Computer Graphics: Image Arithmetic

Escuela Profesional de
Ciencia de la Computación
ICC Fase 1
Computer graphics
Image Arithmetic
MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda
Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa
May 16, 2020
MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 1 / 29

Overview
1 Introduction
Objectives
2 Pixel multiplication
Definition
Examples
3 Pixel division
Definition
Change detection
Change detection
vmachacaa@unsa.edu.pe
4 Blending
Definition

Introduction Objectives
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Objectives
Definition
Examples
3 Pixel division
Definition
Change detection
Change detection
4 Blending
Definition

Objectives
Understand about the arithmetic between images.


Objectives
Understand about the arithmetic between images.

Learn addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and
blending between images.

Pixel multiplication Definition
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Objectives
Definition
Examples
3 Pixel division
Definition
Change detection
Change detection
4 Blending
Definition

Pixel multiplication
Definition
The first form takes two input images and produces an output
image in which the pixel values are just those of the first image,
multiplied by the values of the corresponding values in the
second image. The second form takes a single input image and
produces output in which each pixel value is multiplied by a
specified constant.

Definition
Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j) ∗ P2 (i, j) (1)


Definition
Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j) ∗ P2 (i, j) (1)
Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j) ∗ C (2)


Pixel multiplication Examples
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Objectives
Definition
Examples
3 Pixel division
Definition
Change detection
Change detection
4 Blending
Definition

Examples
Figure: Original image. Figure: Original image * 3.

Examples

Examples


Pixel division Definition
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Objectives
Definition
Examples
3 Pixel division
Definition
Change detection
Change detection
4 Blending
Definition

Pixel division
Definition
The image division operator normally takes two images as input

and produces a third whose pixel values are just the pixel values
of the first image divided by the corresponding pixel values of
the second image.

Pixel division
Definition
Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j)/P2 (i, j) (3)


Pixel division
Definition
Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j)/P2 (i, j) (3)
Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j)/C (4)


Pixel division Change detection
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Objectives
Definition
Examples
3 Pixel division
Definition
Change detection
Change detection
4 Blending
Definition

Pixel division
Change detection
We could use division to detect changes between frames.

Figure: Frame 1. Figure: Frame 2.

Pixel division
Change detection
Figure: (Frame 1 / Frame 2)*30. Figure: After contrast stretching.

Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Objectives
Definition
Examples
3 Pixel division
Definition
Change detection
Change detection
4 Blending
Definition

Pixel division
Segmentation of Characters
Suppose we want to segment the characters, the result will be:

Figure: Photo. Figure: Thresholding (θ = 127).

Pixel division
newMax − newMin
I 0 = (I − min) + newMin
max − min
Figure: Division and scaling to [0-255]

Pixel division
Figure: Division. Figure: Thresholding (θ = 170).

Blending Definition
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Objectives
Definition
Examples
3 Pixel division
Definition
Change detection
Change detection
4 Blending
Definition

Blending Definition
Blending
Definition
This operator forms a blend of two input images of the same

size. Similar to pixel addition, the value of each pixel in the
output image is a linear combination of the corresponding pixel
values in the input images. The coefficients of the linear
combination are user-specified.
Q(i, j) = X ∗ P1 (i, j) + (1 − X ) ∗ P2 (i, j) (5)


Blending Definition
Blending
Examples
Figure: The images for blending

Blending Definition
Blending
Examples
Figure: Blending with X = 0.25.

Blending Definition
Blending
Examples

Blending Definition
Blending
Examples

Blending Definition
Blending
Examples
Figure: Blending.

Blending Definition
Questions?

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Escuela Profesional de

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda

Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa

May 16, 2020

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 1 / 29

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 2 / 29

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 3 / 29

Understand about the arithmetic between images.

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 4 / 29

Understand about the arithmetic between images.

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 4 / 29

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 5 / 29

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 6 / 29

Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j) ∗ P2 (i, j) (1)

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 7 / 29

Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j) ∗ P2 (i, j) (1)

Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j) ∗ C (2)

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 7 / 29

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 8 / 29

Figure: Original image. Figure: Original image * 3.

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 9 / 29

Figure: Original image. Figure: Original image * 3.

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 10 / 29

Figure: Original image. Figure: Original image * 3.

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 11 / 29

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 12 / 29

The image division operator normally takes two images as input

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 13 / 29

Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j)/P2 (i, j) (3)

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 14 / 29

Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j)/P2 (i, j) (3)

Q(i, j) = P1 (i, j)/C (4)

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 14 / 29

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 15 / 29

We could use division to detect changes between frames.

Figure: Frame 1. Figure: Frame 2.

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 16 / 29

Figure: (Frame 1 / Frame 2)*30. Figure: After contrast stretching.

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 17 / 29

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 18 / 29

Suppose we want to segment the characters, the result will be:

Figure: Photo. Figure: Thresholding (θ = 127).

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 19 / 29

Figure: Division and scaling to [0-255]

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 20 / 29

Figure: Division. Figure: Thresholding (θ = 170).

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 21 / 29

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 22 / 29

This operator forms a blend of two input images of the same

Q(i, j) = X ∗ P1 (i, j) + (1 − X ) ∗ P2 (i, j) (5)

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 23 / 29

Figure: The images for blending

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 24 / 29

Figure: Blending with X = 0.25.

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 25 / 29

Figure: Blending with X = 0.5.

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 26 / 29

Figure: Blending with X = 0.75.

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