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DBA Page
Design by Analysis Analysis Summary
6.1

The following tables summarise the checks carried out for the ten examples, specified in Section 5.
All fatigue results of welded regions are obtained for testing group 1 and, in general, based on the
principal stress range approach; in cases where the equivalent stress range approach is used this is
stated in a footnote.
Results are designated in terms of the routes used as follows:
DBF Design by formulae
DBS Design by analysis using the direct route elasto-plastic approach
DRC Design by analysis using the direct route elastic compensation approach
SC Design by analysis using the stress categorisation approach
NLG For information only: Result for non-linear geometry in the elasto-plastic approach
and in terms of the checks performed:
GPD Check against gross plastic deformation
PD Check against progressive plastic deformation
I Check against instability
F Calculation of allowable number of cycles according to the F-check
SE Check for static equilibrium

The result summaries are tabulated as follows:

Table 6.1 Example 1.1 “Thick unwelded flat end”
Table 6.2 Example 1.2 “Thin unwelded flat end”
Table 6.3 Example 1.3 “Welded-in flat end without nozzle”
Table 6.4 Example 1.4 “Welded-in flat end with nozzle”
Table 6.5 Example 2 “Storage tank (cylinder-cone junction)”
Table 6.6 Example 3.1 “Thin walled cylinder-cylinder intersection”
Table 6.7 Example 3.2 “Thick walled cylinder-cylinder intersection”
Table 6.8 Example 4 “Dished end with nozzle in knuckle region”
Table 6.9 Example 5 “Nozzle in spherical shell with cold medium injection”
Table 6.10 Example 6 “Jacketed vessel: jacket on cylindrical shell with flat
annular end plates”

Table 6.1: Analysis Summary for Example 1.1: “Thick unwelded flat end”
Project Member and Analysis Type
St. A A&AB WTCM Strathclyde TKS RWTUV CETIM
Design Check
DBF DRS DRS DRC DRS SC NLG
GPD PS(MPa) 60.87 58.02 60.1 62.8 69.7 [2] 58 -
17[1]
PD PS(MPa) 101.45 - 102.1 - 57.5[3] - -
I Not Required
F (cycles) infinity infinity - - - infinity - infinity
SE Not Required

[1] Conservative result as the geometry is at the limit allowed by DBF.

[2] Thick cylinder and head modelled using shell elements with pressure applied at inner radius (primary stresses are limiting).
[3] Thick cylinder and head modelled using shell elements with pressure applied at mean radius (primary stresses are limiting).
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Design by Analysis Analysis Summary
6.2

Table 6.2: Analysis Summary for Example 1.2: “Thin unwelded flat end”
Project Member and Analysis Type
St. A A&AB WTCM Strathclyde TKS RWTUV CETIM
Design Check
DBF DRS DRS DRC DRS SC NLG
GPD PS(MPa) 5.7 6.18 4.5 5.7 5.6[1] 5.6 -
4.2
PD PS(MPa) 7.9 - 7.25 - - -
I Not Required
F (cycles) 360000 - - - - 309600 - 375200
SE Not Required

[1] Primary stresses are limiting

Table 6.3: Analysis Summary for Example 1.3: “Welded-in flat end without nozzle”
Project Member and Analysis Type
St. A A&AB WTCM Strathclyde TKS RWTUV CETIM
Design Check
DBF DRS DRS DRC DRS SC NLG
GPD PS(MPa) 12.6 12.41 10.8 12.48 12.3[1] 12.4 -
12.7
PD PS(MPa) 13.3 - 13.3 - - -
I Not Required
[2]
F (cycles) 13581 6910 - - - 4665 - 14673[2]
SE Not Required

[1] Shakedown is limiting

[2] Equivalent stress range approach used.

