Experiment 1

Batch Report

Objectives of Experiment

To determine the reaction rate of saponification reaction at given temperature by

measuring the conversion against reaction time, evaluate the reaction rate constant at
constant temperature using differential and integral methods of analysis and the rate
constant at different temperature and activation energy determination from Arrhenius
Plot.

Introduction

The Batch reactor is the generic term for a type of vessel widely used in the process
industries. Its name is something of a misnomer since vessels of this type are used
for a variety of process operations such as solids dissolution, product
mixing, chemical reactions, batch distillation, crystallization, liquid/liquid extraction
and polymerization. A typical batch reactor consists of a tank with an agitator and
integral heating/cooling system. Liquids and solids are usually charged via
connections in the top cover of the reactor. Vapors and gases also discharge through
connections in the top. Liquids are usually discharged out of the bottom.

Batch chemical process is a discontinuous process, which has neither inflow nor
outflow of reactants or products while the reaction is being carried out. Thus the
mass balance equation for species A in an element of reactor volume V obeys the
following statement:

Rate of A produced within volume element = Rate of A accumulated within

volume element

In this experiment, the reaction to be studied is the saponification of ethyl acetate Et

(Ac) and sodium hydroxide NaOH. The reaction is shown in following equation.
Theory
There is no inflow and outflow in the batch reactor. Thus, the mole balance for
component j is reduced as equation below:

Rate of accumulation of j (moles/time) = Rate of generation of j (moles/time)

= rj V

Suppose the conversion of component j in constant volume system is given by

Where,Nj0 = initial amount of j at t = 0

Nj = present amount at time t

When disappearance of component of j, the equation can be express as following,

By integrating the equation above,

Since,
Therefore the time t necessary to achieve a conversion in term of concentration can
be express as below,

If the density of the fluid remains constant,

Equation 4.7 can be shown graphically,

Cj
Cj C jo

Graph of reaction rate versus concentrations

The Arrhenius Equation is given by

Where A = pre-exponential factor of frequency factor

 E = activation energy, kJ/mol or cal/mol

MATERIALS AND EQUPMENT

1. Batch reactor apparatus

2. Beakers
3. Stirrers
4. Water bath
5. Stopwatch
6. 1 L of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH
7. 1 L of 0.1 M ethyl acetate, Et(Ac)
8. 1 L of 0.1 M sodium acetate, Na(Ac)
9. 1 L of deionised water, H2O

DIAGRAM
Figure 1 : Batch Reactor