TOPIC 1

ASKING AND GIVING OPINIONS

AND SUGGESTIONS

At the end of the lesson the students should be able:

a. to ask for opinions and suggestions on an issue
b. to give opinions and suggestions
c. to respond whether to accept or to refuse it

I. OPINIONS
Opinion is ideas or belief about a particular subject. When someone gives or expresses an
opinion, it means that he/she says what he/she thinks about something.
A. Asking for Opinions
The general way of asking for opinion
 “What do you think?”
 “What’s your view?”
 “How do you see the situation?”
 “What’s your opinion?”

Here are some examples of asking for opinions:

 What do you think of the movies last night?
 How do you like your English class?
 How does this report look to you?
 Do you have any comments on this idea, Fred?
 Is there anything you would say about the issue?
 Do you think that she was fair to him?
 Do you feel that men always try to take advantage of women?
 What do you think of this sales plan?
 How do you feel about birth control?
 What are your thoughts on this proposal?
 What are your feelings on sex education in elementary school?
 In your opinion, would Fred make a good branch manager?
 What’s your opinion on the way the president handled the crisis?
 Could you give me your comments on the Mayor’s decision?
 I’d appreciate your comments on this paper I wrote.

B. Stating Opinions

The general way of stating opinion is:

“ I think…..”
“ I feel that……”
“In my opinion……..”
“As far as I’m concerned…..”
“As I see it…….”
“In my view…….”
“I tend to think that……..”

When you want to state your opinions, you might say:

 In my opinion, it was a great lecture.

 I really like your hair do.
 I think what you did looks O.K.
 I feel that there is a lot of injustice in our country.
 What I think is that we should look for a new sales plan.
 In my opinion, reward and punishment are needed in society.
 My opinion is that the movie was attractive.
 I would say that we are in for some hard time.
 If you ask me, I would say that this test is a little too difficult.
 If you are interested in my opinion, I think we should give up.
 If I were you, I would quit.
 Let me say that your idea has some promise.

C. Reacting to Opinion
When someone gives you an opinion, you should react to it. You can accept or refuse it, you
might say:
 Thank you for your opinion.
 Your opinion has been very helpful.
 I really appreciate your opinion.
 I see.
 I hadn’t thought of that.
 I have tried that, but it doesn’t work.
 I don’t think it’s a good opinion.
 Well, I don’t think so.
 Really? Have you tried that before?
 As for me, I am not sure I agree with it.
D. Conversation
Now, please study the following conversations:

1. Situation: Two people are talking during break time at the office.
Carter : Tell me, Fred. How do you think about the new no smoking rule in the office?
Alfred : Frankly speaking. I think it’s a good idea. I smoke too much, and it might help
me cut down.
Carter : As for me, I’m not sure I agree with it.
Alfred : Why?
Carter : In my opinion, we all should have voted on it or something. In fact, most of my
Customers smoke when they have the consultation with me in the office. I
don’t think management should have decided it.

2. Situation: Eva asks Mary to read something.

Eva : Mary, I have just finished this paper. Could you read it and give your
opinions on it?
Mary : Sure, I’ll do it right now.
Eva : (returning later) Have you read it yet?
Mary : Of course.
Eva : What do you think of it?
Mary : The ideas are good. If I were you, I’d type it to make it clearer and tidier.
Eva : Your opinion has been very helpful.

E. Discuss and Perform

Read the following situation. Think about what you might say and might do. Discuss and
perform a dialogue with your partner in front of the class. Take turns to ask and state opinion.
1. An elderly couple are walking on the bicycle track in the park. Meanwhile, there are many
kids and youngsters cycling there.
2. Your friend and you are shopping in a hypermarket, there are many brands of the same goods,
you don’t know which one is the best to be bought.
3. You have just gotten your haircut. You ask a friend for his/her opinion.

II. SUGGESTIONS

Suggestion is an idea, plan or possibility that someone mention. It is also an indirect way of
making people accept an idea.

A. Asking for Suggestions

Here are some examples of asking for suggestions:
 Do you think I ought to call the police?
 What do you think I should buy for his birthday?
 Do you have any ideas about how I can sell my car?
 Should I try to talk to him about it again?
 If you were me, what would you tell her?
  If you were in my situation, would you forgive him?
 What do you suggest that I pack for the trip?
 Do you have any suggestions for me?
 Can you give me some suggestions about my weight?
 Are you suggesting that I give up jogging?
 What do you suggest I take for a bad headache?
 Can you suggest a suitable restaurant?

B. Offering Suggestions

When you offer a suggestion, you might say:

 I think you’d better start looking for a new job.
 If I were you, I’d stop writing her.
 It would probably be a good idea to send this by express mail.
 Why don’t you try calling her tonight?
 How about taking the bus instead of driving?
 Try ignoring her for a while.
 I’d say that you’d better stop smoking now.
 I suggest you to talk with your lawyer.
 My suggestion is, be careful in doing business with them.
 I suggest you that we go out for lunch now.
 Let me suggest that we buy a new copier.

C. Reacting to Suggestions
When someone gives you a suggestion, you will react to it, you can accept or refuse it, you may
say:
 Thank you for suggestion.
 Your suggestion has been very helpful.
 I really appreciate your suggestion.
 I see.
 I hadn’t thought of that.
 I have tried that, but it doesn’t work.
 I don’t think it’s a good suggestion.
 Well, I don’t think so.
 Really? Have you tried that before?
 As for me, I am not sure I agree with it.

D. Conversation
Now, please study the following conversations:
1. Situation: A student is talking to her adviser
Fida : Mrs. Wilson, what do you suggest me to do about my English class? Should I
drop it or continue with it?
Mrs. Wilson : I think it would be a good idea to talk with your lecturer. Try talking with him
about the problems, and see what he suggests.
Fida : If he says I should continue in the class, what should I do?
Mrs. Wilson : Then follow his suggestion. He doesn’t fail you………..

