UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY

Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)

Dr. Ortega St., Iriga City, Philippines
Trunkline (054) 299-2401 to 2402/ (054) 299-2001 to 2002
Fax No. (054) 299-2403

HEALTH CARE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Name: Guevarra, Eunice B Year and Course: BSN-1B

Date: March 24, 2021 Score:
Subject: NCM 102 – Health - Mr Kenny Nino Tagum, Clinical Instructor

Discuss the ffg.

1. What are the seven stages of development.? Explain each.

The seven (7) stages of development includes:

The Infancy-Toddlerhood by the age of approximate from birth to 2 years old it is
where the field of growth and development is highly complex as they are defined as
the majority of group dependent on the environment as the development of the
cognitive stage also arises defined as sensorimotor and that requires security and the
need to explore self and the environment – born with natural curiosity.

The Early Childhood by the age of 3 to 5 children are now in preschool years that is
still developing skills acquired when they were born as that curiosity grows to sense
of involvement with other people to the family. They also developed and has gained
more independency compared before that allows them to take care for themselves
autonomously. They understand the cause and effect of things that surrounds them
as the reasoning and thinking skills also enhances.

The Middle and Late Childhood children have already progressed in their physical,
cognitive, and psychosocial skills to the point where most begin formal training in
structured school systems. At this point they are more motivated to learn to develop
and feed that natural curiosity in life to understand the way they feel and how the
influence of other affects their life. It comes with logical and rational thought process
and the ability to reason inductively and deductively develop.

The Adolescence ages 12 to 19the transition from childhood to adulthood. They now
have the power to govern oneself as the Adolescents are known to be among the
nation’s most at-risk populations as the development of physical, cognitive and
psychosocial development as the environment changes this stage of development also
is influenced by that change as the need to adapt to that change is also important. This
stage also uses personal experiences to enhance or interfere with learning Intrinsic
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Dr. Ortega St., Iriga City, Philippines
Trunkline (054) 299-2401 to 2402/ (054) 299-2001 to 2002
Fax No. (054) 299-2403

HEALTH CARE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

motivation, able to analyze critically, makes decisions about personal, occupational, and
social roles.

The Young Adulthood from the age of 20 to 40 at this age it is the transition from
adolescence to becoming a young adult or to an emerging adulthood, this stage
starts to establish a meaningful and long-term intimate relationship with other people
and to the path of choosing their own lifestyle and to be able to live and adjust with
it. The developmental stage of physical abilities is at peak as our body is functioning
at its highest best as well as the maturation of the cognitive status of the individual
Many of the events, they experience are happy and growth promoting from an
emotional and social perspective, but they also can prove disappointing and
psychologically draining. The new experiences and multiple decisions young adults must
make regarding choices for a career, marriage, parenthood, and higher education can
be quite stressful. Young adults realize that the avenues they pursue will affect their
lives for years to come

The Middle-Aged Adulthood the stage where it links your young adulthood to the
older adulthood it is where they feel fully developed and starting to feel concerned
about the physical changes of their body while it’s their peak in their chosen path of
career. At this staged they also questions and reflects on the things they’ve done or
could’ve done and the desires to achieve more as they reflect upon those things.

And lastly the Older Adulthood at the age of 65 years and over as our body changes
the ability of us to think and process information changes and decreases as well. Our
mind and body don’t function at its optimum best as people of old age can be often
observed with short term memory and at this stage, they also reminisce about the
part life experiences.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Dr. Ortega St., Iriga City, Philippines
Trunkline (054) 299-2401 to 2402/ (054) 299-2001 to 2002
Fax No. (054) 299-2403

HEALTH CARE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

2. Define Pedagogy, Andragogy, & Geragogy.

Pedagogy is the art and science of helping children to learn One common
attribute observed throughout all phases of childhood is that learning is subject
centered.

