STATES OF MATTER

·Basedupon particle arrangement 4 STATES OF MATTER

·Based upon energy of particles ·solid Gas

·Based upon distance between particles ·

Liquid plasma

SOLID
a
tightly packed, vibrating in fixed position KINETIC ENERGY
a definite shape definite volume > Matter is made up of

LIQUID particles which are in

↳
tightly packed but enough to slide over one another continual random motion.

↳ indefinite shape & definite volume

GAS
↳ far apart and more freely
is indefinite shape indefinite volume

PLASMA
↳ an ionized gas

↳ good conductor of electricity

↳ indefinite shape & volume

i common state of matter

3 Flames, Lightning, Aurora Borealis (Nothern Lights), sun

SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

Tightly packed close together well separatedno definite volume

regular pattern
or shape
·
regular pattern no regular pattern no

vibrate ·vibrate ·composed of

·vibrate
each
slide past move freely electrical charged
at
I
don'tm ove from particles
other high speeds
place to place

PHASE CHANGES
Solid to Liquid Heatgoes into solid it melts
Melting as
-
· -

Liquid to Solid Heatleaves liquid it freezes

Freezing as
-
· -

Vaporization (Boiling & Evaporating) -

Liquid to Gas Heat

goes into liquid as vaporises
it

·
Condensation-Gas to Liquid -
Heat leaves the gas as condenses
it

·sublimation solid to Gas Heat it

sublimates
goes into the solid as
Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive and intensive properties
Extensive Properties Cextensive enternal)
<mass
-

and volume are both examples of extensive properties.

· a property thatdepends on of matter in

the amount a sample.

* Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

* The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the objects contains.

* The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.

1
Intensive Properties (intensive internal) :

> Absorbency is an example of an intensive property.

· A property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the of

amount matter.

* There are properties to consider when selecting a basketball besides mass and volume.

* The outer covering may be made of leather, rubber, or a synthetic composite.

* Leather balls are suitable for indoor play but outdoor

n ot play.

↳ It absorbs water and dirtmore than rubber balls do.

CHEMICAL PROPERTY
> can
of matter that
A trait only be observed if a substance has the property.

The substance changes composition if ithas property.

that

1. Reactivity with oxygen:

·rusting (iron)
etc)
·
tarnishing (silver, copper, brass,

2. Reactivity with water

3. Reactivity with acids or bases
4. Combustibility or Flammability
5. Chemical formula
·
Whatsomething is made of is always a chemical property.

ALL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ARE INTENSIVE. NONE ARE EXTENSIVE.

↳) Because CP never depend on how much of a substance is present, but
only on what

kind of particles made up the substance.

CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTY
> Distinctive property thathelps you determine the identity of a material.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Physical Property
A c an be observed
trait of matter that or changing the chemical
measured without

composition of the matter. CNO CHEMICAL REACTIONS ALLOWED II)

COLOR
↳> how the object absorbs and reflects light.

TEXTURE
↳ how the subtance looks and feels.

TEMPERATURE energy motion!

of
~
↳ A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

MASS LOWEST DENSITY ELEMENT

↳ The of
amount matter in an object (in gorkg). Hydrogen 0.0009glcms

VOLUME HIGHEST DENSITY ELEMENT

↳ The amount of space an object occupies Osmium 23 g/cm3

DENSITY
↳ The ratio of mass to volume;reflects the degree of packing of particles in matter. (D=m()

LUSTER
↳ The way the substance reflects light(metallic, non-metallic, glassy, pearly, dull

DUCTILITY
↳ Ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire.

MALLEABILITY
↳ Ability of a substance to be hammered flat and to retain the new shape.

STATE (PHASE) OF MATTER

HARDNESS
↳ Measure of how easily a material is scratched.

STREAK
4 The color left behind when rubbed in a porcelain plate. (itcan be white!

SHAPE
↳ shape of crystals is called habit "