CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION
Rationale

  Safety and security is largely about prevention and planning ahead, meaning that school
safety professionals should plan ahead, as the world unveils its greatest challenge in the 20th
Century, people, and community, government, economy, education, services and business
sectors are the most affected in this time of global crises In order to support compliance with
national or local recommendations, applying physical distance guidelines in a way that is
practical and possible in the environment of work tasks, and which is suitable to both workers
and employers. Stimulate staff to accommodate physical distancing norms additionally at events
outside the work, within the community.

Risk assessment and consultation between employers and workers is very important for
setting up and implementing physical distancing measures at the workplace. This may need
modification of workstations, dynamic the utilization of common areas and transport vehicles,
staggered work shifts, split groups and alternative measures to scale back social intermixture at
the geographic point. If physical distancing measures at the workplace are not feasible for
specific work tasks, consider whether the work can be suspended, and if this is not possible,
apply additional protective measures, such as the use of screens, sneeze guards, face masks,
enhanced hand hygiene, ventilation and disinfection Physical distancing alone can’t forestall
COVID-19 transmission, it's vital that it's combined with alternative public health measures, like
hand and metastasis hygiene, environmental clean-up and medical care of commonly touched
surfaces and objects, ventilation, wearing face masks and a policy of staying at home if unwell. 

Measures to prevent transmission of Corona virus disease that apply to all workplaces
and all people at the workplace include frequent hand-washing or disinfection with alcohol based
hand sanitizer, respiratory hygiene like covering coughs, physical distancing of a minimum of
one meter or a lot of per the national recommendations, sporting of masks wherever distancing
isn't doable, regular environmental cleansing and disinfection, and limiting unnecessary travel.
Clear policies and messages, training, and education for staff and managers to increase
awareness of the virus are essential. The management of individuals with COVID-19 or their
contacts is additionally crucial for example, requiring workers who are unwell or who develop
symptoms to stay at home, self-isolate and contact a medical professional or the local COVID-19
disease information line for advice on testing and referral.
 Cebu is one of the fastest-growing cities where a lot of people going to their designated
duties. The University of Cebu-Banilad Campus, being a school institution, should take care not
only of the learning needs of the students but also their safety needs. The protection of workers
and educational facilities is particularly significant. Precautions are necessary to prevent the
potential spread of COVID-19 in school settings; however, care must also be taken to avoid
stigmatizing working students, maintenance, guards, non-teaching staff, who may have been
exposed to the virus. It is necessary to recollect that COVID-19 doesn't differentiate between
borders, ethnicities, incapacity standing, age, or gender. Education settings should continue to be
welcoming, respectful, inclusive, and supportive environments to all.
Workplaces for jobs at medium risk require daily cleaning and disinfection at least two
times a day of objects and surfaces that are touched regularly, including all offices, surfaces,
floors, bathrooms. Consider suspending any activity where physical distancing of at least 1 meter
cannot be implemented in full. If this is not possible, increase ventilation, implement enhanced
regular hand hygiene, and require staff to wear appropriate face masks, goggles, gloves and work
clothes during cleaning procedures that generate splashes, providing training on their use.
Organize ever-changing and laundry of labor garments at the work, so staff to try and do take
them home.
Measures taken by schools can prevent the entry and spread of COVID-19 being a
student of the University of Cebu-Banilad Campus enrolled at the College of Criminology,
safety, and precautions are very important. This study is led to the extent of the safety and
protective measure in the University and formulate a strategy to improve further its operation.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND [separate page]