2. Situation: Two neighbors are talking in their back yards.

Bob : Hi, Jack. Do you have any time? Can I ask you for some suggestion?
Jack : Sure, what is it about?
Bob : I’m thinking about painting the house this lebaran. What kind of paint do you
suggest?
Jack : I’d suggest a good water-base latex. It’s easy to use and clean up. It’s also
relatively inexpensive.
Bob : That’s why my wife suggested. She recommended Polylux Wall Paint. Have you
tried that.
Jack : Of course. Look at my wall and compare it with yours.
Bob : You are right, Jack. I’ll paint it with Polylux Wall Paint then.

E. Discuss and Perform (Pair Work)

1. A asks for suggestion and B gives suggestion. What would you do and say in the following
situation?
a) You are going to make a cross-country trip, but you cannot decide whether to go by bus,
ship or a plane.
b) You need a part-time job. You go to one of your lecturer for suggestions.
c) A friend of yours is going to have a little dinner party. She/he asks for suggestions about
good restaurants.

2. Write a dialogue giving reason for your choice. Is it better to be an only child or part of a big
family? Use the notes below.

An only child:
 Quiet, lonely
 Undivided attention from parents
 Own bedroom, no need to share, can become selfish
 No support from siblings
 Depend on self
 No need to share benefits, parents’ wealth
 Parents may afford better things for one child

Big Family:
 Have siblings to do things with
  Attention divided
 Share everything, learn to be unselfish, tolerant
 Support from siblings
 Wealth, benefits divided among children
 Too expensive to send children overseas, further education

3. Write a Dialogue giving reasons for your choice:

Your classmates are planning a trip during college holiday. You have a choice between a sea
side holiday and a holiday in Karo Highland. Which holiday would you choose and Why?
Use the clue/notes below.

Seaside Holiday:
 Sound of waves, enjoy swimming, water sports
 Walk on beach, rock climbing, collecting shells
 Heat, sunburn
 Opportunity to meet people
 More choice of food

Holiday in the hill:

 Cool, clean mountain air, refreshing
 Jungle trekking, hiking, bird watching, flora and fauna
 Quieter, more relaxing

Remember:
 Use all notes given
 Elaborate on the given notes to make it more interesting
 Make sure it is not less than 100 words

4. Read the text about Healthy Diet then make a dialogue related to it with your partner and
perform it in from of the class (pair work).

Healthy Diet
Fresh vegetables are important components of a healthy diet.
A healthy diet is one that helps maintain or improve health. It is important for the prevention of
many chronic health risks such as: obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

A healthy diet involves consuming appropriate amounts of all nutrients, and an adequate amount
of water. Nutrients can be obtained from many different foods, so there a wide variety of diets
that may be considered healthy diets.
The World Health Organization (WHO) makes the following 5 recommendations with respect to
both populations and individuals:
 Achieve an energy balance and a healthy weight
  Limit energy intake from total fats and shift fat consumption away from saturated fats
and towards the elimination of trans-fatty acids
 Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts
 Limit the intake of simple sugars
 Limit salt/sodium consumption from all sources and ensure that salt is iodized
Other recommendations include:
 Sufficient essential amino acids (“complete protein”) to provide cellular replenishment
and transport proteins. All essential amino acids are present in animals. A select few
plants (such as soy and hemp) give all the essential acids. A combination of other plants
may also provide all essential amino acids. Fruits such as avocado and pumpkin seeds
also have all the essential amino acids.
 Essential micronutrients such as vitamins and certain minerals.
 Avoiding directly poisonous (e.g. heavy metals) and carcinogenic (e.g. benzene)
substances.
 Avoiding foods contaminated by human pathogens (e.g. E. coli, tapeworm eggs).

5. Read the following text, then write a dialogue about The Dangers of Smoking and the
perform it with your partner in front of the class.

Dangers of Smoking

Smoking is the one of the main cause of death every year. Smoking causes number of smoke
related disease such as lung cancer, respiratory problems and heart ailments and these dangers of
smoking are increasing yearly.

Certain breathing disabilities are also the dangers of smoking. It could also result in a decreased
capability to enjoy physical capabilities because of the ailment or side effects like breathing
problems. Smoking leads to reduction in life expectancy.

Over the years a smoker will more likely to develop respiratory ailments, thickening of the
arteries, blood clots, cancer of the lung, cervix, larynx, mouth, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, and
kidney, and emphysema, as well as exhibit symptoms such as reduced stamina, poor athletic
performance, wheezing, coughing, dizziness, and nausea.

In time, a smoker suffers increased resistance to the flow of air into the lungs and reduced lung
capacity. Besides these serious problems, prolonged tobacco use leads to stained teeth and
fingers and bad breath. Even a smoker’s clothes and living quarters tend to smell of tobacco.
Another one of the dangers of the smoking is that smoking not only diminished the health of the
smokers but also diminished the health of the non smokers around him through secondhand
smoking.
6. Work in pairs
Take turns in asking for suggestions based on the following prompt. Give your partner
appropriate suggestions. Accept or reject each suggestion made by your partner.
a) Mother’s birthday present
b) Your sister’s wedding party

ADDITIONAL NOTE

There are many ways to give your opinions when speaking English. The exact English
expression you use depends on how strong your opinion is.

Giving your opinion neutrally:

“ I think…”
“I feel that…”
“In my opinion…”
“As far as I’m concerned…”
“As I see it…”
“In my view…”
“I tend to think that…”

Giving a strong opinion:

“I’m absolutely convinced that…”
“I’m sure that…”
“I strongly believe that…”
“I have no doubt that…”
“There’s no doubt in my mind that…”

English expressions for asking someone’s opinion:

“What do you think?”
“What’s your view?”
“How do you see the situation?”
“What’s your opinion?”

