LIMIT FUNGSI

Limit fungsi: - Limit fungsi aljabar

- Limit fungsi trigonometri

Limit fungsi trigonometri

sin x x tan x x
lim =lim =lim =lim =1
x →0 x x→ 0 sin x x→0 x x→ 0 tan x

Pengembangan Teorema

Teorema 3:

lim [ f 1 ( x ) ± f 2 ( x ) ± ⋯ ± f n ( x ) ]=¿ lim f 1 (x) ± lim f 2 (x) ± ⋯ ± lim f n( x) ¿

x→ a x→ a x→a x →a

Teorema 4:

lim [ f 1 ( x ) ∙ f 2 ( x ) ∙ ⋯ ∙ f n ( x ) ]=¿ lim f 1 ( x)∙ lim f 2 ( x ) . ⋯ . lim f n( x ) ¿

x→ a x→ a x→a x →a

TAMBAHAN SELAIN TEOREMA 1 – 11 DI ATAS

g( x) lim f (x )∙ lim g (x)
1. lim [ 1+ f (x )] =e x →c x →c
, bila: lim
x →c
f ( x )=0 & lim g ( x )=∞
x →c
x →c

a n x n ± an−1 x n−1 ± a n−2 x n−2 ± ⋯ k 1

2. lim m m−1 m−2
=?
x→ ∞ bm x ± b m−1 x ± b m−2 x ± ⋯ k 2

a n x n ± an−1 x n−1 ± a n−2 x n−2 ± ⋯ k 1

Jika : - n < m lim m
x→ ∞ b x ± b
m−1 m−2
=0
m m−1 x ± b m−2 x ± ⋯ k 2

a n x n ± an−1 x n−1 ± a n−2 x n−2 ± ⋯ k 1 an

- n = m lim m
x→ ∞ b x ± b
m−1 m−2
± b m−2 x ± ⋯ k 2 bm
=
m m−1 x

a n x n ± an−1 x n−1 ± a n−2 x n−2 ± ⋯ k 1

- n > m lim
x→ ∞
m m−1
bm x ± b m−1 x ± b m−2 x ± ⋯ k 2
m−2
=∞
 lim [ ln { f ( x ) } ]=ln lim { f ( x ) }
3. x →c [ x→c ]
3. Bilangan tak tentu dalam persoalan limit adalah:
0 ∞
0 ; ∞ ; ∞−∞ ; 0∙∞ atau ∞ ∙0 ; 00 ; 0∞ ; 1∞

Contoh:
4 ( x 2−4 )
1.a lim
x →2
[x−2
=lim
x→ 2
] [
4 ( x+2 ) ( x−2 )
x−2
= lim [ 4 ∙ ( x+ 2 ) ]=16
x →2
]
x 3−27 ( x−3 ) ( x 2 +3 x+ 9 ) x 2+ 3 x +9
b. lim 2
x →3 [
x −9
=lim
x →3 ] [
( x−3 ) ( x+3 )
= lim
x →3 x +3 ] ( )
32+ 3.3+9 27 9
¿ = =
3+3 6 2

1 1 x
1
x
lim ( ) ∙ lim x lim
[( ) ]=e ( )=e =e
∙x lim
2.a.
x→ ∞ x[ ]
lim 1+ =e x =e x →∞ x→∞ x →∞ x x→∞ x 1

1
b. lim [ 1+ x ] =e
1
x
lim x ∙lim
x→0 x →0
( 1x )=e lim [ x ∙ ( x )]=e lim ( xx )=e1=e
x→ 0 x →0

x →0

4x 4x 4x −8 x −8
5 x−1 5 x +1−2 −2 lim
c. lim
x→ ∞ [ 5 x +1 ] =lim
x→∞ [ 5 x +1 ] = lim 1+
x→ ∞ [ 5 x +1 ] =e x→∞ 5 x+1
=e 5

