Stat 101 Formula Sheets

Hypothesis Testing: One Population

Hypothesis Tests for the Population Mean
Alternative Hypothesis Rejection
Null Hypothesis (Ho) Test Statistic
(Ha) Region

𝜇 < 𝜇& 𝑧 < − 𝑧3

𝟐
Case 1: 𝝈 is known 𝑋, − 𝜇&
𝜇 > 𝜇& 𝑍= 𝜎 𝑧 > 𝑧3
𝜇 = 𝜇& 1 𝑛
𝜇 ≠ 𝜇& √ |𝑧| > 𝑧3
5

𝜇 < 𝜇& 𝑡 < − 𝑡3, :;<

Case 2: 𝝈𝟐 is unknown 𝑋, − 𝜇&
and n ≤ 30 𝜇 > 𝜇& 𝑇= 𝑠 𝑡 > 𝑡3, :;<
1 𝑛
𝜇 = 𝜇& 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇& √ |𝑡| > 𝑡3, :;<
5

Case 3: 𝝈𝟐 is unknown 𝜇 < 𝜇& 𝑧 < − 𝑧3

𝑋, − 𝜇&
and n > 30 𝜇 > 𝜇& 𝑍= 𝑠 𝑧 > 𝑧3
1 𝑛
𝜇 = 𝜇& 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇& √ |𝑧| > 𝑧3
5

Hypothesis Tests for the Population Proportion

Null Hypothesis Alternative Rejection
Test Statistic
(Ho) Hypothesis (Ha) Region
𝑌 − 𝑛𝑝&
𝑍=
𝑃 < 𝑃& @𝑛𝑝& (1 − 𝑝& ) 𝑧 < − 𝑧3
𝑃 = 𝑃& 𝑃 > 𝑃& 𝑧 > 𝑧3
𝑃 ≠ 𝑃& where Y is the number of successes in a |𝑧| > 𝑧3
5
random sample of size n

Hypothesis Testing: Two Populations

Hypothesis Tests for the Difference of Means (Independent Samples)

Alternative
Null Hypothesis (Ho) Hypothesis Test Statistic Rejection Region
(Ha)

𝜇F − 𝜇G < 𝑑& (𝑋, − 𝑌,) − 𝑑& 𝑧 < − 𝑧3

Case 1: 𝝈𝟐𝑿 and 𝝈𝟐𝒀 are 𝑍=
known 𝜇F − 𝜇G > 𝑑& 𝑧 > 𝑧3
𝜎5 𝜎5
𝜇F − 𝜇G = 𝑑& I F+ G |𝑧| > 𝑧3
𝜇F − 𝜇G ≠ 𝑑& 𝑛< 𝑛5 5

1
 (𝑋, − 𝑌,) − 𝑑&
𝑇= 𝑡 < − 𝑡3, :P Q:R ;5
Case 2: 𝝈𝟐𝑿 and 𝝈𝟐𝒀 are 𝜇F − 𝜇G < 𝑑& 1 1
𝑆L M𝑛 + 𝑛
unknown but 𝝈𝟐𝑿 = 𝝈𝟐𝒀 𝜇F − 𝜇G > 𝑑& < 5 𝑡 > 𝑡3,:P Q:R ;5
𝜇F − 𝜇G = 𝑑& 𝜇F − 𝜇G ≠ 𝑑& (𝑛< − 1)𝑆F5 + (𝑛5 − 1)𝑆G5 |𝑡| > 𝑡3,: Q: ;5
𝑆N = I 5 P R
𝑛< + 𝑛5 − 2

𝑡 < − 𝑡3,S
𝑡 > 𝑡3,S
𝜇F − 𝜇G < 𝑑& (𝑋, − 𝑌,) − 𝑑&
Case 3: 𝝈𝟐𝑿 and 𝝈𝟐𝒀 are 𝑇= |𝑡| > 𝑡3,S
5
unknown but 𝝈𝟐𝑿 ≠ 𝝈𝟐𝒀 𝜇F − 𝜇G > 𝑑& 𝑠5 𝑠5 5
𝜇F − 𝜇G = 𝑑&
I F+ G 𝑠5 𝑠5
U F1𝑛< + G1𝑛5 V
𝜇F − 𝜇G ≠ 𝑑& 𝑛< 𝑛5 𝑣= 5 5
𝑠5 𝑠5
U F1𝑛< V U G1𝑛5 V
+
𝑛< − 1 𝑛5 − 1

Case 4: 𝝈𝟐𝑿 and 𝝈𝟐𝒀 are 𝜇F − 𝜇G < 𝑑& (𝑋, − 𝑌,) − 𝑑& 𝑧 < − 𝑧3
unknown but 𝒏𝟏 > 𝑍=
𝜇F − 𝜇G > 𝑑& 𝑧 > 𝑧3
𝟑𝟎, 𝒏𝟐 > 𝟑𝟎 𝑠F5 𝑠G5
I + |𝑧| > 𝑧3
𝜇F − 𝜇G = 𝑑& 𝜇F − 𝜇G ≠ 𝑑& 𝑛< 𝑛5 5

Hypothesis Tests for the Difference of Means (Related Samples)

Null Hypothesis (Ho) Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) Test Statistic Rejection Region

𝜇[ < 𝑑& ] − 𝑑&

𝐷 𝑡 < − 𝑡3, :;<
𝑇= 𝑡 > 𝑡3, :;<
𝜇[ = 𝑑& 𝜇[ > 𝑑& 𝑆[
^ |𝑡| > 𝑡3, :;<
𝜇[ ≠ 𝑑& √𝑛 5

:
1 ] )5
∑: (𝐷 − 𝐷
] = _ 𝐷` = 𝑋, − 𝑌, 𝑠[ = I `a< `
𝐷
𝑛 𝑛−1
`a<

Hypothesis Tests for the Difference of Proportions

Null Hypothesis Alternative Rejection
Test Statistic
(Ho) Hypothesis (Ha) Region

𝑝̂< − 𝑝̂5
𝑍=
𝑃< − 𝑃5 < 0 1 1 𝑧 < − 𝑧3
M𝑝̂ (1 − 𝑝̂ ) e + f
𝑃< − 𝑃5 = 0 𝑃< − 𝑃5 > 0 𝑛< 𝑛5 𝑧 > 𝑧3
𝑃< − 𝑃5 ≠ 0 FQG |𝑧| > 𝑧3
Where 𝑝̂ = 5
:P Q:R