UNIT 3

PROCESS

Standar kompetensi:
Setelah mengikuti kuliah ini mahasiswa diharapkan mampu memahami proses-proses kimia yang
ditulis datam bahasa Inggris.
Kompetensi dasar
Setelah mengikuti kuliah ini diharapkan mahasiswa mampu :,
1. Memahami bacaan tentang proses-proses kimia yang ditulis datam bahasa Inggris.
2. Menjelaskan proses-proses kimia secara lisan datam bahasa Inggris.
3. Menjelaskan proses-proses kimia secara tertulis datam bahasa Inggris.
Reading
A. Read the text quickly and pair up to discuss the questions that follow.

Separating by Heating
The chemical engineer often needs to separate mixtures of materials. These mixtures
sometimes occur naturally petroleum, for example, is a mixtures of a great many chemicals.
Some mixtures occur as a result of chemical reactions ; few reactions will produce a single pure
chemical. Often the desired material is produced With some that are undesirable ; the resulting
mixture must be separated so as to recover the wanted one in as pure a state aspossible.
Distillation has been used to separate mixtures of liquids since the earliest days of
chemistry. It is based on the principle that if a mixture of liquid is heated, some of the ingredients
will evaporate faster than others and this property can be used to effect a separation. Let us
imagine that we have a mixture of two liquids, A and B in equal parts-the mixture contains 50%
of liquid A and 50% of liquid B. if we heat the mixture until it boils, we may find that the vapour
contains 75% of liquid A and only 25% of liquid B. liquid A evaporating faster than liquid A.
In distillation, a liquid mixture is heated until it vaporizes, and the vapor is then
condensed back into a liquid. Two liquids are generally easy to separate by distillation if the pure
materials have boiling points that differ by considerable amount, but modem techniques permit
the separation of liquids whose boiling points are close together. Separation of two liquids is
called binary distillation
B. Discussion
Pair up and discuss
1. Why do chemical engineers need to separate mixtures of liquids?
Often the desired material is produced With some that are undesirable ; the resulting
mixture must be separated so as to recover the wanted one in as pure a state aspossible
2. What is the principle on which distillation is based ?
if a mixture of liquid is heated, some of the ingredients will evaporate faster than others
and this property can be used to effect a separation
3. Give an example binary distillatillation.
 Azeotropic distillation: Ethanol and air form an azeotrope (a mixture of two or
more liquids)
 separation of liquids with adjacent boiling points
4. What kind of liquids are easy to separate by distillation?
the pure materials have boiling points that differ by considerable amount
C. Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each gap.
Some solid mixtures are made up of different crystals. Most rocks are mixtures.
Granite rock is (1) A commonly used for buildings and roads, and you can easily see the
different crystals in the rock. (2) D mixtures can be easily separated into pure substances.
This process is called (3) A distillation It is done by using physical methods without
chemical reactions.
Sand is used to make cement. The sand from beaches by the sea is mixed with salt.
(4) B salty sand cannot be used to make sand. The sand must first be purified by removing
the salt. This is done by washing the sand with (5) C water The salt dissolves in the water.
This produces a mixture of solid sand and salt water. The sand can then be separated from
the salt water by (6) C distillation
1. A commonly B recently C lastly D rarely
2 A liquids B gases C elements D mixtures
3 A distillation B condensation C evaporation D purification
4 A dirty B salty C oily D fishy
5 A alcohol B oil C water D powder
 6 A filtration B oxidation C distillation D crystallisation

D. Read through the text and fill the gaps with the best answer below it.
Crystallisation
A solid dissolves in a liquid to produce (1) E solution
The solid that dissolves is called (2) a C solute
And the liquid is called a (3) A solvent When the solution is heated, most of the solvent is
evaporated oft. The hot solution is then allowed to cool. The solution is now said to be (4) B
saturated And as it cools, the dissolved solid (solute) appears as pure crystals. The process is
called crystallisation. The (5) D impurities Remain dissolved in the solution.

A solvent
B saturated
C solute
D impurities
E solution

Vocabulary and Writing

A Processes
1. Find the odd one out in each of the groups of words below.
1 filtration residue filter funnel (funnels) filter paper Bunsen burner
2 distillation distillate condenser flask filter
3 crystallisation (crystallization) solvent solution solute thermometer impurities
4 oxidation oxidant rust glass life of material
5 chromatography thermometer filter paper pippette (pipette) separation

2. Match the words on the left with the group of verbs on the right. Use each group on the right
once only.
1 cells can (B) A corrode or discolor metal
2 soil can (C) B escape, condense, explode
3 light can (E) C expand and contract
4 liquid can (D) D flow, evaporate, solidify
5 metals can (F) E gleam, dazzle, flicker
6 rust can (A) F implode, sparkle, die

B Procedure
Explain the steps for the following experiments. Do not look back at the passage above.

FILTRATION

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

CRYSTALLISATION
Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4
DISTILATION
Sup 1 :

Step 2 :

Step 3 :
Step 4 :
VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING
Present the steps of the experiments in front of the class without reading them. Here are some
useful expresions to help you.

Distillation
Useful expressions : distill (verb), distillate (noun), boil (verb), condense (verb) boiling point,
then, gaseous state, cool (verb)
Filtration
Useful expression : filter (verb), filtrate (noun), separate(verb), purify (verb), trap (verb), pour
(verb), filter (noun), residue (noun)
Crystallisation
Useful expression : crystallise (verb), freeze (verb), evaporate (verb), impure (adjective)
insoluble (adective), remove (verb), mixture (noun)
Water Purification
Useful expressions : unfit to drink (adj phr), desalination (noun), desa]inate (verb), recycle
(verb), sterile (adjective), Sterilise (verb), ueat (verb)
Acid Rain
Useful expressions: acidic (adjective), acidity (noun), acidify (verb), experience (verb) harmfill
(adective), harmless (adjective), corrode (verb), rust (verb)

C Miscellaneous Processes
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with a word from the box in the right form.
oxidise preserve pasteurise purify sublimate
cool separate distill reduce filter
1. When a gas is cool, it changes into a liquid. This change is called condensation.
2. Some solids change into gases without melting. This change is called.. sublimate
3. filter Is the usual method of separating a solid »om a liquid.
4. distill Is the vapor which is condensed to a pure liquid in distillation.
5. Chromatography is a method of separate and identifying mixtures.
6. When a substance gains oxygen in a chemical reaction, we say it has been oxidise
The reaction is called oxidation.
7. While the gain of oxygen is called oxidation, reduce Is the loss of oxygen.
8. The process to make food more durable is called preserve
9. To kill harmful bacteria by heating a liquid to a certain temperature and then cooling it is
called pasteurise
10. Water can be purify By adding chlorine to kill harmful bacteria