WORK BOOK

PLANT TAXONOMY

NAME : YOLANDA ANGGRAENI

NIM : 190210103128
GROUP :2
CLASS :D

BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF MIPA EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF JEMBER
2021
 EVENT II
DIVISI PTERIDOPHYTA

Topic : Morphology of the members of the Pteridophyta Division

Objective : 1. To show the morphological characteristics of several genera of
members of the Pteridophyta Division that are around the environment
2. Students can distinguish the characteristics of these clans
Materials : 1. Paku cakar ayam (Sellaginella) 3. Paku ekor kuda (Equisetum sp.)
2. Suplir (Adiantum sp.) 4. Semanggi sawah (Marsilea crenata)
atau Kiambang (Salvinia sp.)

OBSERVATION RESULT:
PICTURE INFORMATION

1. Paku Cakar Ayam (Sellaginella) Caption:

1. Strobilus
2. Dorsal leaf
3. Ventral leaf
4. Leaf
5. Stem
6. Rhizopore
7. Root
Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pteridophyta
Class: Lycopodiaceae
Order: Selaginellales
Family: Selaginellaceae
Genus: Selaginella
Species: Selaginella sp.
(Source: Itis.gov, Tuesday 03-30-2021,
Hours: 20.54)
Additional information:
➢ It is characterized by a sharp branching
and most species have small, scaly
leaves of two different sizes.
➢ The length of the leaves is about 2 mm
and 1 mm wide, which are microfilic
leaves because they have the same leaf
size as each other.
➢ The shape of the leaf tips is tapered, the
edges of the leaves are jagged.
➢ The surface of the Selaginella leaves is
smooth, hairy.
➢ Based on its function, this plant is
distinguished from tropophyll leaves
(sterile leaves) which only function for
photosynthesis and sporophils (fertile
leaves) which produce sporangium with
a slightly rounded or inverted ovoid
shape or like trumpets.
➢ This plant has a ligula on the underside
of the leaf which functions as a water
sucker.
➢ The color of the trunk is green and
usually has two branches and each
branch has two more branches.
➢ The roots of this selaginella are
monopodial branching fibers. Root form
thin, smooth, and hard.
➢ This fern has different protalium and has
two houses, this sex separation occurs in
the formation of spores and the size is
different, so this fern is called
heterospora ferns.
➢ Reproduction by opening the sporangium
and by opening the sporangium, the
spores will be thrown out, the spores and
sporangium will develop to form
protalium.
➢ This Selaginella habitat is on rocks or
river cliffs
 PICTURES INFORMATION

2. Suplir (Adiantum sp.) Caption:

1. Roots
2. Young leaves are elongated
3. Trunk
4. Leaves
5. Sorus
6. Stolon

Classification:
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pteridophyta
Class: Filicinae
Order: Filicales
Family: Polypodiaceae
Genus: Adiantum
Species: Adiantum peruvianum
(Source: Itis.gov, Friday 03-30-2021, Hours:
20.57)

Additional information:
➢ Adiantum peruvianum is green in color
which has parts in the form of leaves,
stems, roots, spores and has no flowers.
➢ The shape of the leaves of this fern is not
elongated, but tends to be rounded, the
leaves function in the photosynthesis
process which contains chlorophyll and
also as a place for spores to attach.
➢ In this plant, the part of the stem that
already has a conveyor bundle is known, so
that the stem functions in the process of
absorption of nutrients from the soil to the
leaves for further photosynthesis.
➢ The roots of this plant are in the form of
fibers that grow from the rhizome.
➢ Spores are a means of reproduction in these
plants which are dispersive in nature.
➢ Oval shaped sorus is located at each top of
the indentation on the leaf edge.
➢ There are plants that have single-housed
spores and are the same size called
homospores / isospores. - On the lower
surface of fertile leaves (sporophils) there
 are brown spots which are often called
sorus.
➢ This sorus is a collection of sporangium, in
each sporangium there are spore stem cells
that will divide mitosisally which will
➢ Produces a number of spores of the same
shape and size.
➢ Habitat is in tropical areas, on moist soil,
peat and rich in organic matter (humus).

