMILLE V. UMALI ELMER G. SAMARITA

Teacher Principal I

CAMILLE VIRTUSIO UMALI

09079060840/09531342105

camille.virtusio@deped.gov.ph