 This study is anchored on Safety Management that includes, plans, methods, strategies,
and procedures for which there is managing progress, enactment, and ongoing regulation. They
are generally structured in writing and issued as approved documents that state duty, roles, tasks,
responsibilities, and authorities. Safety Management follows the system that can be theorized as
universal information ideas. (Klein et al., 2000). [Is Safety Management a theory?]
The anchored theory support by [It must be that the study is supported by a theory not
the one you mentioned] (Bliese et al.,2000) described the information and ideas as being top-
down and essentially within the control of organizational managers. The safety management
system follows the perceptual process workers such as safety climate and safety management
commitment (Guldemund et al., 2010).
According to (Lord et al, 2017). Safety Management commitment is focused on clear,
reliable, transparent, and direct, communication to all workers at all levels of management
regarding policies, programs, and practices that protect workers. Several researchers have
defined safety performance based on their research nature and framework. Previous study
definitions recommended the meaning of safety performance regarding the set of rules,
regulations, and activities for improving organization safety procedures (Xia et al., 2018).
Promoting the safety and welfare of the employee. The safety administration should develop
and establish the goals of safety, in the application the safety management the employee
must follow the health protocol to avoid the transmission of the disease, safety is for
everyone's responsibility, be mindful, make a safety habit, and lastly encouraging the safety
and health of the employee. (Zahoor et al., 2017). Some studies show how safety
performance can help to ensure the level of safety in the community it's either in field or
non-field with the support of the different organizations. (Gunduz et al., 2018).
The IATF “Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious
Diseases Omnibus Guidelines on the Implementation of Community Quarantine in the
Philippines with amendments as of October 08 2020, recommend during this phase,
residents are still required to follow the government's implemented protocol, especially
staying at home for people who are considered vulnerable and transmitters. Currently some
regions in the Philippines implementing Enhance Community Quarantine, Modified
Enhance Community Quarantine, and General Community Quarantine to ensure the safety
and security of the people. In transportation here in Philippines the jeepneys and bus are
now allowed but not in a full capacity the people must wear a face mask, a face shield and
bring along the travel pass so that they can travel, all business industries are now allowed to
operate up to 75% and must follow the strict safety health protocol (GOVPH 2020).

THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Study

This study aims the effectiveness of safety and security measures to avoid the spread of
the Corona Virus Disease to the employees and working scholar who reports for duty under this
pandemic. The results of which would help the school to continue the practice of social
distancing, wearing a face mask, wearing a face shield, and applying sanitizer to prevent the
spreading of the virus.

Specifically, the research required to answer the following questions:

1. In terms of hygiene and cleaning, what steps should you put in place?
2. What is the status of the application on effectiveness of safety and security measures in the
University?
3. Is there any transportation to the employee and working scholars for their safety?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the respondent's position and their assessment of the
implementation regarding the effectiveness of safety and security measure during the Covid-19
virus disease?
5. Based on the results of the study, what are the other safety measures?

Statement of the Null Hypothesis:

Tested at ≤ 0.05 level, there is no significant relationship between the respondents'

position and their assessment on the status of effectiveness of safety and security measures of the
University of Cebu-Banilad Campus in the prevention against Covid-19 pandemic.

Significance of the Study

This study will be useful to the following:

Security Personnel – This would serve as a self-evaluating development procedure to enhance

the effectiveness and efficiency to maintain the safety of health protocol to the personnel and
gives knowledge on their possible area of gaps that will monitor.

Staff – This would assure that they will follow the safety health procedure.

Non-Teaching Staff - This would assure that they will follow the safety health practice.

Maintenance – This would give them idea on how to properly sanitize the school premises.

Working Scholars – This would assure that they will follow the safety health protocol to ensure
their safety.

School Administrator – This study would serve as the basis and monitor the safety of the
personnel that will lead to develop the safety health protocol standard.

Researchers – This would help the researchers to formulate the appropriate reference created on
result of the research.

Future Researchers – This study would be useful as a basis for the future researcher.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study applied a quantitative method of research using descriptive-correlation design.
Researcher-made questioners were used in collecting information in evaluating the status of
implementation of effectiveness of safety and security measures of the University of Cebu-
Banilad during the Covid-19 pandemic- the status of implementation.

INPUT OUTPUT PROCESS

1: Research Flow

Research Environment
This study was conducted at the University of Cebu-Banilad Campus, College of
Criminology.

Research Respondents
 There were 60 respondents considered in this study. Twenty (20) from the working
students, 20 from Non-Teaching, and another 20 from Maintenance of the University of Cebu-
Banilad Campus.

Research Instrument
The researcher-made questionnaire was used in collecting of information as the primary
source of data collection. The first part of the questionnaire was designed to capture the profile
of the respondents as to their name (optional) and occupation. The second part was designed to
determine the status of implementation on effectiveness of safety and security measures of
University of Cebu-Banilad campus in the prevention against covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, the
instrument applied the following respondents described next.

Responses Description
Implemented This means that the respondents agree with the indicator
On the safety and security measures health protocol implemented.
Not Implemented This means that the respondents disagree with the indicator on safety
with the indicator on the safety and security measures health protocol
implemented.