Talking about your beliefs:

“I believe in…” (the importance of free speech)
“I’m a (great/firm) believer in…” (fresh air and exercise)
“I’m convinced that…” (there’s a solution to every problem)
“I’m passionate about…” (human rights)
“I’m committed to….” (working towards peace)
“I don’t believe in…”
“I think that…is” (true/complete nonsense, etc.)

NOTE
After a preposition such as in or about, you need either a noun or a gerund. For example: “I
believe in free speech”, or “I believe in saying what you think”.
After “that”, you need a clause. For example: “I believe that we must safeguard the planet.”
Suggestions and Advice:
We use should to make suggestion and give advice:
You should send an email.
We should go by train.
We could meet at the weekend.
You could eat out tonight.

We use conditionals to give advice:

Dan will help you if you ask him.

Past tenses are more polite:

Dan would help you if you asked him.

See more at: http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/modal-

verbs/ability-permission-requests-and-advice#sthash.urX5zd5B.dpuf
 Topic 2
Request and Offers
The objectives:
Students/readers are expected to be able:
a. to understand what request and offer is
b. to make variety of request and offer
c. to respond to request and offer
d. make dialogue

What is “request”?
To request something means to formally ask for it.
For example: If you're sick of always getting a middle seat on the airplane, put in a request for
the aisle or window next time.
What is “offer”?
You make an offer when you present your willingness to do something.
One person offers something, and another person accepts or rejects it. It's polite to offer guests
something to drink and to offer a friend some space under your umbrella. A marriage proposal is
a type of offer.
Making and responding to a request
It's important to be polite when you ask for something.
You can make a request by using: Responding to request:

 can you ...?  Sure, ….

 could you ...?  Ok.
 will you ...?  No, I'm sorry I ….
 would you mind ...?  I'm afraid I can't.

Here are some examples of how to make a request.

Can you  open the door for me, please?
Will you 
Could you possibly
would you mind opening the door for me?

Making Request:
 Can you show me your bank book, please?
 Will you lend me your pen, please?
 Could you possibly show me the way to the nearest bank, please?
 Would you help me with this exercise, please?
 Would you mind lending me your pen, please?
Things to remember about making a request:
1. "Would you mind..." is followed by a gerund (verb+ing)
Example:"Would you mind lending me your book? "
2. The response to the following request:
A : Would you mind lending me your book?
B : No, I don't mind.
(which is a positive response to the request. It means that I accept to lend
you my book)
or Yes.
(which is a negative response to the request. It means that I don't want to
lend you my book.)

Read the following example of request sentences.

 "Do you mind if I turn on the air conditioning?"
 "Would you mind if I turned on the air conditioning?"
Note. When you're using these two sentences, don't use please. It's already polite enough!
 “Do you mind if…" is followed by the verb in the present tense, but 
 “Would you mind if…” is followed by the verb in the past tense.

Practice I.
1. You want/ask your friend to do something for you. Write down your request in five
different sentences in a piece of paper. When you are ready, pass the paper to your friend.
2. You have received the paper from your friend, read the request and give your respond.

Learn the dialogue given.

Andi : Hi Bertha. Can you lend me your pen?
Bertha : Sure. Here you are.
Andi : Thanks. I will give it back to you after the class.
Bertha : That is ok. By the way, would you mind helping me with this exercise?
Andi : I am afraid I can’t. I really don’t know to do it.
Bertha : Well, let us ask our teacher …
Andi : Good idea.

Practice II.
1. Please pair up with your peer. Make a dialogue; in the dialogue you have to take turn
asking and giving respond to the request.
 2. Perform it in front of the class.
3. Home work. Record and Podcast your dialogue using technology. You might consider
using Audioboom as your tool.

Offering to do something for another person

You can make an offer using a phrase like 
 Can I… ?
 Shall I… ?
 Would you like me to… ?

For example:
Offering Responding: to accept or reject offers

"Can I help you?" Yes please. …

"Shall I open the window for you?" No thanks. …
"Would you like another coffee?"
"Would you like me to answer the phone?"
"I'll do the photocopying, if you like."

Note.
 ‘Shall, can and will’ are followed by the verb without to.
 ‘Shall’ is particularly British English and is more formal than can. 
 ‘Would you like…’ is followed either by a noun, or by an object pronoun and the
verb with to.
The dialogue given below show the use of the above modals, to accept and to reject the offer or
the invitation.
A : Can I help you?
B : accept Yes please. I'd like to know what time the job training starts.
reject No thanks, I'm just looking. (In a shop.)
A : Shall I open the window for you?
B : accept Yes please. That would be very kind of you.
reject No thanks, I’m good.

A : Would you like another coffee?

B : accept Yes please. That would be lovely or Yes please, I'd love one.
reject No thanks. Or, No thank you.

A : Would you like me to answer the phone?"

B : accept If you wouldn't mind. Or, If you could.
(Don't answer "Yes, I would", as this sounds like
you expect someone to do it for you.)
 reject Don't worry, I'll answer it.

A : I'll do the photocopying, if you like.

B : accept Thank you, that would be great.
reject It's OK, I can do it. Or, Don't worry, I'll do it.

