COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT

Ecols St. Brgy. Commonwealth, Quezon City
School Year 2019-2020

THE EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTIONS OF

STUDENT-ENTREPRENEURS

TOWARD BUSINESS

A Quantitative Research

Presented to

The Faculty of Senior High School Department

Commonwealth High School

Ecol Street, Commowealth, Quezon City

In Partial Fulfilment

Of the Research for the III

For Accountancy, Business and Management Strand in Senior High School

By

Buno, Ian

Falales, Mc Steven R.

Parohinog, Jorik O.

Quintela, Maria Marjorie Y.

November 25, 2019

Mr. Calvin Dulay

Adviser
 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT
Ecols St. Brgy. Commonwealth, Quezon City
School Year 2019-2020

Chapter 1
The Problem and its background
Introduction

Entrepreneurship education is becoming more prominent, with many students seeking

out extra-curricular activities and taking on additional classes in order to learn more

about how to succeed in business. Collaboration and multi-disciplinary working is

becoming more the norm, increasing the average student’s exposure to entrepreneurial

activities and thinking.

According to Schumpeter, entrepreneurship is the process of designing,

launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business. The

people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs.An entrepreneur is a

person who creates a new company, bears most of the risks and receives most of the

rewards. The businessman is commonly seen as an innovator, a source of new ideas,

products, services and/or procedures.

According to EmmersonCsobra, (2014)entrepreneurship is an activity that cannot

only enhance students’ success academically, but strengthen confidence and still

qualities and skill conducive to success upon graduation and entrepreneurship prepares

students for long-term academic and work achievement. If you have got an idea,

university is an idea opportunity to pursue it.

 The definition of Entrepreneurshipfor this study is formulated from the practitioner

view of Tjan, Harrington and Hsieh,(2012). Even though there has been significant

research on academic entrepreneurship, academics being entrepreneurs is a

moderately marginal phenomenon when compared to “the large number ofstudent

entrepreneurs who are educatedand fostered in the university context,and who often

continue to develop theirnew firm in interaction with the university after graduation”

Politisetal.,(2011). Astudent-entrepeneur is someone who combines academic activities

with business. He is a owner or the manager of the business enterprise who, by risk and

initiative attempts to make a profit and combine this with academics.

Background of the Study

Entrepreneurship is an important part of developing countries, as it canhelp

develop and contribute greatly to the country. Entrepreneurship is a process that

integrates people, opportunities, and resources Timmons &Spinelli, (2009).

Conducting research about experience and perception of the student-

entrepeneurs towards in business are all about finding what are the problems and

opportunities of the students who starting up their own business or managing their

enterprise while working their academics. This research helps them to know what are

the advantage and disadvantage being a student-entrepeneur and what are the

perception of having own enterprise.Entrepreneurial activity is considered as one of the

risks that are too high for undertaken by inexperienced studentsCharitomeni&Dimitra,

(2015).
 The purpose of this paper is to define the term “studentpreneur” and stimulate

research in the field of student entrepreneurship. A research is proposed to further the

knowledge of student entrepreneurship. The paper identifies student entrepreneurship

as an emerging phenomenon that provides a dual opportunity. Julien M. &Dr. Antoine

H., (2015)

COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT
Ecols St. Brgy. Commonwealth, Quezon City
School Year 2019-2020

Theoretical Framework

Student entrepreneurs operate within a challenging environment balancing

entrepreneurial work activities and study life.Merchand, (2014)

The framework of the study is based on Brazeal and Herbert (1999) Theory

development of how student entrepreneurs think, learn and work: uncovering deep

insights into the cognitive processes of student entrepreneur lived experiences to

develop a cue inventory of student entrepreneurship “the study of entrepreneurship is

still in its “infancy” with the same said of the student entrepreneur nearly fifteen years

later. While a plethora of academic and popular literature exists on entrepreneurs and

their success/failure, a paucity of research exists on the cognitive processes student

entrepreneurs use to think, learn and work in a challenging environment requiring

balancing work and study life.

Purewal, (2001) said Entrepreneurs are defined in a multitude of ways in the

literature. However, the same is not true for student entrepreneurs. For Entrepreneurs

they see themselves as “dream merchants” and based on the statement of Baghai and

Cooley, (2000) “build emerging businesses rather than extending and defending

existing businesses”

The key focus of this study is researching the lived experience of the student

entrepreneur. Furthermore, the nature of the lived experience allows an exploration of

the cognitive processes student entrepreneurs undertaking study at university use to

learn new skills, generate innovative solutions and balance study work life.
 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT
Ecols St. Brgy. Commonwealth, Quezon City
School Year 2019-2020

Conceptual Framework

STUDENT ENTREPRENUER

EXPERIENCES PERCEPTIONS

Figure I Research paradigm

The figure above showsthe relationship of experiences and perception of

students who are operating business. The experiences shows how they manage their

responsibility being a student and doing their enterprise while perception shows what

they think or thoughts of running a business while studying.

Definition of Terms

For further knowledge, the researcher presented the most reevant

Business – It is a type of activity which students earn profit by making and selling a

product.