−lim
{ x2 }
2 sin

2 12
2
1
d.
x→ 0
( 2x )
x →0 x→ 0
x
2

lim ( cos x ) =lim 1−2 sin

x
2 [ { ( )} ] x
=e
4∙

( x2 ) ∙ lim sin ( x2 )
=
e
−1
lim
2 x →0
{ }{ }
sin

( 2x ) x →0
(2x )
=e 2 =
−1
1
√e
2 2
Catatan: sin α + cos α = 1 2
; ( sin α =1−cos α & cos α =1−sin α )
2 2 2

2 2 2 2
cos 2 α = cos α − sin α = 1 − 2 sin α = 2 cos α − 1
 2
x x
cos x=cos 2
2
=1−2 sin
2 [ ( )] [ ( )]
2
x
x 2=4 () 2

x−1 x−1 −2 x+2

2 2
x→ ∞ [( ) ] [ ( ) ]
e. lim ln 1− x =ln lim 1−
x→ ∞ x
= ln e
lim
x→∞ x

¿ ln e−2=−2 ln e=−2

d. lim
x →0
ln (1+ x )
[
x ] [ 1
= lim { ln ( 1+ x ) } = lim ln ( 1+ x ) x
x →0 x x →0 ] [ ]
1
Catatan: Jika x → 0, maka x
→∞

1 x x

x →0
[ ]
[ ( )] [ ( )]
x
lim ln (1+ x ) = lim ln 1+
x →∞
1
x
=ln lim 1+
x→ ∞
1
x
= ln e=1

x x

)] ( ) 1 lim
Catatan: [ ( lim 1+ =e x→ ∞ x
=e 1=e
x→∞ x

x3 x2 x 7
3 2 3
±3 3
4
±2 3 ± 3
4 x ±3 x ± 2 x ±7 x x x x
3.a. lim 3 2
=lim 3 2
x→ ∞ 2 x ±3 x ± 4 x ± 5 x→∞ x x x 5
2 3 ±3 3 ± 4 3 ± 3
x x x x
1 1 7
4±3 ±2 2 ± 3
x x x
¿ lim
x →∞ 1 1 5
2± 3 ± 4 2 ± 3
x x x
1 1 7
4±3 ±2 2 ± 3
x x x
¿ lim
x →∞ 1 1 5
2± 3 ± 4 2 ± 3
x x x
 1 1 7
4±3 ±2 ±
∞ ∞ ∞ 4 ±0 ± 0 ± 0 4
¿ = = =2
1 1 5 2± 0 ± 0± 0 2
2± 3 ± 4 ±
∞ ∞ ∞

1−( cos x )2
4.a. lim
x →0
1−cos x
[
x
=lim
x→ 0 ] [( 1−cos x 1+cos x
x
∙ )(
1+cos x
=lim )]
x→ 0 x ( 1+cos x ) [ ]
( sin x )2
¿ lim
[
x→ 0 x ( 1+ cos x )
=lim
x→ 0 ]
sin x
x ( ) (
∙ lim
sin x
x → 0 1+cos x
=1
0
1+1
=0 )

{( sin x )2+ ( cos x )2 }+ {( sin x )2−( cos x )2 }

b. lim
x →0 [ 1−cos ( 2 x )
x
2 ] [
=lim
x→0 x
2 ]
( sin x )2 + ( cos x )2+ ( sin x )2−( cos x )2 2 ( sin x )2
¿ lim
x→ 0 [ x2 ] [ = ¿ lim
x →0 x2 ] ¿

( sin x )2
[ ]
¿ 2 ∙ lim
x →0 x2
=2 ∙1 ∙ 1=2

( sin x )2
Catatan: lim
x →0 [ ] (
x 2
=lim
x →0
sin x
x
∙ lim
x→ 0
sin x
) ( )
x
=1∙ 1

x x √ 1+ x + √ 1−x
c. lim
x →0 [ =lim
√1+ x−√ 1−x x →0 ] [( √ 1+ x−√ 1−x
∙ )( √ 1+ x + √ 1−x )]
¿ lim
x→ 0
[ x ( √ 1+ x+ ( √1−x ) )
1+ x −1+ x ] [
=lim
x→ 0
x ( √1+ x + √ 1−x )
2x ]
( √ 1+ x + √ 1−x )
¿ lim
x→ 0
[ 2 ] =√
1+0+ √1−0 1+1
2
=
2
=1

d.