Table 6.4: Analysis Summary for Example 1.4: “Welded-in flat end with nozzle”
Project Member and Analysis Type
St. A A&AB WTCM Strathclyde TKS RWTUV CETIM
Design Check
DBF DRS DRS DRC DRS SC NLG
GPD PS(MPa) 9.9 10.0 8.42 9.92 10.0 [1] 9.9[2] -
7.8
PD PS(MPa) 12.2 - 12.8 - - -
I Not Required
F (cycles) 28600[3] 21010 - - - 14570 - 26947[3]
SE Not Required

[1] Primary stresses are limiting

[2] 5% maximum absolute value of principal strain exceeded at this load.
[3] Equivalent stress range approach used.
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Design by Analysis Analysis Summary
6.3

Table 6.5: Analysis Summary for Example 2: “Storage tank (cylinder-cone junction)”
Design Check Project Member and Analysis Type
Load St. A A&AB Strathclyde TKS CETIM
Case
DBF DRS DRC SC
GPD PS(MPa) Admissible Admissible -
1
PD PS(MPa) Admissible - -
GPD PS(MPa) Admissible Admissible -
2
PD PS(MPa) Admissible - -
GPD PS(MPa) Admissible Admissible -
3
PD PS(MPa) Admissible - -
- I Admissible Admissible - -
- F (cycles) - - - 830 1984[2]
- SE - Admissible[1] - - -

[1] Bolting required for wind load only.

[2] Equivalent stress range approach used.

Load Cases:
(1) Hydrostatic pressure at maximum medium level, dead weight, wind load, and for PD check only, thermal stresses.
(2) Hydrostatic pressure at minimum medium level, draining pressure, dead weight and wind load, and for PD check only, thermal
stresses.
(3) Draining pressure, dead weight and wind load, and, for PD check only, thermal stresses.

Table 6.6: Analysis Summary for Example 3.1: “Thin walled cylinder-cylinder intersection”
Project Member and Analysis Type
St. A A&AB Strathclyde WTCM CETIM
Design Check
DBF DRS DRC DRS SC
[1]
GPD PS(MPa) 0.39 0.467 0.383 0.45 -
0.28
[2]
PD PS(MPa) 0.5 1.34 - -
I Not Required
F load A 96500[3] - - - - 122770[3]
(cycles) load B 1710[3] - - - - 1042[3]
SE Not Required

[1] The 5% maximum absolute principal strain rule can currently not be used in elastic compensation, resulting in a much higher load
corresponding to loss of equilibrium between the external applied loads and internal stresses and strains. See Chapter 3 for
more details.
[2] This value exceeds the 2RM limit placed on shakedown at the discontinuity, for more information see the analysis details.
[3] Equivalent stress range approach used.