Andragogy, the term used by Knowles (1990) to describe his theory of adult
learning, is the art and science of teaching adults. Education within this framework is
more learner centered and less teacher centered; that is, instead of one-party imparting
knowledge to another, the power relationship between the educator and the adult
learner is much more horizontal

The teaching of older persons, known as geragogy, for teaching to be effective,

geragogy must accommodate the normal physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes
that occur during this phase of growth and development

3. Who is the expert in cognitive development? What are the terms or labels used by
this expert to identify the key COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT?
The French Psychologist Jean Piaget is the proponent of the Cognitive
Development and he uses the following terms as labels to identify the cognitive
development

o Infancy to Toddler – Sensorimotor

o Early Childhood – Preoperational
o Middle and Late Child – Concrete Operation
o Adolescence – Formal Operations
o Young Adulthood – Formal Operations
o Middle-Aged Adulthood – Formal Operations
o Older Adulthood – Formal Operations

4. Who is the expert in PSYCHOSOCIAL development? What are the terms or labels
used by this expert to identify the key PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT?

The psychologist Erik Erikson lists down the following stages of the Psychosocial
Development:
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Dr. Ortega St., Iriga City, Philippines
Trunkline (054) 299-2401 to 2402/ (054) 299-2001 to 2002
Fax No. (054) 299-2403

HEALTH CARE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust

Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt

Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority

Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion

Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation

Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation

Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair

5. What are the salient or prominent characteristics at each stage of development

that influence the ability to learn.?

In The stage Infancy to Toddlerhood the dependency on environment was one

of the factors that influences a child’s ability to learn. In Early Childhood being
egocentric but still has a separation anxiety. In Middle and Late Childhood, the needs
for a concrete information. In Adolescence Influence by other peers. Young
adulthood uses personal experiences to enhance or interfere with learning. In Middle-
Aged the confidence in abilities and in older adulthood the decrease in short-term
memory makes it harder or it hinders with the ability of the learner to learn.

6. What are the three main teaching strategies for each stage development?

The developmental stages of Childhood or Pedagogy

The developmental stages of Adulthood or Andragogy

The developmental stages of Older Persons or Geragory

 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Dr. Ortega St., Iriga City, Philippines
Trunkline (054) 299-2401 to 2402/ (054) 299-2001 to 2002
Fax No. (054) 299-2403

HEALTH CARE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

7. How do people you know in each stage of development compare what with what
you learned about PHYSICAL COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS at
the VARIOUS DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES?

In infancy to toddler hood as growing up with my niece and nephew they

depend on their mother or parents more as they needed them at everything as given
their physical appearance they can’t still quite grasp things surrounding them so the
parents basically do all the work until they transitioned to early childhood, these
stage they have gained a bit of independency as they can do simple task one by one
driven by curiosity but still yearn for their mama next is in middle and late childhood
where they started now their education being introduced to a new peers and the
changed in physical appearance are more noticeable and even more noticeable when
they transitioned to adolescence this stage is where we all I think can relate as things
are started to become rationale at everything that we do because the cause and
effect procedure are also in play as we live our life now by logic and reasoning from
all the past experience that we have and on to the next stage of Young Adulthood
base from my older cousins you can notice that they’re starting to get their life
together as they try to think much logically for the betterment of not just by them
now but for also them in the future next would be the transitioned from here to
Middle Aged Adulthood where it has become their peak and some of my uncles and
aunts started to retires and you can often hear them says about them having a
wrinkles and soggy face now and in the Older Adulthood the most noticeable change
that one can undergone everything changes but your mindset or cognitive mind
happens to be mature and also the downside of it having a decreased ability to
remember.

8. What is the role of the FAMILY IN the teaching and learning process in each stage
of development?

The role of the family is that it is the primary variables that affects an
individual to its developmental stages, they are the people that influences a child the
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
Dr. Ortega St., Iriga City, Philippines
Trunkline (054) 299-2401 to 2402/ (054) 299-2001 to 2002
Fax No. (054) 299-2403

HEALTH CARE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

most for example in decision making process they are the one we consults first as
they are also the main helpers of our own to reduce stress in hospitalization, reduce
the cost care by providing financially, and the one who will take care of us first and
foremost and for us healthcare workers as support system for them.

9. How does the role of nurses vary when teaching individuals at a different stage of
development?

In patient teaching we are prompt to educate and imparts our knowledge to

everyone that requires help and needs so we tend to reach out to people to
determine how we can help by learning the necessary information that will leads us
to solve the problem, but also to remember that not every individual plays the same
scenario and that how the nurses teaching can vary from patient to patient in regards
to their own stage of development.