Diversion Head Works Components and Design

CENG 6606 -Hydraulic Structure II, Department of Civil Engineering, AAiT, AAU
Diversion head works
General:
The structures constructed across a river source for

flow diverting purpose.
The headworks can be either diversion headworks

(Metahra, Tibila) or storage headwork (Tendaho)
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Components
•Weir or Barrage
•Divide Wall
•Fish Ladder
•Approach Canal
•Silt prevention device
•Canal head regulator
•River training works

Wonji pumped diversion

Woaka Tio gravity and pumped diversion

Tibila gravity diversion

A headwork serves the following purposes:
•A headwork raises the water level in the river

•It regulates the intake of water into the canal
•It also controls the entry of silt into the canal
•A headwork can also store water for small
periods of time.
•Reduces fluctuations in the level of supply in river

Diversion head works (weir Vs barrage)


• Arizona diversion weir in 1903

Diversion head works:

Terminologies:
Afflux: The rise in the maximum flood level (HFL) u/s of

the weir caused due to the construction of the weir
across the river
Pond level: The water-level required in the pond

adjacent to canal head regulator, so as to feed the canal
with its full supply level (FSL) which depends the level of
the irrigated areas and slope of the canal which generally
obtained by adding 1.0 to 1.2 m to FSL


DESIGN OF WEIR
Data required to dimension different parts (such as
vertical cutoff, impervious floor, etc.) of a weir include:
(i) longitudinal section and cross-section of river at
the weir site,
(ii) stage-discharge relationship including HFL and the
corresponding discharge,
(iii) characteristics of suspended sediment and river
bed material, and
(iv) canal data such as full supply level and the
corresponding discharge, canal crosssection,
longitudinal section, etc.
Q = Q/B (m2/s)
R = in m

Diversion head works – discharge over the weir estimate
Where H = depth of water at high flood + velocity head + afflux (m)

n = number of openings
L = span (m)

Diversion head works – discharge under sluice (all cases)
top
Total discharge capacity of

the barrage is Q under sluice + Q
Over the barrage crest / weir (m3/s); and
this > Q design flood

Diversion head works:

Failure: uplift of foundation and/or piping
Loss of head HL is
proportional to length
of creep


Initial length of weir b can be estimated from C*L >H;

and b = L-2d1-2d2 etc.




Diversion head works, thickness t calculation

Diversion head works, total floor length determination
Knowing the value of safe exit gradient G =GE from

canal bed material, the head H and the depth of the
downstream cut-off, one can determine the total
floor length, b:


Khosla
proposed
simpler
design
method
called
Independent
Variable
method:
Created
simple
profiles:


Diversion head works Khosla MIV corrections




Diversion head works Khosla MIV method

C = 1/ [safe Exist
gradient foundation
based]

H = Head over the weir crest when
flood passes

Diversion head works –Design example


Diversion head works –Design example –Pile 1


Diversion head works –Design example, u/s pile No 1

Diversion head works –Design example pile 2
















Assignment # 2:
• Design a weir with vertical face. Design pond water level is 165 masl, river
bed is boulder and gravel with significant depth, river top width is 200 m,
bottom width 175 m, water depth of bankfull river is 17 m. River bed is
151 masl. Use the weir geometry (ogee shape), Excel calculation, drawing
with Authocad required.
• (a) estimate the cutoff depth(s), Pile depth can go more than 40 m (no
rock)
• (b) Determine subsoil HG line and thickness of the weir floor
• © Design the sluice size given that the design Q (T=50 year) is bank-full
discharge and river slope of 1/5000. Assume that head regulator clear
width is 50 m. Allowable afflux is 1.5 m.
• (d) Check if the foundation soil is able to support the weir (foundation
design)
• Optional [design ogee shape using CG principle. And also determine the
minimum reinforcement, and the concrete mix)

Canal Head Regulators
The head regulator is usually aligned at an

angle of 90° to 110° (the weir axis with the
head regulator axis) minimises entry of
sediment into the offtaking canal and prevents
backflow and stagnation zones in the under
sluice pocket upstream of the regulator.

The discharge through the regulator is controlled
by gates.
Steel gates of 2 to 6 to 8 m spans are generally

used.
However, larger spans can also be used in which

case the gates are operated by electric winches.