Practice III
1. You want to offer your help or to do something for another person. Write down your
offer in five different sentences on a piece of paper. When you are ready, pass the paper
to your friend.
2. You have received the paper from your friend, read the offer written and give your
respond (accept or reject) in a polite way.
Learn the dialogue given below.
Situation.
Dora and Cindy are cluster friends. They always help each other. Cindy is at Dora’s room and
they are talking.
Cindy : Hi Dora! You look busy.
Dora : Hi Cindy! As usual, I down load the reading material for English lesson.
Cindy : Can I help you?
Dora : No, Thank you. It is still in the process.
(after the down loading is completed)
Yippee! Completed. Now it is time to print out it.
Cindy : Would you like me to print it for you?
Dora : Yes, please. That would be very kind of you.
Would you like some drink, Cindy?
Cindy : Yes, please. A cup of ice water will do.
Dora : Ok Cindy. Here you are.
Cindy : Thanks.
Dora : Would you like another cup?
Cindy : No Thanks. It is enough for me.
(then, Cindy is pointing at the computer screen)
O, look Dora! There is a reminder. “The ink is running low”
Dora : I see. I need a refill. Will you accompany me to buy it?
Cindy : No, I am sorry. It is too late. You can get it tomorrow. Anyway, the
reading materials are all printed.
Dora : Ok. It is a good idea. Thanks Cindy.
Cindy : You are welcome.

Read the dialogue between Cindy and Dora.

Answer these questions:
1. What does Cindy do to help Dora?
2. Does Dora accept Cindy’s offer? Why?
3. What is Dora’s respond after knowing the printer ink is running low?
 4. Does Cindy accept Dora’s request “to accompany her to buy the ink”? Why?

Practice IV
Situation.
You are the customer service of Bank ABC. You are serving Bapak Kayakan, your customer,
who needs your help to open a saving account. Make your offer and request to him.
1. Offer your help.
2. Offer some drink to him.
3. Offer him “Niaga saving account”.
4. Request for the Identity card.
5. Offer your help to fill in the form.
6. Ask him about the initial deposit he wants to place.
7. Ask him to sign on the deposit slip and on the overlay of the bank book.
8. Ask him to go to the teller for the depositing.
9. Offer your further assistance.

Practice V
1. Please pair up with your peers or in your group.
Situation
You are the customer service (CS) in a bank and are serving the customer (C) who needs
help in a bank by providing information; responding to requests; resolving problems;
collecting revenue.
You may talk about the opening of a saving account, term deposit, safe deposit box
service, up- date bank book, etc.
Create your dialogue. In your dialogue, you have to make sure that every member of the
group has to take turn making requests, offers and to respond to them.
You may start your dialogue this way

CS : Good morning and welcome to Poli Bank. Can I help you?

C :
CS :

2. Perform it in front of the class.

3. Home work. Podcast your dialogue using technology. You might consider using
Audioboom as your tool.

Reference
See more at: http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/modal-
verbs/ability-permission-requests-and-advice#sthash.urX5zd5B.dpuf
  TOPIC 4
REPORTING EVENTS
The objectives:
Students/readers are expected to be able:
a. to understand oral report
b. to understand variety of written report
c. to make oral and written report

What is report?
Report is a written or spoken description of a situation or event, giving people the information
they need.
There are two kinds of report:
I. ORAL REPORT
Oral report includes the quoting or reporting other people’s speech such as
1. Direct Reporting

 The teacher said to the class ”I am going to teach you about REPORT”.
 The students asked the teacher ”What kind of report are we learning today?”
 Let me quote John Tyler, who said ”You are never too old to learn something new”.
 This is what our English teacher said ”English is a mean of communication. In order to
be able to communicate it well, you have to get the four integrated skills: listening, speaking,
reading and writing. Remember! It will not be perfect to learn English without any one of it”
2. Indirect Reporting
 The teacher said that she was going to teach us about REPORT.
 The students asked the teacher what kind of report they were learning that day.
 John Tyler said to the audience that they were never too old to learn something new.
 At the first meeting our English teacher told us that English was a mean of
communication therefore in order to be able to communicate it well, we had to get the four
integrated skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. She also told us to remember that it
would not be perfect to learn English without any one of it.

Study the following dialogues.

 Dialogue 1.TWO WOMEN ARE TALKING ABOUT MOVIE SHOW “THE MAZE
RUNNER”.
Tina : Hi Fida! Have you watched “THE MAZE RUNNER”?
It is a nice movie.
Fida : Yes, I did. I watched it last Saturday with my fiancés, Satria.
Tina : What did he say about the movie?
Fida : He said ”Wow, what a nice movie it is!”
Tina : Is that all he said?
Fida : No, he went on saying that he couldn’t wait for the next episode to be on show.
Tina : What a movie lover he is.

Dialogue 2. TWO MEN ARE TALKING DURING A COFFEE-BREAK AT WORK

Budi : Hello, Dani. Congratulations. I heard that you’re getting a transfer and
promotion.
Dani :Yeah, but I like my present job, I don’t want to be posted in Papua.
Budi : Do you reject the transfer?
Dani : Yes, I do.
Budi : Have you told Fred that yet?
Dani : Yes, I told him I wouldn’t accept it.
Budi : What did he say?
Dani : He said ”Think it over for a few days,” He also said that if I didn’t accept it, I
would never been offered the chance in the future.
B. Practice I
Study the following dialogues and report about them to one of your friends.
-How might the following speech be reported?
-What did …. Say?
You have heard the following people’s speech. Please report it to one of your friends using the
indirect speech. (the first one is done as an example for you)
Here are the speech:
1. Ani :” Monday is a tiring day. I hate Monday ‘’.
What did Ani say?
Report :Ani said that Monday was a tiring day for her so that she hated/disliked Monday
2. Badu : ‘Most of the Banking students in Polmed are my friends.
We have study group. We discuss about our lesson together once a week. Do
you want to join us?
What did Badu say?
Report : ………………………………………………….
3. Charlie : ‘Don’t make noise friends! Our teacher is coming’.
What did Charlie say?
Report : …………………………………………………..