Experience –it is a situation wherein a student has experienced in doing business.

Entrepreneur - A person who organize, manage and operates a business.

Student-preneur - A student entrepreneur is someone who combines being enrolled

in an educational institution with building his or her own business while studying.

Perception -Perception is a process by which people regard, analyse, retrieve and

react to any kind of information from the environment. It is perception of a students in

doing entrepreneurship together with academics.

 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT
Ecols St. Brgy. Commonwealth, Quezon City
School Year 2019-2020

Statement of the problem

While conducting this research, the researchers want to know more about of how

coping up their problems and opportunities as well of being a studentpreneur. Hence,

answers to the following questions will be sought:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age,

b. grade level, and

c. types of business?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being student-entreprenuer?

 3. What are the perceived solutions to the disadvantages encountered by the

student-entreprenuers?

Significance of the study

The result of this research could be highly significant and beneficial specifically to

the following:

Students. This study can be a learning paradigm for the students who want to

put up a business while studying and enhance their knowledge and entrepreneurial

skills as well. This study is designed to help students improve academic competence,

develop employ-ability and managing skills, implement a career plan and participate in a

career pathway in preparation for having a successful business. The study will focus on

how student entrepreneur handle their enterprise while doing the academics and to

know the experiences and perceptions of students towards in entrepreneurship.

School Administration.The study will help the school to determine the needs of

students and the experiences as well. And also that this study can help to know the

experiences of how being a student entrepreneur and it might give a seminar for those

students who want to put a business while studying.

Teachers.It also considers the teachers who give knowledge to student and also

help them to know more about the experiences of student who study while having their

enterprise. And this study can provide an information about the life as a student

entrepreneur.
 Future Researchers.This study will help the future researcher to know more

about the process we did and the people involve that hardly seek. Their problem will

help this research to make easier of finding and information they want to know about

student entrepreneur.

Scope and Delimitation

This study was limited to high school and college students who are having a

business while doing their academics who were enrolled during the school year of 2019-

2020 in both public and private school at 2nd District Quezon City.

This study was undertaken from September-January 2019. The students in this

condition were presented with different characteristics, but the researchers focused on

identifying the experiences and perceptions of student-entrepreneurs. Thus, the

Personal Questionnaire was used as one of the instruments in this study to identify on

what they are experiences and perceptions do the respondent belong. This study does

not enclose benefits received by students outside of this matter.

Respondents of this study were high school and college students both enrolled in public

and private school at 2nd District Quezon City.

COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT
Ecols St. Brgy. Commonwealth, Quezon City
School Year 2019-2020
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature

The purpose of Chapter Two, Student Entrepreneurship: a Research Agenda

Marchand, Hermens&Sood(2015), is not only to provide a critical review of the literature

but to justify my use of the term ‘studentpreneur’ for the rest of the research. A broader

definition contends: “He isn’t only interested in building businesses. He’s also the

political science major who starts a political organization, using it as a platform to

connect thinkers from other disciplines” Torenberg, (2012).

In an environment with growing economic instability and uncertainty, many young

entrepreneurs are driven to start their own businesses rather than pursuetraditional

employment paths Coates &Edwards, (2009). Even though there has been significant

research on academic entrepreneurship, academics being entrepreneurs is a

moderately marginal phenomenon when compared to “the large number of student

entrepreneurs who are educated and fostered in the university context, and who often

continue to develop their new firm in interaction with the university after graduation”

(Politis et al., 2011).

The research begins from much of the previous work by discussing the student

entrepreneur, not just as a student attending entrepreneurial classes, but as running a

business on near campus while taking formal college award courses at the same time.

The business must be innovative (not a reproduction of a traditional business) and

atleast at the incubator start-up stage (generating revenue) in order to further refine the

definition of the phenomenon of student entrepreneurs. Consequently, for this research

agenda, the concept of student entrepreneur is as follows: the student entrepreneur is a

person attending university award classes and performing creative and revenue-

generating business activities. After further exposure to conferences on

entrepreneurship, the authors concluded that even if the definition is changed and

shared, a student entrepreneur’s general understanding remains as a student enrolled

in an entrepreneurship course. For this reason, the new term “studentpreneur” is used

to clearly depart from that general understanding. Definition of studentpreneur for this

research agenda: the studentpreneur is an individual attending award classes at

university and conducting innovative revenue generating entrepreneurial activities.

Local Literature

Philippines Entrepreneurship is seen as necessary to empower the

disadvantaged, increase development, and drive innovation.Article XII Section 1

emphasizes the role of private enterprises in fostering an equal distribution of income

and wealth, in supporting the production of goods and services and in increasing

productivity, thus improving the quality of life.OECD, (2009).

From the literature review, the works of Ramos , (2014) found that

entrepreneurial intention is unaffected by the students’ family background, family

income, and bachelor’s degrees, and Mendoza and Lacap, (2015) identified that

respondents’ openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and

neuroticism have significant relationships with entrepreneurial intentions.