PICTURES INFORMATION

3. Paku ekor kuda (Equisetum sp.) Caption:

1. Strobillus
2. Fertile Stems
3. Young Stems
4. Leaves
5. Stem Sterile
6. Lateral Branch
7. End rods
8. Adventist roots
9. Spermatophore
10. Spores

Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pteridophyta
Class: Equisetopsida
Order: Equisetales
Family: Equisetaceae
Genera: Equisetum
Species. : Equisetum sp.
(Source: Itis.gov, Friday 03-30-2021,
Hours: 21.01)

Additional information:
➢ It has single, small leaves with a spiral
arrangement. The leaves are shaped like
transparent scales.
➢ The stem has a cavity and internodes in
green. While the sporangium is in the
stobilus.
➢ The green plant stems are segmented, with
a hole in the middle, which acts as a
photosynthetic organ to replace the
leaves.
➢ The stems can be branched. The branches
sit around the main trunk.
➢ This stem contains a lot of silica. There
are groups whose trunks are branched in
a craggy position and some are single
branched.
➢ The leaves on all members of this plant
are not well developed, only resembling
scales that sit on crags covering the
internodes. - Spores are stored in club-
shaped structures called strobilus (plural
strobili) which are located at the end of
the stem (apical).
➢ Generally, only one kind of spores
produced by horsetail (homospor)
➢ Horsetail likes wet soil, both sandy and
loamy, some even grow in water (hollow
stems help adapt to this environment).
 PICTURES INFORMATION

4. Semanggi sawah (Marsilea crenata) Caption:

atau Kiambang (Salvinia sp.) 1. Leaves
2. Sporocarp
3. Rhizome
4. Root (Root)

Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pteridophyta
Class: Pteridopsida
Order: Marsileales
Family: Marsileaceae
Genus: Marsilea
Species: Marsilea crenata.
(Source: Itis.gov, Friday 03-26-2021,
Hours: 22.04)

Additional information:
➢ Clover is a type of plant with clearly
distinguishable leaves, stems and roots.
➢ The average clover plant has four leaves
with a length of about 2.5 cm and a width
of about 2.3 cm. Clover leaves have a thin
texture and are also soft to the touch
➢ Semanggi has three kinds of leaves based
on the growing position. The three types
of leaves are floating leaves on water or
floating leaves, submerged leaves, and
aerial leaves.
➢ Stalks or stems are perpendicular and
grow in a symmetrical circle. This form
is known as the caudex
➢ Has a long-growing root structure or
rhizome
➢ Clover grows in areas that are flooded
with water but must have an adequate
supply of sunlight
 ➢ Clover plants reproduce sexually by using
spores and asexually by using rhizomes
or roots

PICTURES INFORMATION

5. Young Spores Additional information:

 The sporophyll has a spore box called a
sporangium, usually located on the
underside of the leaves.
 Sporangium is a body that produces
spores. Sporangiums are collected in a
box called sorus.
 The sorus collection is called sori. Sorus
is collection of circles small brown
containing many spore boxes
 The sorus is protected by a wrapper
called an indusium.
 The sporangium consists of the
sporangiophores, annulus, operculum,
and peristome.
 The sporangiophore is the sporangium
stalk.
 The annulus is a series of dead cells that
surround the sporangium.
 The cell walls of the annulus are thick,
except for those facing outwards.
 The annulus functions to remove spores
by pressing on the sporangium. The
operculum is the lid of the spore box.
 The peristome is the locking tooth that
surrounds the operculum
 PICTURES INFORMATION

6. Archegonium and Antheridium ➢ Protalium is the phase in ferns in an adult

state and is ready to produce sexual
organs.
➢ Protalus is part of protalium when it just
germinates from spores. Protalus is sheet
shaped and has roots at the base
➢ Antheridium is a male reproductive tool.
consists of sperm. sperm still need water
for fertilization.
➢ Archegonium is a female breed that
contains black-spotted eggs.

Archegonium (female sex cells)

 is shaped like a bottle which produces

egg cells-Archegonium (female
gametangium) is shaped like a bottle with
a wide part called the stomach, the
narrow is called the neck.
 The stomach and neck have a wall
consisting of a layer of cells.
archegonium produces one egg (ovum).
 The egg is fertilized by sperm in the
archegonium so that it develops into an
embryo that is contained in the protective
sheath of the female organ.
 When the archegonium is ripe and the
egg is ready to be fertilized, the
archegonium opens at the end.
 At the time of cooking each archegonium
produces an egg

Antheridia Gametophyte

 is a thalloid, called prothallus. It is a free-

living gametophyte bearing sex organs,
antheridia and archegonia.
 The antheridia are small hemispherical
structures enclosing 32-48 sporocytes
(Spore mother cell).
 Anteridium or anterida (plural: anteridia)
is a haploid organ structure.
 These structures which can produce
gametes called anterozoid or sperm.
 The spermatogenous cells give rise to
spermatids via mitotic cell division.
 Anteridium is found in the gametophyte
phase of the life cycle such as bryophytes,
ferns, and psilotopsida.
ATTACHMENT