4. Dedy : ‘What time is it? I am afraid you will be late Erny. Hurry up!’
What did Dedy say to Erny?
Report : ……………………………………………………..
5. Elsa : ‘Hm…. It’s too bad. I rushed to the airport yesterday to pick up my friend from
Jakarta, but the flight was delayed for 2 hours. If I had known about the delay,
I wouldn’t have been there that early.
What did Elsa say?
Report : …………………………………………………….

6. Tina and Fida are talking about the movie show. You listened to their conversation.
Report about it to one of your friends.
Here are their conversation.
Tina : Have you watched “THE MAZE RUNNER”?
Fida : Yes, I did. I watched it last Saturday with my fiancés Satria.
Tina : What did he say about the movie?
Fida : He said ”Wow, what a nice movie it is?”
Tina : Is that all he said?
Fida : No, he went on saying that he couldn’t wait for the next episode to be on show.
Tina : What a movie lover he is.
What did Tina and Fida talk about?
Report : ……………………………………………………..

7. Budi and Dani are talking during a coffee-break at work. You listened to their
conversation. You report about it to one of your friends.
Here is their conversation.
Budi : Hello, Dani. Congratulations. I heard that you’re getting a transfer and
promotion.
 Dani :Yeah, but I like my present job, I don’t want to be posted in Papua. Budi
: Do you reject the transfer?
Dani : Yes, I do.
Budi : Have you told your manager, Fred that yet?
Dani : Yes, I told him that I wouldn’t accept it.
Budi : What did he say?
Dani : He said ”Think it over for a few days,” He also said that if I didn’t accept it, I
would never been offered the chance in the future.
What did Budi and Dani talk about?
Report : ……………………………………………………..

II. WRITTEN REPORT

A.What are written reports?
Written reports are documents which present specific, focused content—often the result of an
experiment, investigation, or inquiry—to a specific audience. The audience may be public or
private, an individual or the public in general. Reports are used in, business, education, and
science.
Some examples of reports that you have ever received as a student is academic achievement
report: mark sheet, report book, trip report, class budget report. If you have saving account in the
bank you usually have either a passbook or monthly statement as the report of your transactions.
Every bank issues their annual reports: income statement, balance sheet, financial report, etc.
Example of bank annual reports of Bank ABC
The table below ties together the bank's balance sheet with the income statement and displays the
yield generated from earning assets and interest bearing deposits. Most banks provide this type
of table in their annual reports.

A Banking Balance Sheet

Below is a sample of the written report of the income statement for a large bank.
ABC BANK INCOME STATEMENT
http://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/07/bankfinancials.asp

Read the example of an oral report of the Income statement of ABC Bank. II.a
“The Net income of the ABC Bank for the current period is $2.755 millions while for the
prior period is $3.101 millions. It means that there is a decrease of income to compare with
the prior period. This is caused by the decrease of the total revenue of the current period
and the increase of total expense.”

Despite of the formal report mentioned above people often make report about what they have
known, seen, experienced in the form of written report in their daily life. For instance, your
friend trusts you and hands over a sum of money to you. She /he wants you to purchase the
ornament needed for decoration of the room to celebrate her/his party. You agree to do so. After
all are done, it is wise if you break down the sum of money you receive, the stuff you purchase,
and all of the expenses so that the balance is shown in form of oral or written report to show your
responsibility.
The example of the simple written report of the responsibility of the money handed over.
II.b

Date: 3rd September 2014

 Money received Rp. 1,000,000.
Expenses
- Balloon 5 x @ Rp. 20,000 = Rp. 100,000
- Paper Kelp 10 x Rp. @ 5,000 = Rp.50,000
- Ribbon 8 x @ Rp. 10,000 = Rp. 80,000
- Straw 5 x @ Rp. 4,000 = Rp. 20,000
- Glue tag 2 x @ Rp. 20,000 = Rp. 40,000
- Tape 5 x @ Rp. 2,000 = Rp. 10,000
- Parking fee Rp. 5,000
Total expenses Rp. 305,000
Balance (Money returned) Rp. 695,000

Authorize
(Your Name)

Practice II.
Make an oral report based on the written report of the responsibility of the money handed
over. II.b
You can start your oral report this way:
“ This is the report of the responsibility of the money for purchasing the stuffs.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise
1. Report about what you had seen or experienced in your life time that you think is worth
sharing. (Oral and written)
You can report about: What was the happening? When was it happened? Where and how
was it happened? Why was it occurred? Why was it so special that it is worth sharing?

2. You have received your 3rd semester mark sheet from PoliteknikNegeri Medan. Read it
carefully and report about your academic achievement to your parents.
3. Make an oral report and a written report about PoliteknikNegeri Medan in which you
have studied for more than one year.
You can report about the building, the location, the programs, the facilities, the students,
the teaching staff, the discipline, etc
You can start you report this way:
- Oral report
“PoliteknikNegeri Medan is located at USU campus. The address is Jl. Almamater
No.1……………………………………………………….”

- Written report
PoliteknikNegeri Medan
Address :
Telephone number:
Email address :
Building : …………………………………………………………………
Location : …………………………………………………………………
Study Program :………………………………………………………………….
 TOPIC 5 TALKING ABOUT PLANS

At the end of the lesson the students are able to talk about plans, intention, actions, etc.

A. Talking about Plans

Will + infinitive and going to + infinitive are commonly used to talk about the future. Sometimes
the difference between them is very small:

• John will / John’s going to meet us in the restaurant at 8 o’clock.

• Will you / Are you going to come back this evening?

However, going to is preferred in spoken English (where it is often pronounced / gәnә/) and will
is preferred in formal written English.

