Transimpedance amplifier.

Design a transimpedance amplifier using a ideal OP

RL  1k  with unipolar bias
Amp with a charge
voltage.
The input signal to the amplifier is a triangular current
wave from 1 A to 4 A , the designed amplifier must
generate an output voltage in a range between 0 V and
5V.

Figure 2. Graph of the output voltage of the transimpedance

amplifier.

By doing the sweep of the output resistance of the OP

ro  10 , 100 , 1k , 10k  y 100k  ) the
Amp, (
graphs shown in Figure 3 were obtained.
The graph clearly shows that as the output resistance
Figure 1. Transimpedance amplifier with T-feedback network increases, the output voltage graph is distorted, due to
The circuit to be used is shown in Figure 1, after an the effect of the load factor on the output of the OP
algebraic and circuit theory work, the following gain Amp.
equation was obtained:
Vo  R R 
Rm    R3 1  2  2 
I in  R4 R3 
Rm calculation was done with the output voltage
The
range and the input current range,
Vo 5V
  1, 67 106 V
I in 3 A A

R1 is chosen of a very large value, ideally infinite, so

that all the current circulates towards the OP Amp,
R1  1M  , we chose arbitrarily R2  10k  and
R4  100 , the calculated value of R3 is 16, 4k Figure 3. Different output voltage graphs for different output

The reference voltage was used to displace the voltage resistance values of the OP Amp.

signal at the output, this voltage was determined to be
VCC for the OP Amp was
1V. The polarization source
chosen from 10V.
With these values entered in the SIMetrix simulator we
obtain the output graph shown in Figure 2.
Low pass filter
Design a low-pass active filter with Chebyshev feature
with a passband ripple of 3dB and a suitable cutoff
frequency to obtain a low-harmonic sinusoidal signal
from the previous circuit’s triangular signal.
Initially, an analog behavior of the SIMetrix simulator
was used to make decisions about the order and
frequency of the cut-off to be made for the design of the
filter.
After several tests in the simulator, a fourth-order
chebyshev filter and a cutoff frequency of 2KHz were
chosen.
For the implementation of the fourth-order chebyshev
Figure 6. Frequency response of the designed filter.
filter, two second-order low-pass filters of the sallen key
Datasheet of the OP Amp
type in cascade were used, in Figure 4 we can see the
sallen key circuit for a second-order low-pass filter. The OP Amp chosen was the LM107, the parameters to
be measured by simulation are: open loop voltage gain
in DC, bandwidth for unit gain, offset voltage, slew rate
and maximum and minimum dynamic range.
For the measurement of the open loop gain in DC and
the bandwidth for unit gain the same circuit was used
and an AC analysis was performed to obtain the
frequency response graph of the OP Amp.

Figure 4. Sallen key second-order filter

To obtain the response chebyshev for the fourth-order

low-pass filter, the procedure described in section 13.4.2
of HORENSTEIN (1997) was used, thus obtaining the
values of the resistors and capacitors.
R  10k  was chosen to simplify the calculations.
C11  93, 6nF , C21  748,5 pF , C12  38, 6nF and
C21  8, 4nF

Figures 5 and 6 show the responses in time and

frequency respectively for the designed filter.
Figure 7. Graph of the open loop frequency response of the
OP Amp.

In Figure 7 we can see that the open loop gain in DC is

of 106,325 dB , which represents a gain of
106,325
10 20
 207,13V
mV and that the bandwidth for unit
gain (0 dB) is approximately 1MHz , which is quite
close to what is established in the datasheet of the
Figure 5. Time response for the filter designed to a triangular
LM107.
input from 0V to 5V.
To measurement the offset voltage connecting both In the Figure 9 we can obtain the dynamic range of the
inputs of the OP Amp to ground and measuring the OP Amp for a bias voltage of 15V , approximately the
voltage at the output of the OP Amp, once we have that output voltage behaves linearly between +13V and
voltage we divide it by the open loop gain of the OP -13V, meaning that the dynamic range is about 26 volts.
Amp and that will be the offset voltage of the OP Amp.
Vo  2,1913V , therefore, the
The voltage measured is of
offset voltage at the OP Amp input is:
2,1913V
Voff   10,579 V
207.130 .
The slew rate (SR) of an OP Amp is the ratio of voltage
change with respect to time, usually expressed in V  S
In the graph of the figure 8 we can see, that the OP Amp
delay 11, 02  S to change from 0V to 5V , which gives
5V
SR   0, 45V Vo vs Vin
11, 02 S Figure 9. Graph of
a slew rate of
The datasheet given by the manufacturer shows the
following:

Table 1. LM107 output voltage range parameters

From the table 1 we can calculate that the minimum

dynamic range is 24V and the typical or normal is 28V.
Class AB power amplifier
For the design of the power amplifier the Q2N222
Figure 8. Graph used to measure the rise time of the LM107. transistors and their complement the Q2N2907, and the
With the graph given by the manufacturer we can D1N4148 diode were used, the circuit configuration is
determine the slew rate of the OP Amp is shown in the figure 10.
SR  0, 48V
S
The dynamic range of the OP Amp, this is no more than
the range of the output voltage within which the OP
Amp operates linearly.
A DC sweep is performed to the input source of the OP
Amp in voltage follower configuration and the output
voltage is measured.
 Figure 10. Class AB power amplifier
It is required that the transistors remain polarized to
0, 25mA , therefore the diodes remain at I D  0,125mA
and the two resistors of the same value were assumed.
10V  0, 7V  0, 7V
R1  R2   34, 4k 
2  0,125mA
We obtain the power curve in the load depending on the
load resistance (see figure 11), for this we perform a
parametric sweep to this resistance.
It is observed that the maximum power transfer occurs
RL of 4 .
for approximately one
Figure 11. Load power curve as a function of load resistance.
Figure 12. Output signal of the amplifier with its respective
frequency spectrum.
In the figure 12 we can observe the output signals with
their respective frequency spectrum, a slight distortion is
observed, and this is due to the non-linearity of the
semiconductor devices used.
Interconnection of all units and presentation of
results.
At this point we proceed to connect the three circuits
designed in this project, in a first step with ideal
parameters and then replace the ideal OP Amps with the
one assigned for the project which was the LM107.
Figure 13 shows the output voltage graph along with its
frequency spectrum, for the circuit with the LM107 OP
Amp.
It is clearly seen with the voltage signal at the circuit
output with the LM107 beginning to distort at the
bottom, this is because the parameters of the operational
now begin to have real values and consequently affect
the waveform.
 Figure 13. Output voltage of the complete design together
with its frequency spectrum, for the circuit with the OP Amp
LM107

Bibliographic references.

Adel Sedra, Kenneth Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford

University Press, 7th edition. 2015

Bruce Carter, Ron Mancini, OP AMPS for everyone, Elsevier,

third edition, 2009

Mark Horenstein, Circuits and Microelectronic Devices,

Prentice Hall, Second Edition, 1997