MIND

Matter in Our Surroundings

Matter
Particles of Matter
It is anything which has mass and occupy space. Characteristics of Matter ✦Have intermolecular space.
It is made up of tiny particles.
Classification

✦Have intermolecular force of attraction.

Physical

✦Are in a state of continuous motion.

✦Have a tendency to diffuse. Property of
Solids diffusion increases with increase in
temperature.
They are rigid, have high density,
definite shape and definite volume.
Solids have maximum attraction
force between their particles.
Freezing Point

On applying Pressure
It is the temperature at which a Melting Point

Fusion or melting
liquid changes into solid state It is the temperature at

temperature)
(Increasing
which a solid starts melting.
temperature)
(Decreasing

by giving out heat at 1 atm.

Freezing

Melting point of ice is 0°C or

273.16 K.

Scales of Temperature

versa. It is shown by naphthalene, camphor, iodine etc.

directly without passing through the liquid state and vice-
It is the process of conversion of a solid into its vapours
Latent Heat of Fusion
Liquids It is the amount of heat that is
They have definite volume, but not required to change 1 kg of a
definite shape. They are solid into liquid at 1 atm at its
incompressible, have fluidity and melting point.
diffusibility. The attraction force
between the particles of liquid is less
than that of solid.

Sublimation
Evaporation
It is the process of conversion of a liquid
into its vapours at any temperature below
its boiling point. It increases with increase
(Increasing temperature )

Condensation
in surface area and temperature but
decreases with increase in humidity. It is the process of
conversion of gas into liquid
(Decreasing temperature)

at specific conditions of
Vaporisation Boiling Point temperature and pressure.
It is the process of It is the temperature at which
conversion of a liquid into a liquid starts boiling or at
its vapour state at its which vapour pressure of a
On Applying Pressure

boiling point. liquid becomes equal to

atmospheric pressure .

Plasma
This state consists of super-energetic
and super-excited particles. These
particles are in the form of ionised
gases. Star and sun glow due to
plasma. It is created in stars because
of very high temperature.
Gases
They have neither definite shape nor
definite volume. They are highly
compressible, diffusible and have low
density. The intermolecular space
between their molecules is maximum Bose-Einstein Condensate
and attraction force is minimum. It is formed by cooling a gas of
extremely low density, about one-
hundred-thousandth the density of
normal air, to super low temperatures.