 The current state of entrepreneurship education in the Philippines in status of

entrepreneurship education is evaluated through the analysis of entrepreneurship

education curricula and practices in the Philippines and to suggest policy measures in

the promotion, development and creation, growth, and sustainability of more

entrepreneurial undertaking. Entrepreneurship education in the Philippines is heavily

focused on the development of entrepreneurs in terms of encouraging start-ups.

However, there is lack of focus in developing creativity and innovation as a mindset of

the student in the formal education system. There is also minimal support from the

academe and industry to aid nascent entrepreneurial undertaking to grow and sustain

the business. Velasco (2013)

Foreign Studies

"Entrepreneurial intention" or "intention" in general is defined as a state of mind

that directs the attention, experience and action of a person towards a specific goal or a

path to achieving business goal. Entrepreneurial action was associated with "intentional

conduct". The theory of company intentions indicates the characteristics defined by the

behavior, abilities and environmental influences of a person as well as psychological

characteristics. Literature seems to have eliminated the intention of becoming an

entrepreneur or participating in entrepreneurial activities; two main theories were also

applied to investigate the intention of becoming entrepreneurs, particularly among

students. Such two theories are expected behavior theory (TPB) proposed by Ajzen and

entrepreneurial design by Ajzen. Meanwhile, the recent study categorizes the theories

of Ajzen and Shapero into two groups, pushing and pulling forces. The push factors,

according to the analysis, mean those forces such as family background, societal
norms, and the need for achievement that force a person to entreHow to quote this

paper: Joseph, I., (2017).

For a person, the same factors can be a pull factor and perhaps a push factor for

another. Push and pull factors influence the commitment of a person to enterprise. This

current study therefore tends to investigate such claims among international students

residing in Klang Valley, Malaysia, using Planned Behaviour Theory

However, typically, studies on intentions do not focus on students who already

run a business but on larger samples of students attending (or not in some cases)

entrepreneurship classes. As a result, the findings of such studies may or may not apply

to Studentpreneurs; further research is required to validate this hypothesis or otherwise.

The most common limitation of behavioural intention studies applied

toentrepreneurship, as noted by Walter et al., (2011).

Local Studies

The Philippine Development Plan (PDP) further enhances the push towards

entrepreneurship through trade and investment to achieve the goal of economic

development and job creation by the government. Macroeconomic stability, education,

trade and investment, agribusiness, power sector reforms, infrastructure, innovation,

science and technology, and anti-corruption initiatives are being pursued on the basis of

the strategy to improve the competitiveness of the Philippines and contribute to job

creation. Evangelista, (2013)

There is limited research on entrepreneurial inclinations and intentions from

the Philippines. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the level of entrepreneurial

inclination of Filipino.SHS students, particularly those who are under the ABM track.
Since the K to 12 programs started only in school year 2016-2017, it is timely to come

up with an undertaking that will gauge the inclination of SHS students to

entrepreneurship. Specifically, the study identifies the significant differences in

respondents’ entrepreneurial inclination when the groups are based on: school

affiliation, sex, age, plan to pursue a college degree, and family business

background.Lacap (2017)

COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT
Ecols St. Brgy. Commonwealth, Quezon City
School Year 2019-2020

Chapter III

Research Methodology

Research design

This study employed a descriptive research design that uses a survey strategy

for data collection. A descriptive research is all about describing people, who take part
in the study so as to provide information about the naturally occurring status,Behaviour,

attitudes or other characteristics of a particular group Kowalczyk, (2015).

According to Shona McCombes, (2019) Descriptive research aims to accurately

and systematically describes a population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer

what, when, where, when and how questions, but not why questions. To determine

cause and effect, experimental research is required.

The major reason why a descriptive survey was selected for this study was to enable

the researchers to capture views from a large cross section of the population of

respondents thus ensuring that a variety of ideas whether conflicting or agreeing on the

experiences and perception of students towards entrepreneurship education.

Population and sampling

The population of the study consisted minimum of 30 respondents who went

through the entrepreneurship programme while studying at the 2nd district of Quezon

City. These students were high school and college.as they do entrepreneurship in these

institutions are only done by students at that level. Homogeneous sampling that was

used to purposive sample that is selected for having a shared characteristic or set of

characteristics. In that case we need to understand the significance of being student-

entrepreneur, so we need to ask what are they experiences towards business.

Homogeneous sampling focuses on “focuses on one particular subgroup in

which all the sample members are similar, such as a particular occupation or level in an

organization’s hierarchy”

Research Instrument
 A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A structured

questionnaire is defined as a research instrument based predominantly on closed

questions which produce data that can be analyzed quantitatively for patterns and

trendsCreswell, (2012). SPSS is software for editing and analyzing all sorts of data.

These data may come from basically any source: scientific research, a customer

database, Google Analytics or even the server log files of a website. SPSS can open all

file formats that are commonly used for structured data such as spreadsheets from MS

Excel or OpenOffice; plain text files (.txt or .csv); relational (SQL) databases; Stata and

SAS.

Statistical Treatment

The statistical treatments used in this study were Statistical Package for the

Social Sciences (SPSS) to answer and interpret problems. SPSS was used, following

the formula below:

 COMMONWEALTH HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT
Ecols St. Brgy. Commonwealth, Quezon City
School Year 2019-2020

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