SUBJECT: Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Topic: Group Technology

Department: Mechanical Engg.

 Group Member
Name Prepared Enrollment
By number

Javiya Viren 130943119004

Lad Mitesh 130943119005
Manjra Mohmmedarif 130943119006
Parmar Mayur 130943119007
Patel Hiten 130943119008

Guide By :- Mr.Amit.R.Patel
 Introduction to Production System

Production system can be defined as the combination of human

resources , equipment, factory layout and procedures, organized
to accomplish the manufacturing operations of company.

It is consists of two parts

(1) Facilities
(2) Manufacturing Support system
 Types Of Production Systems

The Production System can be categorized into four types:

(1) Continuous Flow Type Production System
(2) Mass Production System
(3) Batch Production System
(4)Job Production System
 (1) Continuous Flow Type Production System
.

The example of continuous flow type production system are: chemical

plants ,oil refineries ,etc.

(2)Mass Production System

In mass production system ,the components are produced in large

quantity and minimal variety.
In mass production systems use product layout.
The example of mass production system: manufacturing of
nuts,bolts,spring etc.
(3) Batch Production System
In batch production system ,the components are produced in medium
quantities and medium variety.
The example of batch production system are: manufacturing of marine
engines , vehicles, clothes , etc.
The batch production system utilize flexible manufacturing system
(FMS).
(4) Job Production System
In job production system ,the components are produced in low
quantities, based on order.
The minimum lot size can be one unit.
The example of job production system are: manufacturing of jigs,
fixtures, dies, etc.
 Concept of Automation
ompound belt drive
Automation can be defined as the technology use for the application of
integrated mechanical , electronics and computer based system in
operation and control of production system.

Some example of automatic of process in production system are as

follows:
(1)NC and CNC machines,
(2)Automatic assembly machines,
(3)Industrial robots,
(4)Automatic storage system,
(5)Computer aided production planning and control.
 Need for automation

• To increase productivity.

• To reduce cost of production.

• To improve product quality.

• To reduced production time.

• To improve work safety.

• To have better control over manufacturing activites.

 Advantages of Automation

• Increase in productivity.
• Reduction in labor cost an cost of production.
• Reduction in scrap and rework.
• Improve in product quality.
• Reduction in lead time.
• Improve in work safety.
• Better control over manufacturing activities.
• Increase in shop efficiency.
 Limitations of Automation

• High initial cost.

• High maintenance cost.

• High operating skill labor are required.

 Group Technology
Group technology is a manufacturing philosophy in which a similar
parts are identified and group together as a part family, in order to
taken the advantages of their similarities in design and
manufacturing.

In addition ,there increase trend achiving a higher level of integration

between the design and manufacturing activities of a company.

The above two objective can be achieved by using a manufacturing

philosophy known as group.
 Part Family

Part family is a collection of parts , which are similar because of

either: (1) their geometric shape and size (2) similar processing
steps are required in their manufacturing.

Each part family, which consists of number of parts, processes

similar design or/and manufacturing characteristics.

Either ball bearing example consider.

 Method of Grouping Parts into Part Families

There are four general methods for grouping parts into families.
(1) Visual inspection
(2) Composite part method
(3) Production flow analysis
(4) Parts classification and coding
(1) Visual inspection

In visual inspection ,the grouping of parts into part family is done by
looking for similarities in shape. Size and methods of manufacture.
The visual inspection is least expensive and least accurate method.

(2)Composite part Method

In this method ,the feature of all part family are combined into a
hypothetical composite part.
 Production Flow Analysis
The production flow analysis uses manufacturing data into identify part
families.

Production flow analysis involve following steps:

(1) Data collection
(2) Sorting of operations
(3) Preparation of PFA chart
(4)Data analysis
(1) Data collection
The data such as part number and operation sequence is collect from
the manufacturing data contained in the route sheet.

(2)sorting of operations
The operations are arranged according to similarly.

(3)preparation of PFA chart

The PFA chart containing the data of part numbers against operation
code. The cross mark at location of indicates part number requires
operation.
 Parts Classification and coding

Parts classification is the process of grouping of parts the basis

of essential features of the parts, while coding is the process of
assigning the codes to the parts.

In parts classification and coding ,the parts grouped into

families by considering:
(1) Design attributes of each part
(2) Manufacturing attributes of each part.
 Advantages of Group Technology

Reduced material handling.

Reduced tool set-up time.
Reduced work- in- process.
Promotes standardization of tooling, fixture and setups.
Simplified process planning and production scheduling.
Better work satisfaction.
Better product quality and productivity.
 Limitation of Group Technology

Difficulty in grouping the parts into families.

Difficulty in rearranging machines into machine cells.
Inertia to change.