load (A): constant moment, varying pressure

load (B): constant pressure, varying moment
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Design by Analysis Analysis Summary
6.4
Table 6.7: Analysis Summary for Example 3.2: “Thick walled cylinder-cylinder intersection”
Project Member and Analysis Type
St. A A&AB Strathclyde Strathclyde WTCM CETIM
Design Check
DBF DRS DRC DRS SC
GPD PS(MPa) 14.79 11.5 15.1 14.25 - -
14.09
PD PS(MPa) 17.65 13.7 - - -
I Not Required
[1]
F load A - 70865 - - - 59494[1] 55474[1]
(cycles) load B - 1160 - - - - 790[1]
SE Not Required
[1] Equivalent stress range approach used
load (A): constant moment, varying pressure
load (B): constant pressure, varying moment
Table 6.8: Analysis Summary for Example 4: “Dished end with nozzle in knuckle region”
Project Member and Analysis Type
St. A A&AB Strathclyde WTCM RWTUV CETIM
Design Check
DBF DRS DRC DRS SC NLG
GPD PS(MPa) 0.375 0.41[1] 0.42 0.263 0.42[2] -
0.583 [5] [3]
PD PS(MPa) 0.289 0.271 - - -
0.375[6]
I Not Required
[4]
F (cycles) 2000 4072 - - - - 880[4]
SE Not Required
[1] The 5% maximum absolute principal strain rule can currently not be used in elastic compensation, resulting in a much higher load
corresponding to loss of equilibrium between the external applied loads and internal stresses and strains. See Chapter 3.3 for
more details.
[2] 5% maximum absolute value of principal strain exceeded at this load.
[3] Modelled with shell elements – thus simplified geometry and discontinuities.
[4] Equivalent stress range approach used.
[5] Shakedown limit pressure
[6] Allowable number of cycles: 1440. See Chapter 7.9 for more details.
Table 6.9: Analysis Summary for Example 5: “Nozzle in spherical shell with cold injection”
Project Member and Analysis Type
St. A A&AB JRC Strathclyde WTCM TKS CETIM
Design Check
DBF DRS DRS DRC DRS SC SC
[1] [2] [2]
PS max (MPa) 13.013 13.04 13.125 11.1 11.43 -
GPD - Admis. Admis. N-A N-A N-A [3]
N-A [4] -
[5] [5]
PD - N-A N-A - - -
I Not Required
F (cycles) - - - - - - 13 9.8[6]
SE Not Required
[1] Maximum allowable pressure according to the GPD-check.
[2] Defined internal pressure, PS is 0.9xPSmaxDBF = 11.71MPa, therefore, load is non-admissible.
[3] No pressure allowable due to the magnitude of the thermal stresses according to the conditions of the SC Route.
[4] The allowable pressure for the primary stress criterion only is 12.8 MPa using ANSYS and 11.7 MPa using BOSOR.
[5] The thermal stress prevents the structure from shaking down at the applied load and is therefore non-admissible according to the
PD-check.
[6] 9.8 full cycles (start up – shut down + 500 cold media injection).
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Design by Analysis Analysis Summary
6.5

Table 6.10: Analysis Summary for Example 6: “Jacketed vessel: jacket on cylindrical shell with flat
annular end plates”
Project Member and Analysis Type
Load Design St. A A&AB Strathclyde WTCM RWTUV CETIM
Case Check
DBF DRS DRC NLG DRS NLG
[1]
PS maxGPD (MPa) 1.35 1.19 2.0 1.26 1.23 -
1.3
GPD [3] Admissible Non- Admissible Non- Non- -
1
Admissible Admissible Admissible
PD Admissible Admissible - - - -
GPD [3] Admissible Non- Admissible Non- Non- -
2
Admissible Admissible Admissible
PD Admissible Admissible - - - -
GPD Admissible Admissible Admissible Admissible Admissible Admissible -
3
PD Admissible - - - - -
4 PD - Admissible - - - - -
GPD Admissible Admissible Admissible Admissible Admissible Admissible -
5
PD Admissible - - - - -
- I - Admissible Admissible - - - -
- F (cycles) - 20506 - - 20695 - 67953[2]
- SE Not Required

[1] Maximum calculated allowable pressure in the dished end (pressure limiting component)
[2] Equivalent stress range approach used
[3] To meet DBF requirements the thickness of upper stiffener should be increased from 13.5 to 28 mm and the dimensions of the
lower stiffener from 20x110 mm2 to 41x125 mm2.
Load Cases:
(1) Inner chamber internal pressure PSi = 1.3 MPa (4) Inner chamber internal pressure PSi = 1.3 MPa
Outer chamber internal pressure PSo = 0.5 MPa Outer chamber internal pressure PSo = 0.5 MPa
temperature in both chambers TSi = 160oC temperature in inner chamber TSi = 160oC
(2) Inner chamber internal pressure PSi = 1.3 MPa temperature in outer chamber TSo = 10oC
Outer chamber internal pressure PSo = 0.0 MPa (5) Inner chamber internal pressure PSi = 0.0 MPa
temperature in both chambers TSi = 160oC Outer chamber internal pressure PSo = 0.5 MPa
(3) Inner chamber internal pressure PSi = -0.1 MPa temperature in inner chamber TSi = 20oC
Outer chamber internal pressure PSo = 0.5 MPa temperature in outer chamber TSo = 10oC
temperature in inner chamber TSi = 160oC
temperature in outer chamber TSo = 10oC