Battery Parameter Estimation

Nissan Leaf

Presented by
Shanmugam,Thayalan
Udayakumar, Praveenkumar

PWT Embedded EV | January 2018

Renault Nissan Confidential C
RNTBCI – Brief Introduction
Based in Chennai, India Established in 2007

More than 6,300 employees R-N’s only Alliance R&D center

Competitive alliance center

• Product Engineering
ENGINEERING • Production Engineering • Information System/
• Research and Advanced IS/IT Information Technology
Engineering

2
Renault Nissan Confidential C
OBJECTIVE

B AT T E R Y T E S T S

B AT T E R Y M O D E L
B AT T E R Y D Y N A M I C
CHARACTERISTICS
M E T H O D O L O G Y & O P T I M I Z AT I O N

D ATA R E D U C T I O N

BENEFITS

3
Renault Nissan Confidential C
OBJECTIVE Factors that influence the capacity

▪ Rate of charge and discharge

▪ Temperature
▪ Self discharge (internal resistance)
▪ Cycle number
▪ Over charge

Proper battery model is needed

• Robust testing of BMS at HIL.

• Developing Proper controlling algorithm
(ASW).
• Analyzing battery performance w.r.t
different chemistry
• To prevent accelerated aging effect

4
Renault Nissan Confidential C
 BATTERY TESTING
To check the aging effect, degradation and state of health
Batteries under go some current tests
▪ Pulse Current Discharge
▪ Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization
▪ Static Capacity
▪ Self Discharge
▪ Energy Efficiency
▪ Cold Cranking

Pulse Current Discharge Test Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization Test

5
Renault Nissan Confidential C
 BATTERY MODEL Batteries Real-time determination of the parameter is challenging
• Non linear Systems

DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODELS EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT BASED MODELS

✓ Electrical models i. Thevenin equivalent model

▪Thermal models ii. First, second and third order model
▪Electrochemical models iii. Linear electric model
▪Interdisciplinary iv. Non-linear electrical model
models(electro – thermal) v. Impedance based models Second order model is used
iv

iii

6
Renault Nissan Confidential C
 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A BATTERY

What are parameters? Figure: 1

How does parameters effect in battery voltage?

Instantaneous Response
Due to ohmic effects

Delayed Response

Internal Resistance
𝑉0 Figure: 2
𝑅0 =
𝐼𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 Due to
Due to charge transfer diffusion
Parallel Resistance
𝑉2 (𝑡3 ሻ
𝑅1 = −𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
1−𝑒 𝜏 ∗ 𝐼𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒

𝜏 =RC
Parallel Capacitance
𝜏
𝐶1 =
𝑅1

7
Renault Nissan Confidential C
Ucell representation using 2 RC

HPPC data

Open Circuit Voltage

Voltage due to
Internal Resistance

Characteristics
remaining

fmincon

Only Urc curve fitted using fmincon function from Matlab

8
Renault Nissan Confidential C
 OPTIMIZATION
fmincon(FUN,X,A,B,Aeq,Beq,LB,UB,NONLCON,options,varargin)

Objective func

Constraint func

Fmincon solver

9
Renault Nissan Confidential C
 METHODOLOGY PARAMETER ESTIMATION PARAMETER UPDATION
Equivalent Circuit Modelling is the most Estimator used here is OPTIMIZATION TOOL
common approach for battery analysis
Estimation method Fmincon
Parameters
• Series Resistance (Ri) ➢ Parameters (Ro, Rn, Cn) depends on the
• Parallel Resistance (Rn) Input current, Capacity, SOC and SOH
Current
• Parallel Capacitance (Cn) Temperature
T1

T2

Objective func SOC T3

Constraint func
Ro,Rn,Cn
Assumption
• No Self discharge
• R1,C1 and R2, C2 changes w.r.t SOC in
Fmincon solver
a pulse ON and assumed throughout
estimation
• 1RC parameters derived from 2 RC
components.
• Over/Under voltage pulses are
eliminated.

10
Renault Nissan Confidential C
 WORK FLOW
SOH
Current
T1 Ro R1
Parameter Estimation T2

SOC T3

Ro,Rn,Cn
HPPC

C1

Ucell
4.5
Actual
4 Simulated

in [V]
SOC OCV 3.5

3
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
in [S]
Ucell diff (Actual-Simulation)
0.1
Ucell Difference
Lower limit(-50mV)

in [V]
0
Upper limit(50mV)

-0.1
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
in [S]
Ibat
100
Ibat
0

in [A]
-100
Current
-200
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
Drive Cycles in [S]

Battery Plant model 100

Drive Cycle
SOC inst
SOC

in [%]
50

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 1112000 14000
Renault Nissan
in [S] Confidential C
Temperature
 Data reduction Out layer rejection Centered Moving Avg filtering
SOH
Current Normal distribution
T1

T2 Remove : > Three standard

distribution (99.73%) 3σ
SOC T3
100 pnt

Raw Data
Ro,Rn,Cn 99.73%
250 pnt

Raw Data vs Reduced Data

Raw data 1

Remove non boundary

values
Ucell difference
Out layer rejection
Ucell Difference - Averaged

0
Averaging filter

12
Renault Nissan Confidential C
BENEFITS
95%

time, accuracy
Convergence,
Less Complex Model 75% 80%

Faster Parameter Estimation

1 RC
1 RC

2 RC
95% of accuracy in tuning parameters
methods
Effective capturing of nonlinear effects Lsq curve fit fmincon
System
identification
No manual tuning of parameters required for validation

Plant model with the estimated

parameters are used in the HIL test
bench

Battery Plant model

13
Renault Nissan Confidential C
MATLAB ASSISTANCE
➢ Helped in handling a huge data
Battery Test Bench (>10GB)
➢ Easy to analyze data
Excel : Data Collecting
➢ Make robust automation
Data Extraction : Pulses & Validation Data (m-script) ➢ Estimated results used in HIL/MIL
➢ Reduced data are used ASW
Valid Pulse Check (data validity) (m-script) calibration
Battery Pack Generation
Estimation of Parameters (Optimization toolbox) Automated
Data Reduction (statistics toolbox )

Validation with Plant Model (Simulink:-Simscape)

Battery Pack Generation (Simulink & m-script)

Battery Pack Comparison with HV Test Bench (m-script)

14
Renault Nissan Confidential C
 REFERENCES

• “Battery testing procedures” - Maciej Swierczynski

• “How to model a battery, is a source and a resistor enough?” - J.M. Timmermans

• https://www.google.fr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahU
KEwjGpamq2t7YAhUGYlAKHYw8BtEQFggnMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fetd.ohiolink.edu%2F!etd
.send_file%3Faccession%3Dosu1306937891%26disposition%3Dinline&usg=AOvVaw3o10OzmcB
Ne7YSk33hHkF_

15
Renault Nissan Confidential C
 16
Renault Nissan Confidential C
 THANK YOU
GO GREEN

R N
17
Renault Nissan Confidential C