Dry-run Procedures
The reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was studied by conducting a dry-run
procedure. The researchers sent a transmittal letter to the Dean of the College of Criminology for
permission to conduct a dry-run. Upon consent of the letter, the researchers started to survey the
University of Cebu-Banilad Campus. After this, the researchers generally distributed the
questionnaire among the (20) working scholar (20) non-teaching staff (20) cleaning professionals
to answer the said questioned. The completion of the questionnaire enables the researchers to
formulate responses. The responses were then laid open to a reliability test. As a result, the
researchers directly proceed to the actual management survey.

Research Procedures
 In gathering the data of this research, the researcher followed steps in attaining desired
results. Before the study started, the researcher sent transmittal letters to the University Campus
Director and the College of Criminology. Upon approval, the researcher distributed copies of the
survey questionnaire to the respondents. The researchers then formulated and subjected the data
for statistical analyses.

Statistical Treatment
The responses to the questionnaire were collected the following descriptive and
inferential statistics were employed to help the ease of analyses and interpretation of results.
A simple percent was calculated to uncover the profile of the respondents. Moreover, simple
percent was used to analyze the implementation of the effectiveness of safety and security
measures of the University of Cebu-Banilad Campus during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Chi-square and Cramer's V were computed to determine the significant relationship
between the respondents' profile and the perceived level of performance to the implementation
regarding the effectiveness of safety and security measures of the University of Cebu-Banilad
Campus during the Covid-19 pandemic.

DEFINATION OF TERMS

Pandemic - (of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world.

Covid-19 - (coronavirus) - any of a group of RNA viruses that cause a variety of diseases in
humans and other animals.
Safety and Security - Safety is the condition of being protected from harm or other non-
desirable outcomes, caused by non-intentional failure. Security is the condition of being
protected from harm or other non-desirable outcomes caused by intentional human actions or
human behavior.
Safety Management - is a management system designed to manage safety elements in the
workplace. It includes policy, objectives, plans, procedures, organization, responsibilities and
other measures
Status of implementation on safety and security measures – This refers to the application of
the security measures in the University based on the collected data.
Occupation of the respondents – This refers to the respondents in terms of their occupation as
to staff, non-teaching staff, working scholars, and maintenance.
Proposed action plan – This refers to the guidelines in safety health protocol and
implementation of the safety and security measures in times of pandemic which serve as a
solution to the health issue.

References
E – JOURNALS
Klein, K.J, and Kozlowski, S.W.J (Eds.). (2000) Multilevel theory, research, and methods in
organization: Foundations, extensions, and new directions. Jossey-Bass
Paul D Bliese, Steve M Jex Journal of occupational health psychology 7 (3) ,265, 2002
Frank W Guldenmund Understanding and exploring safety culture Uitgeverij boxpress,
Oisterwijk,2010 Design and typesetting: jules guldenmund layout and text, The Hague Printed
by: Proefschriftmaken.nl Printourthesis.com
Lord, R. G., Day, D. V., Zaccaro, S. J., Avolio, B. J., & Eagly, A. H. (2017). Leadership in
applied psychology: Three waves of theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102,
434–451. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000089
GOVPH. 2020. ECQ and GCQ Guidelines.http://www.covid19.gov.ph/ecq-gcq-
guidelines/ Retrieved July 18, 2020,
Xia, N., Griffin, M. A., Wang, X., Liu, X., & Wang, D. (2018). Is there agreement between
worker self and supervisor assessment of worker safety performance? An examination in the
construction industry. Journal of safety research, 65, 29-37
Zahoor, H., Chan, A. P., Utama, W. P., Gao, R., & Zafar, I. (2017). Modeling the relationship
between safety climate and safety performance in a developing construction industry: a cross-
cultural validation study. International journal of environmental research and public health,
14(4), 351.
Gunduz, M., & Laitinen, H. (2018). Observation based safety performance indexing method for
construction industry– validation with SMEs. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(2), 440-
446.
INTERNET SOURCES

https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/key-messages-and-actions-for-covid-19-
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https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/20200302_COVID19.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457513002972#bib0160
https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=485ead06-2675-4c68-aa0a-07d0cb5a2174
New reference:
https://www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com/export/nieuws/coronavirus-situation-philippines
https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/200804%20COVID-19%20Philippines
%20HRP%20August%20Revision.pdf