Mathematics in Modern World

a. Measures of central tendency

– are numeral descriptive measures which indicate or located the center of a distribution
or a data set.
3 measures of central tendency

Mean -

Median-

Mode-

b. Measures of Dispersion
- a measure of variability of a set of data is a number that conveys the idea of spread for
the data set. Example of ;
Range - measures the distance between the largest and smallest value.
Range (R) = highest value – lowest value
Variance – a given data set is the square of the standard deviation of the data.

Standard Deviation – is a measure of how spread out of numbers .

c. Measures of Relative Position

- Indicating the value below which a given percentage of observation in a group of
observations fall.
z = value-mean
standard deviation