Pokhara University

Level: Bachelor Semester – Spring Year : 2009

Programme: B.E. Full Marks: 100
Subject: Instrumentation Time : 3hrs.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as
practicable.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Attempt all the questions.

1. a) How can a generalized instrumentation system can be represented by 7

block diagram. Explain.
b) Explain the following terms with reference to measuring instrument
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i) Accuracy and precision
ii) Sensitivity and resolution
iii) Linearity and hysteresis

2. a) Explain the measurement of unknown capacitance by using standard 7

bridge circuit.
b) The A.C. bridge is in balance with the following constant: arm AB,
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R=450  ; arm BC, R=300  in series with C=0.047  F; arm CD,
unknown; arm DA, R=200  in series with L=15.9 mH. The oscillator
frequency is 1 KHz. Find the constants of arm CD.

3. a) Define gauge factor. Derive an expression for gauge factor of a strain 7

gauge.
b) An LVDT has an output of 6v rms when the displacement is 8
0.4  10 3 mm. Determine the sensitivity of this instrument in v/mm.
A 10v voltmeter with 100 scale divisions in used to read the O/P. Two
tenths of a division can be estimated with ease.
4. a) Explain the principle of operation of X-Y recorder. List out its area of 7
applications.
b) A capacitive transducer uses two quartz diaphragms of area 600mm 2 8
separated by a distance of 2.5 mm. A pressure of 8  10 5 N / m 2 ,
when applied to the top diaphragm, causes a deflection of 0.5 mm. The
capacitance is 400  10 12 F when no pressure is applied to the
diaphragms. Determine the value of capacitance after the applications of
a pressure.

5 a) Write the characteristics of ideal op-amp. How can we use op-amp in 8

 instrumentation? (List any three applications)?
b) Explain the operation of Dual Slope type A/D converter. 7

6. a) How communication is important in instrumentation system for an 7

industry. Explain RF Telemetry.
b) What is data acquisition system? explain in brief about the digital data 8
acquisition system.

7. Write short notes on (Any two) 5×2

a) Maxwell's bridge
b) Transducer and its classification.
c) Interference Signal