Politeknik Penerbangan

Indonesia - Curug
Experience – Knowledge - Quality
Abnormal and Emergency
Procedures
By
Wisnu Darjono
 Emergency or abnormal situations.
examples
• Fire on board the aircraft;
• Aircraft component failure or malfunction (e.g. engine failure, landing gear
malfunction or loss of pressurisation);
• Shortage of fuel (or other essential consumable substance);
• Flight crew uncertain of position;
• Worsening weather;
• Pilot incapacitation (e.g. as a result of illness);
• Aircraft damage (e.g. as a result of collision, bird strike or extreme weather;
• Illegal activity (e.g. bomb-threat, wilful damage or hi-jacking).

3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 3

Learning Objective for this Session
After participating in this learning activity, training participants
are able to:
• Explain the types of fire extinguisher that must be on board of an
aircraft and the number
• Explain ATC procedures in handling aircraft that have a fire in the
air
• Describe the ASSIST principle

3/31/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 4

 Result of Emergency or Abnormal Situations.
An emergency or abnormal situation may result in it being
impossible to continue the flight to destination as planned,
resulting in one or more of the following outcomes:
• Loss of altitude;
• Emergency descend;
• High speed descend
• High rate of descend
• Diversion to a nearby aerodrome;
• Forced landing.

3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 5

 170 kt
s IAS

Norm
al d escen
d

220 kt
s IAS
High spee
d descen
d

3/31/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 6

1000 f
eet / m
inute
Norm
al d escen
d
250
0 fe
et p
er m
in u
te

Hig
hr
ate
of
d esc
en
d

3/31/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 7

3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 8
In-Flight Fire
• Fire in the air is one of the most hazardous situations that a flight
crew can be faced with.
• Without aggressive intervention by the flight crew, a fire on board an
aircraft can lead to the catastrophic loss of that aircraft within a very
short space of time.
• Once a fire has become established, it is unlikely that the crew will be
able to extinguish it.
• To stand any chance of survival in the face of an uncontrolled fire,
the aircraft must land as soon as possible.
Bursting into flame
3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 9
The Film : Fire Extingusihants

ATPL Airframe System

3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 10

 Effects of Fire In The Passenger Cabin
• Crew Incapacitation.
• Heat, toxic smoke, and fumes building up in this confined space can quickly
incapacitate the crew and passengers and may lead to death by suffocation or the
inhalation of toxic gasses.
• Loss of Control.
• Panic among passengers, rushing to either end of the aeroplane may create an out of
balance condition making the aircraft difficult to control.
• Aircraft systems may be damaged leading to a loss of control situation.

3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 11

3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 12
Seek Help and Warn
• Having acknowledged the emergency call, the controller should
immediately inform the supervisor and/or colleagues of the situation.
• Warn adjacent sectors and airfields:
• emergency services at the potential diversion airfields will welcome as
much warning as possible.
• The likelihood is that the runway will be closed when the subject aircraft
lands with obvious repercussions for other inbound aircraft.
• Best practice embedded in the ASSIST principle could be followed:
(A - Acknowledge; S - Separate, S - Silence; I - Inform, S - Support, T - Time)

3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 13

 ASSIST
• A - acknowledge the fire/smoke problem, ask for the crews’ intentions when the situation
permits, and establish whether the crew is able control the fire/smoke;
• S - separate the aircraft from other traffic, provide accurate and optimal vectors, prioritise
it for landing (assist with a minimum track mile pattern if requested), keep the active
runway clear of departures, arrivals and vehicles;
• S - silence the non-urgent calls (as required) and use separate frequency where possible;
• I - inform the airport emergency services and all concerned parties according to local
procedures;
• S - support the flight experiencing fire/smoke problems with any information requested
and deemed necessary (e.g. type of approach, runway length and aerodrome details, etc.);
• T - provide time for the crew to assess the situation, don’t press with non urgent matters.
3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 14
Coordination With Other Agencies
• The ATCO serves as the focal point for dissemination of information to other
agencies, such as the diversion airfield or Rescue and Fire Fighting Services, which
have a legitimate need to know. Once the pilot has communicated their
intentions, the ATCO should be able to provide concerned agencies with:
• Aircraft situation, position and intentions;
• Time to touch down;
• Post landing intentions (stop on runway for inspection, immediate evacuation,
etc);
• Any critical information that can be obtained from the affected aircraft on a "non-
interference" basis such as:
• Presence of dangerous goods;
• Number of persons on board;
• Fuel remaining, etc.

3/30/21 WDTU//Abnormal and Emergency Procedure 15