Escuela Profesional de

Ciencia de la Computación

ICC Fase 1

Computer graphics
Raster Images

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda

Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa

April 17, 2021

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 1 / 31

 Overview

1 Raster Images
Definition

2 Raster devices
Classification
Display devices
Hardcopy devices
Input devices

3 Image Pixels
vmachacaa@unsa.edu.pe

Pixels

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 Raster Images Definition

Table of Contents

1 Raster Images
Definition

2 Raster devices
Classification
Display devices
Hardcopy devices
Input devices

3 Image Pixels
vmachacaa@unsa.edu.pe

Pixels

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 Raster Images Definition

Raster Images
Definition

A raster image is simply a 2D array that stores the pixel value for
each pixel, usually a color stored as three numbers, for red,
green, and blue [1].
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MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 4 / 31

 Raster devices Classification

Table of Contents

1 Raster Images
Definition

2 Raster devices
Classification
Display devices
Hardcopy devices
Input devices

3 Image Pixels
vmachacaa@unsa.edu.pe

Pixels

MSc. Vicente Machaca Arceda (UNSA) 1704146 5 / 31

 Raster devices Classification

Raster devices

Output
Display
Transmissive: liquid crystal display (LCD).
Emissive: light-emitting diode (LED) display.
Hardcopy.
Binary: ink-jet printer.
Continuous tone: dye sublimation printer.

input
2D array sensor: digital camera.
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1D array sensor: flatbed scanner.

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 Raster devices Display devices

Table of Contents

1 Raster Images
Definition

2 Raster devices
Classification
Display devices
Hardcopy devices
Input devices

3 Image Pixels
vmachacaa@unsa.edu.pe

Pixels

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 Raster devices Display devices

Raster devices
Display

There are two types

Emissive display (LED, AMOLED).

Transmissive displays (LCD).
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 Raster devices Display devices

Raster devices
Display - Emissive light

Light-emitting diode (LED) displays are an example of the

emissive type. Each pixel is composed of one or more LEDs.

Figure: The operation of light-emitting diode (LED) display. Source: [1]

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 Raster devices Display devices

Raster devices
Display - Emissive light
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Figure: The red, green, and blue subpixels within a pixel of a flat-panel
display. Source: [1]

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 Raster devices Display devices

Raster devices
Display - Transmissive light

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are an example of the

transmissive type. A liquid crystal is a material whose molecular
structure enables it to rotate the polarization of light that passes
through it.
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Figure: LCD displays. Source: [1]

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 Raster devices Hardcopy devices

Table of Contents

1 Raster Images
Definition

2 Raster devices
Classification
Display devices
Hardcopy devices
Input devices

3 Image Pixels
vmachacaa@unsa.edu.pe

Pixels

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 Raster devices Hardcopy devices

Hardcopy devices
Ink-jet printer
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Figure: The operation of an ink-jet printer. Source: [1]

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 Raster devices Hardcopy devices

Hardcopy devices
Dye transfer printer
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Figure: The operation of a thermal dye transfer printer. Source: [1]

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 Raster devices Input devices

Table of Contents

1 Raster Images
Definition

2 Raster devices
Classification
Display devices
Hardcopy devices
Input devices

3 Image Pixels
vmachacaa@unsa.edu.pe

Pixels

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 Raster devices Input devices

Hardcopy devices
Dye transfer printer

A digital camera is an example of a 2D array input device. The

image sensor in a camera is a semiconductor device with a grid
of light-sensitive pixels.
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Figure: The operation of a digital camera. Source: [1]

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Table of Contents

1 Raster Images
Definition

2 Raster devices
Classification
Display devices
Hardcopy devices
Input devices

3 Image Pixels
vmachacaa@unsa.edu.pe

Pixels

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels
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Figure: Image example.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels
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Figure: Image example.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels
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Figure: Image example.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels

Figure: According to the numbers of bit, we could get different intensity

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colours.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels

¿How many intensity we normally used in images?

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels
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Figure: Image example in 256 gray levels.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels
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Figure: Image example in 32 gray levels.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels
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Figure: Image example in 16 gray levels.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels
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Figure: Image example in 8 gray levels.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels
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Figure: Image example in 4 gray levels.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Images
Pixels
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Figure: Image example in 2 gray levels.

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 Image Pixels Pixels

Questions

Quizziz.
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 Image Pixels Pixels

References I

S. Marschner and P. Shirley, Fundamentals of computer

graphics. CRC Press, 2018.
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 Image Pixels Pixels

Questions?
vmachacaa@unsa.edu.pe

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