GRADE 12-PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Name of Learner: _____________________________ Subject Teacher: ______________

Section: ___________________________ Date: _______________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET -WEEK 1 (January 4-8, 2021)

Research Framework
Learning Competency with Code
Illustrates and explains the research framework(CS_RS12-If-j-6)
Lesson Proper
A research framework illustrates the structure or blueprint of the research plan and
helps the researcher formulate relevant research questions. It comprises of different concepts
and theories that serve as the building blocks (or skeleton) to strongly clarify the bases of the
study.
Theoretical Framework
Theoretical framework may be formulated from an existing theory/ies and serves as the
foundation of the study. It is commonly used for studies that anchor on time-tested theories that
relate the findings of the investigation to the underpinning relevant theory of knowledge.
A theory is a conceptual intervention that is used to describe, explain, predict or understand a
certain phenomenon.
Example of Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored on the theory of Bigg (2004) and Friedman (1970). The
business ethics theory by Bigg is based on the wider social obligation and the moral duty that
business has towards society. According to this theory, there are three (3) varied but interrelated
ethical grounds. These are changing and emerging social responsiveness and social expectations
to particular social problems; eternal and intrinsic values that are inspired by ethics and denoted
by some normative and universal principles of social justice, fairness, and human rights; and
corporate citizenship in which a corporation or a business establishment contributes to social
wellbeing. In this theory, CSR is viewed as philanthropic and ethical responsibilities rather than
legal and economic responsibilities.
While the shareholder value theory by Friedman (Freeman, 1984) argues that only the social
responsibility of business is to develop its profits, it is believed by economists that the corporation
owners as its managers, and stakeholders as agents have a fiduciary duty to serve the
shareholders' interest rather than any others. Thus, corporate social obligations are regarded
often as a strategic instrument for corporate competitive benefit and more
profit gain.
It is, therefore, noted that although the business enterprise's mission is to have profits,
they should not forget giving back to the shareholders or clients the appropriate returns not only
on the quality of their products but also in some other ways like attending to some obligations
through the different programs that will benefit the community they are serving (Cristobal &
Montella, 2016).
Conceptual Framework
Conceptual provides explanation of the scope and range of a concept or construct and
discusses that combine two or more theories. It refers to the actual ideas, beliefs, and tentative
theories that specifically support the study.
Similarities of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
The following are the similar characteristics of Theoretical and Conceptual Framework:
1. Provide an overall view of the research study;
2. Anchor a theory that supports the study;
3. Guide in developing relevant research questions/objectives;
4. Help justify assumptions/hypothesis;
5. Aid in choosing appropriate methodology;
6. Help in gathering and interpreting data and
7. Guide in identifying possible threats to validity.
Differences between the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
Theoretical framework Conceptual framework
Scope • Broader • Narrower/focused
• Can be used in different studies • Directly related to a specific study
Focus of Content • The particular theory used already • Set of related concepts to a
in the field specific study
Number of • Presents one theory at a time • May synthesize one or more
Theories theories
Time of • Already existing before the conduct • Develop while planning and
Development of the study writing a specific research

Paradigm of the Study

The result of a clear understanding of the conceptual and theoretical framework is a
diagrammatic presentation of study called the paradigm. The paradigm is something like a visual
representation of the entire thesis. It is considered as the heart of the research paper.
Common Paradigms or Models of the Study
1. IPO model (input-process-output) – used when the statements of the problems are all factor-
isolating questions.
Example:

2. IV-DV model (independent variable-dependent variable ) – used in experiment-based studies

and questions raised are situation –relating.
Example:
3. PC model (predictor-criterion ) – used when relating and assessing the influence between two or
more variables and the studies focused on relationships, associations, differences and impacts.
Example:

4. -P model – used in research studies that propose a program or any intervention measure. It
fits the situation producing level of questioning.
Example 1

Example 2
5. POM (proposed original model) – used when the researcher presents an original paradigm
Example:

Example from a research paper

Title: In Focus: College Of Education Graduates Licensure Examination For Teachers (LET)
Performance
Statement of the Problem
This study closely scrutinized the performance of Bachelor of Secondary Education
graduates of Bulacan State University CY 2013-2015.
Specifically, this answered the following questions:
1. How is the performance of BSEd graduates be compared to the national performance?
2. How is the performance be described in the following:
2.1. General Education (Gen.Ed.);
2.2.Professional Education (Prof. Ed.); and
2.3.Major courses?
3. What intervention/s can be devised to further improve t the performance
of the graduates in LET?

Conceptual Framework

This study follows the I-P-O process where the input are the LET results of BSEd
graduates from 2013-2015. The process used was documentary analysis, and the output is an
analysis of LET performance of BSEd graduates of College of Education of Bulacan State
University, in the Gen. Ed., Prof. Ed., and major courses and the implications to curriculum
development, activities and inputs for the LET performanc
Example from a research paper
Title: SHS Students’ Social Media Usage and Their Attention Span in Class
Statement of the Problem
This study generally aims to determine if SHS students’ use of social media possess a
significant relationship with their attention span in class.
Specifically, this study shall seek answers to the following questions:
1. What is the level of social media usage of Grade 12 students of De La Salle
Araneta University (DLSAU) in terms of:
1.1. forms of social media
1.2. frequency of social media use
1.3. mode of social media use?
2. What is the attention span in class of Grade 12 students of DLSAU?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the frequency of social media use
and the attention span of Grade 12 students of DLSAU?
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 below illustrates the conceptual framework of the research. The paradigm presents
the variables that will be considered in the research.

Fig. 1 The Conceptual Framework of the Study

The level of SHS students’ social media usage will be described in the research in terms of
three sub-variables: (a) forms of social media; (b) frequency of social media use; and (c) mode of
social media use. In the research, this variable is seen to possess a hypothesized relationship
with SHS students’ attention span in class. This hypothesized relationship is represented by the
two-headed arrow connecting both variables.

Activity 1. DIRECTION: Create a conceptual framework/ paradigm of the study out of the given
statement of the problem.

Research Question: Does a SHS student’s academic performance in Math haveany association
with his/her stress tolerance?
Statement of the Problem:
This study generally aims to determine if a SHS students’ academic performance in
Mathematics have any association with his/her stress tolerance.
Specifically, this study shall seek answers to the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of Grade 11 students of DLSAU in terms of:
1.1. sex?;
1.2. SHS strand?; and
1.3. final grade in General Mathematics?
2. What is the level of stress tolerance of Grade 11 students of DLSAU?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the DLSAU Grade 11 students’ final grade in General
Mathematics and their level of stress tolerance?
Conceptual Framework
Explanation of the Paradigm
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Rubrics
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Criteria 5 pts 4 pts 3 pts

Correctness Was able to create the Was able to create the Was able to create the
MOST appropriate conceptual framework conceptual framework
conceptual framework that is NOT YET the that is NOT appropriate
for the topic. best for the topic. for the topic.

Writing Style No errors in spelling, Have few errors in Have many errors in
and punctuation mark and spelling, punctuation spelling, punctuation
Grammar grammar mark and grammar mark and grammar

References:
Barrot, J.S.(2017) Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines: C&E Publishing, Inc.
Cristobal, A.P, Cristobal M.D. Practical Research for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines: C&E Publishing, Inc.
Luzano R. A, Napone M. P., Okit K.L. & Bañares M.C. Practical Research 2 Alternative Delivery Mode. Division of Cagayan de Oro:
Department of Education .

Student’s Reflection:
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Teacher’s Feedback/ Remarks:
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Prepared by:LYNJI S. PEDROSA, EdD/MT2