We use going to rather than will when we PREDICT that something will happen in the future
because we have some evidence for it now. It may be that we predict an event that is just about
to happen on the basis of something that we feel, see (etc.) now:
• ‘What’s the matter with her?’ ‘She thinks she’s going to faint.’ or it may be that we can
predict an event because we have been told that it will happen:
• Did you know that Bob and Kath are going to get married?

However, if we make a prediction based on our opinion or our past experience we use will:
• Why not come over at the weekend? The children will enjoy seeing you again.
• I imagine the stadium will be full for the match on Saturday.

B. Talking about Intention

When we talk about INTENTION or DECISIONS about the future that were made some time
before we report them, we prefer going to or the present continuous.
• ‘Who’s arranging the party?’ ‘Jo’s going to o it.’ (= this has been planned)
• Toni told me that she’s going to move back to Spain.(= reporting and intention)

However, notice that in a formal style, we use will rather than going to talk about future events
that have been previously arranged in some detail:
• The meeting will begin at 10.00 am. Coffee will be available from 9.30 onwards.

When we state a decision made at the moment of speaking, we prefer will:

• ‘Is that the phone?’ ‘Don’t worry. I’ll get it.’
• It’s late. I think I’ll go to bed now.
We can use will or going to with little difference in meaning in the main clause of an if-sentence
when we say that something (often something negative) is conditional on something else- it
will happen if something else happen first:
• If we go on like this, we’ll / we’re going to lose all our money.
• You’ll / You’re going to knock that glass over (if you’re not more careful).

C. Talking about Actions

However, we use will (or another auxiliary), not going to, when we describe a future event that
follows another. Often ‘if’ has a meaning similar to ‘when’ in this kind of sentence:
• If you look carefully, you’ll (or can) find writing scratched on the glass.
• If you move to your left, you’ll (or may) be able to see the church.

Shall
We can use shall (or shan’t) instead of will (or won’t) in statements about the future with I and
we, although it is more common to use will/won’t:
• When I retire, I shall / will have more time for my painting.
• The stronger we are, the more we shall / will be able to help others.

In current English we don’t use shall / shan’t with other subjects (it, she, they, etc.) when we talk
about the future.

To know more when using will or going to read this information:

Will is used
1. To predict opinion/to predict past experience, e.g.
• Next year, no doubt, more people will enter the competition as the prize money
increases.
• I imagine the stadium will be full for the match on Saturday.
• Why not come over at the weekend? The children will enjoy seeing you again.

2. in formal situation
• Library will re-open next week. (sign on the door of it)
• The meeting will begin at 10.00 a.m. Coffee will be available from 09.30 onwards.

3. in spontaneous decision/decision made at the time of speaking, examples:

• “It’s late . I think, I’ll go to bed now.”
• “ Is that the phone?” “Don’t worry, I’ll get it.”

4. Conditional type 1
e.g. If you go there, I will accompany you.
Going to is used
1. to predict something which has evidence, examples:
• The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe. It looks like it’s going to fall
down.
• Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.
• I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.

2. to report a previous decision/have already decided to do something

• Ann told me that she’s going to move back to Jakarta. (reporting an intention)
• Who’s arranging the party? Beth’s going to do it. (this has been planned)

3. in spoken English (informal situation) going is often pronounced /gonna/

Exercise 1 Put the verb into the correct form, using will or going to
Examples: A: Why are you turning on the TV?
B: I’m going to watch (watch) the news.

A: Oh, I just realized – I don’t have any money.

B: Don’t worry – that’s no problem. I’ll lend (lend) you some.
Those clouds are very black, aren’t they? I think it is going to rain (rain).

1. A: I’ve got a terrible headache.

B: Do you? Wait here and I ……………… (get) you some aspirin.

2. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?

B: I ………………. (wash) the car.

3. A: I’ve decided to repaint this room.

B: Oh, you have? What color ……………. (you/paint) it?

4. A: Look! There’s smoke coming out of that house. It’s on fire!

B: Oh no! I ………….. (call) the fire department right away.

5. A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
B: No, it looks as if it …………………. (fall) down.

6. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?

B: Yes I ……………… (buy) something for dinner.

7. A: I can’t figure out how to use this camera.

B: It’s easy. I ………………… (show) you.

8. A: What would you like to have – coffee or tea?

B: I ………………… (have) coffee, please.

9. A: Has George decided what to do when he finishes school.

 B: Oh yes. Everything is settled. He ……………… (take) a vacation for a few weeks, and
then he …………… (start) a computer programming course.

10. A: Did you mail that letter for me?

B: Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. I ……………(do) it now.

11. A: What shall we have for dinner?

B: I don’t know. I can’t make up my mind.
A: Come on, hurry up! Make a decision!
B: Okay. We …………… (have) chicken.
12. Jack: We need some bread for lunch.
Ben : Oh, we do? I …………… (go) to the store and get some. I feel like taking a walk.
Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane:
Ben: I …………… (get) some bread. Do you want anything from the store?
Jane: Yes, I need some envelopes.
Ben: Okay, I ………… (get) you some.

13. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He doesn’t have a car:
John: Toshi, can you take me to the airport tonight?
Toshi: Of course I ………… (take) you. I’d be happy to.

Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport.

Eric: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?

John: No thanks, Eric. Toshi ………… (take) me.

Exercise 2 Choose will (‘ll) or (be) going to, whichever is correct or more likely, and one of
these verbs:

collapse eat enter explode have increase leave paint

phone re-open retire see show be sick walk

1 Get out of the building! It sounds like the generator ‘s going to explode.(prediction-
evidence)

2 Tim ……………….. early before he reaches 65. He mentioned it at the meeting recently.

3 ‘I think I ……… home across the park. ‘That’s a good idea.’

4 Next year, no doubt, more people ……… the competition as the prize money increases.

5 ‘Can we meet at 10.00 outside the station? ‘Okay. I ……… you there.’

