3.

1 Thermal 2020 [16 marks]

1. An insulated tube is filled with a large number n of lead spheres, each of [1 mark]
mass m . The tube is inverted s times so that the spheres completely fall
through an average distance L each time. The temperature of the spheres is
measured before and after the inversions and the resultant change in
temperature is ΔT.
What is the specific heat capacity of lead?

sgL
A.
nmΔ T
sgL
B. ΔT
sgL
C.
nΔT
gL
D.
mΔT
2. A liquid of mass m and specific heat capacity c cools. The rate of change [1 mark]
of the temperature of the liquid is k. What is the rate at which thermal
energy is transferred from the liquid?
A. mc
k
k
B. mc

C. 1
kmc
D. kmc

3. A 700 W electric heater is used to heat 1 kg of water without energy [1 mark]
losses. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 kJ kg–1 K–1. What is the
time taken to heat the water from 25 °C to 95 °C?

A. 7 s
B. 30 s
C. 7 minutes
D. 420 minutes

4. The graph shows how the temperature of a liquid varies with time when [1 mark]
energy is supplied to the liquid at a constant rate P. The gradient of the
graph is K and the liquid has a specific heat capacity c.

What is the mass of the liquid?

P
A.
cK
PK
B. c
Pc
C.
K
cK
D.
P
5. A 1.0 kW heater supplies energy to a liquid of mass 0.50 kg. The [1 mark]
temperature of the liquid changes by 80 K in a time of 200 s. The specific
heat capacity of the liquid is 4.0 kJ kg–1 K–1. What is the average power lost by the
liquid?
A. 0
B. 200 W
C. 800 W
D. 1600 W

6. The fraction of the internal energy that is due to molecular vibration [1 mark]
varies in the different states of matter. What gives the order from highest
fraction to lowest fraction of internal energy due to molecular vibration?
A. liquid > gas > solid
B. solid > liquid > gas
C. solid > gas > liquid
D. gas > liquid > solid

7. When 1800 J of energy is supplied to a mass m of liquid in a container, [1 mark]

the temperature of the liquid and the container changes by 10 K. When
the mass of the liquid is doubled to 2m , 3000 J of energy is required to change the
temperature of the liquid and container by 10 K. What is the specific heat capacity
of the liquid in J kg−1 K −1 ?
60
A. m
120
B. m
180
C. m
240
D. m

8. Two objects are in thermal contact and are at different temperatures. [1 mark]
What is/are determined by the temperatures of the two objects?
I. The direction of thermal energy transfer between the objects
II. The quantity of internal energy stored by each object
III. The process by which energy is transferred between the objects
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I, II and III
 This question is in two parts. Part 1 is about energy resources. Part 2 is about
thermal physics.
Part 2 Thermal physics

9a. Distinguish between specific heat capacity and specific latent heat. [2 marks]

A mass of 0.22 kg of lead spheres is placed in a well-insulated tube. The tube is

turned upside down several times so that the spheres fall through an average
height of 0.45 m each time the tube is turned. The temperature of the spheres is
found to increase by 8 °C.

9b. Discuss the changes to the energy of the lead spheres. [2 marks]
 9c. The specific heat capacity of lead is 1.3 × 102 J kg−1 K −1 . Deduce the [4 marks]
number of times that the tube is turned upside down.

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