Republic of the Philippines

Central Mindanao University

University Town, Musuan, 8710 Bukidnon
Department of Mechanical Engineering

NAME: VINCE DOMINICH J. MADRONERO

YEAR: 3RD YEAR

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION REPORT

DIESEL
POWER
PLANT
SOURCE OF
ENERGY

DIESEL FUEL is a combustible liquid used as

fuel for diesel engines, ordinarily obtained
from fractions of crude oil that are less
volatile than the fractions used in gasoline.
Diesel generators convert some of the
chemical energy, contained by the diesel
fuel, to mechanical energy through
combustion. This mechanical energy then
rotates a crank to produce electricity.
AIR-FUEL MIXTURE
When the diesel fuel burning inside the engine, its
start to produce a mechanical power. The
combustion of diesel fuel produces increased
temperature and pressure inside the engine. Due
to this pressure gases are formed, this gas
pushes the piston inside the diesel engine, and
then mechanical power is produced.
 OPERATION
STARTING PROCESS
Compressed air is used for starting. A
diesel engine, initial rotation of the
engine shaft is required. Air is filtered
using wool or cloth to remove impurities.
DIESEL ENGINE
When the diesel fuel is burning inside the
engine, its start to produce a mechanical
power. The combustion of diesel fuel
produces increased temperature &
pressure inside the engine. Due to this
pressure gases are formed, this gas
pushes the piston inside the diesel
engine, and then mechanical power is
produced. With the use of this
mechanical power the shaft of diesel
engine starts rotating.
TRANSMISSION
Within the transformer, the voltage is
increased before the power is sent to the
power lines that carry it to homes and
businesses.
COMBUSTION PROCESS
The first cycle begins with admission of
air to fill the cylinder completely (which
is at a 180 turn of the crank). In the
diesel engine, fuel has been injected into
the chamber in which air is compressed
up with air to 1/16 of its original volume
and then heated to about 500 to 600C.
During injection, the air temperature is
high enough to provoke self-ignition in
the dispersed droplets of fuel in the
chamber. Some vaporization of at least
part of the fuel is necessary to establish
zones of suitable air–fuel composition.
GENERATION
A shaft is directly connected to an
electrical generator. An electrical charge
is created when magnets rotate within the
generator. Mechanical power is converted
to electrical power.
 COMPONENTS

LUBRICATION SYSTEM
Lubricating oil is drawn from the oil tank by the pump
and passed through a filter to remove impurities. The
oil then passes through an oil cooler to keep its
temperature as low as possible.

EXHAUST SYSTEM
Leads the exhaust gases out to the atmosphere which
then passes through a silencer to reduce the noise
level.

AIR INTAKE SYSTEM

Intakes air and supply’s it to the engine for
combustion. Before supplying to the engine, air is
filtered to remove the dust. The air filters can dry
type made of wool or cloth.

STARTING SYSTEM
Provides the initial rotation to the engine shaft
required to start the engine. Smaller unit can be
safely be started manually by hand cranking. Larger
units use compressed air for starting purpose.
 COMPONENTS

FUEL SYSTEM
It consist of the storage tank or the main tank to
store the fuel. The oil is pumped to the day tank
through the transfer pump. While transferring, the oil
passes through strainers or filters to remove
impurities. A pipe called the overflow pipe connect the
day tank and storage tank in case of overflow

The fuel injection pump injects the fuel from the day
tank to engine cylinder of about 100 bars.

COOLING SYSTEM
Cooling jackets are provided on the engine cylinders
walls and head through which the coolant is
circulated. The heat is transferred cylinder walls to
the coolant through the process of convection and
conduction. Then, the heated coolant passes through
the air cooled radiator

DIESEL ENGINE
When the diesel fuel is burning inside the engine, its
start to produce a mechanical power. The
combustion of diesel fuel produces increased
temperature & pressure inside the engine. Due to
this pressure gases are formed, this gas pushes the
piston inside the diesel engine, and then mechanical
power is produced. With the use of this mechanical
power the shaft of diesel engine starts rotating.
COMPONENTS

GENERATORS
Convert developed mechanical energy from the diesel
engine to electrical energy.
 ISSUES

EMISSION CONTROL

To reduce nitrogen oxide emission, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) which applies
Ammonia (NH3) like reagent for reducing nitrogen oxide is used. Ammonia is a
colorless non-flammable liquefied gas. SCR is the suitable process for decreasing the
emission with cost-effective as well as fuel-efficient manner. It could able to decrease
NOX emission up to 90% simultaneously dropping HC along with CO emissions near 50-
90% furthermore PM emissions near 30-50% percent

OPERATION COST

Cost of lubricants is high.

Maintenance is quite complex and costs high.
The cost of lubrication is generally high.
The plant generally used to produce small power requirement and doesn’t work
satisfactorily under overload conditions for a longer period