6 Don’t sit on the bench, I ……… it.

 I’m not feeling well. In fact, I think I ………!

8 ‘Closed over the New Year period. This office ……… on 2nd January.’ (Sign on an office
window)

9 I’m sure you ……… a good time staying with Richard.

10 We ……… with Tim tonight. He’s asked us to be there at 7.00.

11 ‘The 2.35 to Bristol ……… from platform 5.’ (Announcement at railway station.)

12 I wouldn’t walk across that old bridge if I were you. It looks like it ..........

13 I read in the paper that they ……… the price of gas again.

14 Do you like my new solar watch? Here, I ……… you how it works.

15 ‘Dr Jackson isn’t in his office at the moment.’ ‘In that case, I ……… him at home.’

Exercise 3 Complete the sentence with will (‘ll) or (be) going to and an appropriate verb. If both
will and going to are possible, write them both.

1 If you’re ready, I’ll explain how the equipment operates.

2 I warn you that if I see you here again, I ……… your parents.
3 If we don’t leave now, we ……… the train.
4 If you decide to contact Jane, I ……… you her address.
5 If you stand in the rain much longer, you ……… cold.
6 He’s seriously hurt. If we don’t get help immediately, he ……….
7 If you want to leave this afternoon, Joe ……… you to the station.
8 If you visit Parapat, I’m sure you ……… very welcome.

Exercise 4 Make any necessary corrections or improvements to the underlined parts of this
extract from a telephone conversation. Mark and Jo are discussing their holidays.

M: Have you got a holiday planned?

J: Ruth has asked me to visit her in Kenya.
M: Kenya! Sound brilliant. You’re going to have a great time.
J: How about you?
M: Well, I expect I shall go away if I can spare the time, but my boss shan’t be very happy if I
take off more than a few days. I imagine that my parents shall probably go to Mexico again,
to see their friends there, but I don’t think I shall be able to go with them. They’ve told me
 they’ll learn Spanish before they go this time… Look, I’m sorry, Jo, but someone’s at the
door. I’m going to call you back tomorrow morning.
J: Okay, I’ll speak to you then.

Will or going to?

a. Talking about future actions we use both will and going to talk about our future actions, but
there is a clear difference.
Study this example situation:
Helen’s bicycle has a flat tire. She tells her father.
Helen: My bicycle has a flat tire.
Can you fix it for me?
Father: Okay, but I can’t do it now.
I’ll fix it tomorrow.

We use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking. The speaker has not
decided before. Before Helen told her father, he didn’t know about the flat tire.

Later, Helen’s mother speaks to her husband.

Mother: Can you fix Helen’s bicycle?
Father: Yes, I know. She told me.
I’m going to fix it tomorrow.

We use going to when we have already decided to do something. Helen’s father had already
decided to fix her bicycle before his wife spoke to him.

We use will when we decide to do something at the time of speaking. The speaker has not
decided before. Before Helen told her father, he didn’t know about the flat tire.

Later, Helen’s mother speaks to her husband.

Mother: Can you fix Helen’s bicycle?
Father: Yes, I know. She told me.
I’m going to fix it tomorrow.

going to: We use going to when we have already decided to do something. Helen’s father had
already decided to fix her bicycle before his wife spoke to him.
b. Saying what will happen (predicting future happenings)

We use both will and going to to say what we think will happen in the future:
• Do you think Laura will get the job?
• Oh no! It’s already 4:00. We’re going to be late.

We use going to (not will) when there is something in the present situation that shows what will
happen in the future (especially the near future). The speaker feels sure about what will happen
because of the situation now.
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain. (the clouds are there now)
I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.(I feel terrible now)

Do not use will in situations like these. In other situations, use will
Sue will probably arrive at about 8 o’clock.
I think George will like the present you bought for him.

Exercise 1 Put the verb into the correct form, using will or going to
Examples: A: Why are you turning on the TV?
B: I’m going to watch (watch) the news.

A: Oh, I just realized – I don’t have any

money.
B: Don’t worry – that’s no problem. I’ll lend
(lend) you some.

Those clouds are very black, aren’t they? I

think it is going to rain (rain).
1. A: I’ve got a terrible headache.
B: Do you? Wait here and I ……………… (get) you some aspirin.

2. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?

B: I ………………. (wash) the car.

3. A: I’ve decided to repaint this room.

B: Oh, you have? What color ……………. (you/paint) it?

4. A: Look! There’s smoke coming out of that house. It’s on fire!

B: Oh no! I ………….. (call) the fire department right away.
5. A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does
it?
B: No, it looks as if it …………………. (fall) down.

6. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?

B: Yes I ……………… (buy) something for dinner.

7. A: I can’t figure out how to use this camera.

B: It’s easy. I ………………… (show) you.

8. A: What would you like to have – coffee or tea?

B: I ………………… (have) coffee, please.

9. A: Has George decided what to do when he finishes

school?
B: Oh yes. Everything is settled. He ………………
 (take) a vacation for a few weeks, and then he
…………… (start) a computer programming
course.

10. A: Did you mail that letter for me?

B: Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. I ……………
(do) it now.

11. A: What shall we have for dinner?

B: I don’t know. I can’t make up my mind.
A: Come on, hurry up! Make a decision!
B: Okay. We …………… (have) chicken.
12. Jack: We need some bread for lunch.
Ben : Oh, we do? I …………… (go) to the store
and get some. I feel like taking a walk.
Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane:
Ben: I …………… (get) some bread. Do you want
anything from the store?
Jane: Yes, I need some envelopes.
Ben: Okay, I ………… (get) you some.

13. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He

doesn’t have a car:
John: Toshi, can you take me to the airport
tonight?
Toshi: Of course I ………… (take) you. I’d be
happy to.
Later that day Eric offers to take John to the
airport.
Eric: John, do you want me to take you to the
airport?
John: No thanks, Eric. Toshi ………… (take) me.

TOPIC 7: POSSIBILITIES AND PROBABILITIES

At the end of the lesson the students are able to speculate about the future/the past; express cause
and effect.

1. Conditional type I If + simple present ………present future.....

The first conditional If S + Verb I S + Will + Verb I

If + simple present ……simple present

If S + Verb I S + Verb I
 If I have enough money, I will buy that book.
If I have time, I will go to your party.
If I study hard, I will pass the examination.

If it’s sunny this afternoon, I go swimming.

If I go home early, I visit you.

Study this conversation.

This morning Ann and Jenny are at home. In the afternoon there is a party at John’s house—one
of their friends. His house is at a village which is so far away from their house and unfortunately
it’s wet season now.

Ann : Are you going to John’s party?

Jenny : I don’t know. I’ll go if it doesn’t rain. But if it rains, I won’t go.
Ann : Which dress are you going to wear?
Jenny : I’ll wear the blue one if it comes back from the cleaners.
Ann : If you go, what time will you leave?
Jenny : I’ll leave when Tim comes to get me.

Study these sentences.

I’ll go if it doesn’t rain.
study I don’t have to work.
practice I have time.
Work it isn’t a holiday.

But if it rains I won’t go.

I have to work study.
I don’t have time practice.
It’s a holiday work.

Exercise 1
a. Make your own conversation using conditional type I like the example above.
b. What will you do if you have a long holiday next month?
c. What will you do if you get good scores next final test?

2. Conditional type II If + simple past ……past future…

If + S + Verb II S + Would + Verb I
If + S + Were + Adjective/ Noun S + Would + Verb I
Examples:
If I were a bird I would fly around the world. (I am not a bird)
If I were you I wouldn’t buy that bag. It’s too expensive. (I am not you so you buy that bag)
If things were different……( the unreal or second conditional)

Study this conversation.

Nancy is sitting near a swimming pool at Danau Toba Hotel in Medan with her friend, Helen.

Helen : If I were in America right now I’d probably be scrubbing floors or washing
windows instead of sitting by a swimming pool drinking a cold drink.
Nancy : Yeah, it’s nice to have servants, isn’t it. But sometimes they don’t get things
very clean.
Helen : Yes’ that’s true. The house would probably be a lot cleaner if I cleaned it
myself. But I guess I’d rather have a slight dirty house and be a lady of
leisure.
Nancy : I think so, too.

Study these sentences:

If I were in America right now, I’d probably be scrubbing floors.

washing windows.
raking leaves.
shoveling snow.

Exercise 2
a. Make your own conversation using conditional type II.
b. What would you do if you were the governor of this province?
c. What would you do if you were in Sidney right now?
d. What would you do if you got a lovely present?
3. Conditional type III If Clause Main Clause
Past Perfect Past Future Perfect Tense
If + S + Had + Verb III S + Would + Have + Verb III
If I had passed the university entrance examination last year I would not have studied here now.
( I didn’t pass the exam so I study here now)

If things had been different……..

Study this conversation.

Eddy : Did you go to the party last night?

John : No, I didn’t. I would have gone if it hadn’t rained.
Eddy : What did you do?
John : I just stayed at home and studied.
Eddy : Did you finish all your homework?
John : No. I would have finished it if the TV show hadn’t been so interesting, but I got
interested in the show and I never finished my homework.
Study these sentences:

I would have gone if it hadn’t rained.

I would have finished my homework if the TV show hadn’t been so interesting.

Exercise 3
a. Make your own conversation using conditional type III like the example above.
b. What would have happened if you had bought a sport car?
c. What would have happened if you had been the winner of one competition?

Exercise 4 Put the verb into the correct form.

Examples: If I found a $100 bill on the street, I would keep (keep) it.
They’d be very angry if you didn’t visit (not/visit) them.

1. If the company offered me the job, I think I ……(take) it.

2. I’m sure Ann will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if she ……(refuse).
3. Many people would be out of work if that factory……(close) down.
4. I’m sure she …….(understand) if you explained the situation to her.
5. They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if we…..(not/come).
6. If you …..(not/go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be so tired all the time.
7. I’d help you if I……..(can), but I’m afraid I can’t.
8. This soup would taste better if it ……(have) more salt in it.
9. I wouldn’t mind living in Berastagi if the weather…….(be) better.
10. If I …….(know) that you were sick last week, I’d have gone to see you.
11. John …….(not/take) the exam if he had known that it would be so difficult.
12. Jim got to the bus stop in time. If he ……(miss) the bus, he would have been late for his
interview.
13. It’s good that Bob reminded me about Tom’s invitation. I……(forget) if he hadn’t
reminded me.
14. We might not have stayed at this hotel if Dave …..(not/recommend) it to us.
15. I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on vacation if I …..(have) your address.

Exercise 5 Read the situation and write a sentence with if.

Examples: We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away.
But if you didn’t live so far away, we would visit you more
often.

She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry.

If she had been hungry, she would have eaten something.

1. People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak very clearly.

But if he spoke clearly, people would understand him.
2. I’m not going to buy that book because it’s too expensive.
But if that book is not expensive, I will buy it.

3. She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money on her.
If she had had enough money, she would have bought it.

4. She wasn’t injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.

5. He’s fat because he doesn’t get any exercise. But…………….

6. We can’t have lunch outside because it’s raining. ………………..

7. They can’t meet you tomorrow evening because they have to work.

8. We were able to buy the car because John lent us the money.

9. Mother didn’t wake Tom because she didn’t know he wanted to get up early. If
mother……………………….

10.The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.