THE PARTICLE NATURE OF

MATTER
• HETEROGENOUS MIXTURES
• HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES
• ELEMENTS
• COMPOUNDS
• METALS
• NON-METALS
• ACIDS
• BASES
MATTER

• Is made up of tiny particles which

you cannot observe with your
unaided eyes.
• Properties of matter are a result of
the arrangement of particles it is
made of.
MATTER

•Is made up of protons, electrons

and neutrons
PHASES OF MATTER

• All matter is made up of atoms. These

atoms, depending on the energy
contained in them, may form as solid,
liquid, or gas.

• Solid, liquid, gas and plasma

Phases of matter

• SOLID – has a definite volume. Molecules of solid

substance are closely packed, held together by
molecular forces.
• The kinetic energy of molecules is very low that
the molecular attraction between the molecules
is much stronger than the force pulling them
apart. Even if the molecules still possess some
amount of energy, they will stay in their places,
and their movement will be confined through
vibrations only.
• LIQUID – Has a definite volume. The shape of liquids
depend on the shape of their containers, which is
affected by gravity.
• - molecular forces among particles in liquid are weaker
than those of a solid.
• -The molecules in a liquid have a certain amount of
kinetic energy, enough for them to move and break out
from a confined structure. Thus, they can move loosely
compared with the molecules in a solid.
• GAS – the volume of gas is dependent on its temperature
and surrounding pressure. When affected by gravity, gas
molecules take the shape of their container.
• Molecular forces are very weak. But the molecules are
more energetic and move rapidly, as compared to those
of solids and liquids.
• As the molecules move in random directions, they
continuously collide with one another, transferring
energy from one molecule to another. A gas can easily be
compressed by cooling because there are spaces between
its particles.
TERMINOLOGIES

MATTER - anything that occupies space and

has mass.
PROPERTIES – describe a sample of matter.
MASS – the measure of the amount of matter
that the object has. Usually expressed in
kilograms or grams.
VOLUME – the measure of the space occupied
by an object.
ATOM – is the smallest particle of an element that has
all the properties of the element.
MOLECULE – is a particle consisting of two or more
atoms combined together in a specific arrangement.
- an electrically neutral particle
- smallest particle of an element or compound
that can exist independently.
ANGSTROM – unit of an atom
- one angstrom is a unit of length
equal to one ten millionth of a milimetre.