Adverbs

Carol dr ves carefully. (How does she dr ve?)

I looked for her everywhere. (Where d d you look for her?)
She came to London yesterday. (When d d she come to London?)

Adverbs are generally d v ded nto seven groups:

1) Manner: slowly, bravely, carefully, s mply, qu etly...

2) Place: there, here, up, down, near...
3) T me: yesterday, tomorrow, now, yet, st ll...
4) Frequency: never, always, often, once, tw ce...
5) Sentence: actually, really, obv ously, ev dently...
6) Degree: very, qu te, rather, fa rly, hardly...
7) Focus: just, only, s mply, even, also...

Form ng Adverbs

They are generally made from adject ves.

Many adverbs of manner and degree are formed by putt ng -ly at the end of an adject ves.

slow - slowly happy - happ ly

cold - coldly rap d - rap dly

bad - badly k nd - k ndly

I don’t know why, but they spoke to me coldly.

The weather was awfully cold.
You should treat people gently.
Please, dr ve the car slowly.

When an adject ve ends n consonant + y, t becomes - ly.

busy - bus ly
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 happy - happ ly
easy - eas ly
heavy - heav ly

She s work ng bus ly.

Chuck passed the test eas ly.

When an adject ve ends n -le, we om t -e and add -(l)y

noble - nobly
poss ble - poss bly
s mple - s mply
gentle - gently

Ex: My mom brushes my ha r gently every day.

When an adject ves ends n -e, we keep -e and add -ly.

extreme - extremely
free - freely
brave - bravely
safe - safely

H s pol t cal deas are extremely dull.

Our army fought bravely.

When an adject ve ends n - c, we add -ally.

Systemat c - systemat cally

Phonet c - phonet cally

We searched the att c systemat cally.

Mrs. Burns wanted us to wr te the words phonet cally.

Degrees of Adverbs
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 Pos t ve : Expresses a qual ty w thout a compar son.

Ivan walks slowly.

Comparat ve : Expresses a h gher or lower degree than the pos t ve.

Ida walks faster than Ivan.

Superlat ve : Expresses the h ghest or the lowest degree when compar ng more than two
th ngs/persons.

Brad walks the slowest.

1. Adverbs hav ng the same form as adject ves:

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

fast faster the fastest

early earl er the earl est

late later the latest

hard harder the hardest

They came earl er than me.

Kenyans always w n pr zes n marathons because they run the fastest of all.
My parents’ plane w ll arr ve later than my uncle's.

2. Adverbs formed w th –ly.

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

eas ly more eas ly most eas ly

qu ckly more qu ckly most qu ckly

fluently more fluently most fluently

carefully more carefully most carefully

L nda dr ves more carefully than her husband.

El zabethTh
speaks
s webs Engl shcook
te uses theesmost fluently.
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 3. Irregular adverbs

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

well better the best

badly worse the worst

far father / further the farthest / the furthest

much more the most

Who speaks Engl sh the best?

They do everyth ng worse than us.

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