Questions

• Who is the regulator? [Why?]

• What is the regulatory mechanism?

• How are screening values and, indirectly,

remediation targets, established?
 CLR11
• Ch 2 Risk Assessment

• Ch 3 Options Appraisal

• Ch 4 Implementation, including Monitoring,

& Verification/Validation
 CLR11: Model Procedures for the
Management of Land Contamination
CLR11: Risk Assessment
CLR11: Options Appraisal
CLR11: Implementation of the Remediation Strategy
Options Appraisal
Example: Chromium (VI) contamination in Glasgow

Shawfield
Stadium

Shawfield
works

Waste?

Railway
Waste?
 Conversion of Cr3+ to Hexavalent Cr6+
COPR residue

Chromite ore

FeCr2O4
Cr 3+
Oxidation Cr 6+
K2Cr2O7

Trivalent Chromium Hexavalent Chromium

•Essential element •Toxic
•Non-soluble •Carcinogenic
•Soluble
•Highly mobile
Glencairn Park,
Rutherglen

Exposed COPR forming terraces.

Note lack of vegetation!
Role of the Conceptual Site Model
MEDIUM EXPOSURE PATHWAY RECEPTOR
Residents

Workers

Air Inhalation Visitors

Children

Pets & wildlife

Dust
inhalation
Residents

Workers
Skin contact
Visitors
Soil
Children
Ingestion
Pets & wildlife

Plant uptake

Local population
(abstraction?)
Groundwater
Vegetation?
Water
River Clyde
Surface
water Recreational users
 Remediation Goal: Remove the Linkage
MEDIUM EXPOSURE PATHWAY RECEPTOR
• Options: Residents

• Do nothing Workers

Air Inhalation Visitors

• Source removal – Children

ex situ treatment Pets & wildlife

• In situ treatment Dust

inhalation
Residents
– Solidification/
Workers
stabilisation Skin contact
Visitors
– Calcium polysulphide Soil
Children
– Electrokinetic Ingestion
Pets & wildlife
– Bioremediation
Plant uptake
– Phytoremediation
Local population
– Monitored Natural (abstraction?)
Groundwater
Attenuation Vegetation?
Water
– Etc. Surface
River Clyde

water Recreational users

 Remediation Goal: Remove the Linkages
MEDIUM EXPOSURE PATHWAY RECEPTOR
Options: Residents

• Do nothing Workers

Air Inhalation Visitors

• Source removal – Children

ex situ treatment Pets & wildlife

• In situ treatment Dust

inhalation
Residents
– Solidification/
Workers
stabilisation Skin contact
Visitors
– Calcium polysulphide Soil

– Electrokinetic
Given the current
Ingestion Children

– Bioremediation state of the material, Pets & wildlife

– Phytoremediation bioremediation,
Plant uptake

– Monitored Natural phytoremediation, Local population

(abstraction?)
Groundwater
Attenuation and MNA are unlikely Vegetation?
Water
– Etc. to change
Surface anything…
River Clyde

water Recreational users

 Options Appraisal

Ö
 Stage 2: Connecting Options to Linkages
MEDIUM EXPOSURE PATHWAY RECEPTOR
Options: Residents

Workers
• Do nothing Air Inhalation Visitors

• Source removal – Children

ex situ treatment Pets & wildlife

Dust
• In situ treatment inhalation
Residents

– Solidification/ Skin contact

Workers

stabilisation Soil
Visitors

– Calcium polysulphide Ingestion Children

Pets & wildlife

– Electrokinetic
Plant uptake
– Bioremediation
Local population
– Phytoremediation Groundwater
(abstraction?)

Vegetation?
– Monitored Natural Water
River Clyde
Attenuation Surface
water Recreational users
– Etc.
Options Appraisal

Ö
 Stage 3: Implementation Planning &
Objective Verification
MEDIUM EXPOSURE PATHWAY RECEPTOR
Options: Residents

Workers
• Do nothing Air Inhalation Visitors

• Source removal – Children

ex situ treatment Pets & wildlife

Dust
• In situ treatment inhalation
Residents

– Solidification/ Skin contact

Workers

stabilisation Soil
Visitors

– Calcium polysulphide Ingestion Children

Pets & wildlife

– Electrokinetic
Plant uptake
– Bioremediation
Local population
– Phytoremediation Groundwater
(abstraction?)

Vegetation?
– Monitored Natural Water
River Clyde
Attenuation Surface
water Recreational users
– Etc.
 MEDIUM EXPOSURE PATHWAY RECEPTOR VALIDATION
S/S Remediation? Residents

Workers
Air quality
Air Inhalation Visitors
monitoring
Children

Pets & wildlife

S/S Dust Dust

Rem? inhalation monitoring
Residents
Groundwater
Workers monitoring
Skin contact
Visitors Soil sampling
Soil
Plant sampling
Children
Ingestion
Land use
Pets & wildlife restrictions
in compliance
Plant uptake
S/S should block path to
no GW wells
GW but does not clean up
Local population Groundwater
existing GW contamination (abstraction?) monitoring
Groundwater Land use
Vegetation?
Water restrictions
River Clyde in compliance
Surface
Soil & plant
water Recreational users sampling
Options Appraisal