Canal Head
Regulators


The pond level upstream of the canal head regulator, is

obtained by adding the working head of about 1.0 to 1.2 m
to the designed full supply level of the canal.
The level of the crest of the head regulator is obtained by

subtracting from the pond level, the head over the crest
required to pass the full supply discharge in the canal at the
specific pond level.
The crest of the regulator is always kept higher than the sill
of the undersluices to prevent entry of sediment into the
canal.
Canal Head CENG 6606 -Hydraulic Structure II, Department of Civil Engineering, AAiT,
Regulators AAU

Canal Head
Regulators

Canal Head
Regulators
Drowned weir equation
If sloping glacis provided with more drop (non-drowned case) Q = 1.7 (L-knH)H^1.5; H = Diff
b/n pond level and canal regulator crest
Canal Head
Regulators

Given q and Drop HL (Pond level- Full supply level of canal)
Determination of y1 =d1 and y2=d2

U/s face of galcis/weir
vertical to 1 in 2; while the
d/s side b/n 1 in 3to 1 in 5
The level of the d/s

horizontal floor is
Water Resources Engineering: Principles and Practice
determined by the
By Challa Satya Murthy.
consideration that the
hydraulic jump shall
not form lower than
the toe of the glacis.
Given q and Drop HL (Pond level- Full supply level of canal)
Compute X from:
y1 and y2 then estimated
The glacis level at which jump will form = (u/s TEL ie Pond level – (Ef1 =y1 +v21/2g), see
where this elevation falls on the glacis if not found on trial glacis then redesign glacis
Diversion head works, total floor length determination
The total floor length can be divided (from d/s to u/s)

into Cistern length, glacis length and upstream floor
(a) X2 = Jump or Cistern length = 5 (d2-d1) to 6 (d2-
d1);
(b) X1= Glacis length = 3 to 5 times (crest level –
cistern level)
(c) Upstream floor = the balance (from Khosla L or b).

Determination of profile of jump on galcis
The given
value of x
measured from
jump
formation
point, then the
value of y is
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Canal Head
Regulators
The height of the gates is equal to the difference of the pond
level and the crest level of the regulator + FB
But during high floods, the water level in the river would be
much higher than the pond level, and the flood water may
spill over the gates.
It would, obviously, be very uneconomical to provide gates up

to the HFL. Besides the cost of heavier gates, the machinery
required to operate them under large water pressures would
also be expensive. To prevent such spilling of flood water into
the canal, an RCC breast wall between the pond level and
HFL, and spanning between adjacent piers is always provided
Canal Head regulators - Design example 2:

Design example 2: Canal head regulator

Design example 2: Canal regulator




Hydraulic jump conditions for two cases









b, t to be designed
B to be designed


Diversion head works –Design example 2: Canal regulator

–Design example 2: Canal regulator
D
Thickness of apron
Length of Lunching apron


Diversion head works –Design example 2: Canal regulator

t* Apron length (L) – 2.25*D

Assignment No2: Canal regulator, sub: 23 Nov 2016.
Redesign the example canal head regulator for Q = 50 m3/s,

maximum flood level is increased by 1.5 m (264.7 masl),
sluice crown, canal invert elevations are the same.
Produce a drawing for your design excel + AutoCAD.

Canal bottom width is free to fix, canal depth plus freeboard
should not be more than 3.5 m, s=1/10000. (Rectangular to
trapezoidal shape transition be done). Draw a section along
pond -canal head regulator-canal. Canal bed material is clay.
Determine the crown of the breast-wall. Calculate the
location of the jump on the glacis.

Diversion Head Works Components and Design

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CENG 6606 -Hydraulic Structure II, Department of Civil Engineering, AAiT, AAU

Diversion head works

The structures constructed across a river source for

The headworks can be either diversion headworks

26/06/2020 Yilma Seleshi HSII 1

Diversion head works

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Diversion head works

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Diversion head works

A headwork serves the following purposes:

•A headwork raises the water level in the river

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Diversion head works (weir Vs barrage)

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Diversion head works

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Diversion head works:

Afflux: The rise in the maximum flood level (HFL) u/s of

Pond level: The water-level required in the pond

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Diversion head works

Diversion head works

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Diversion head works – discharge over the weir estimate

Where H = depth of water at high flood + velocity head + afflux (m)

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Diversion head works – discharge under sluice (all cases)

Total discharge capacity of

Diversion head works

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Diversion head works:

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Diversion head works

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Diversion head works

Initial length of weir b can be estimated from C*L >H;

Diversion head works

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Diversion head works

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Diversion head works

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Diversion head works

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Diversion head works, thickness t calculation

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Diversion head works, total floor length determination

Knowing the value of safe exit gradient G =GE from

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Diversion head works

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Diversion head works

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Diversion head works Khosla MIV corrections

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Diversion head works Khosla MIV corrections

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