1) Shape of smooth surface caries in enamel is

A. V shaped
B. Inverted V shaped
C. Lateral spread
D. No particular shape
Explanation: Smooth surface caries in enamel is cone – shaped with the apex (smallest area) at the
dentino-enamel (DE) junction.
2) Refers to the carrying of the marginal outline to the points it will occupy in the finished restoration – or
refers to the extent of the preparation on the surface of the tooth:
a. Outline form
b. Resistance form
c. Retention form
d. Convenience form
Explanation: Resistance form is the internal form of a cavity which enables the tooth and restoration to
best resist or withstand the forces of mastication, retention form enables the restoration to resists
displacement while convenience form is the extension of the preparation so that it may be most
conveniently seen approached, and restored.

3) According to Euclid’s theory, “A smile, when viewed from the front, is considered to be esthetically
pleasing if each tooth in that smile (starting from the midline) is approximately ___% of the apparent
mesiodistal width of the tooth immediately mesial to it”
A. 60%
B. 65%
C. 70%
D. 75%
Explanation: A smile, when viewed from the front, is considered to be esthetically pleasing if each tooth in
that smile (starting from the midline) is approximately 60% of the apparent mesiodistal width of the tooth
immediately mesial to it (Sturdevant 7th Edition, page 266)

4) In what generation of adhesive system does the surface active comonomer NPG-GMA has been develop?
A. First Generation
B. Third Generation
C. Fifth Generation
D. Seventh Generation
Explanation: The development of the surface-active comonomer NPG-GMA was the basis for Cervident,
which is considered the first-generation dentin bonding system. (Sturdevant 7th Edition, page 143)

5) Calcium hydroxide is regarded as a good pulp capping agent because

A. It creates a better cavity seal than other materials
B. Its alkaline nature is non-irritating to pulp
C. The pulp responds by forming secondary dentin
D. It has a sedative effect on the pulp
Explanation: As Wells explained in those areas that are very near to the pulp or involve an actual pulpal
exposure, CaOH is the base of choice since it acts as a mild irritant and stimulates the odontoblasts to
form secondary dentin. When used in the case of a direct exposures it is referred to as a direct pulp
capping.

6) The filler in a composite filling material may be:

A. Quartz
B. Barium Glass
C. Aluminum
D. Silane
Explanation: Silane is a coupling agent.

7) What is mechanical adhesion?

 A. Chemical bonding between the adhesive and the adherend; the forces involved may be primary (ionic
and covalent) or secondary (hydrogen bonds, dipole interaction, or van der Waals) valence forces
B. An electrical double layer at the interface of a metal with a polymer that is part of the total bonding
mechanism
C. Interlocking of the adhesive with irregularities in the surface of the substrate, or adherend
D. Interlocking between mobile molecules, such as the adhesion of two polymers through diffusion of
polymer chain ends across an interface
Explanation: Mechanical adhesion—interlocking of the adhesive with irregularities in the surface of the
substrate, or adherend (Sturdevant 7th Edition, page 136)

8) What could be use immediately after etching and before priming of the dentin for desensitization purposes?
A. 5% glutaraldehyde
B. 35% HEMA solution
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
Explanation: The use of a 5% glutaraldehyde / 35% HEMA solution theoretically may be used
immediately after etching and before priming of the dentin. (Sturdevant 7th Edition, page 134)

9) The most effective dental cement is stimulating growth of secondary dentin is one of the following:
A. ZOE
B. CaOH
C. Carboxylate Cement
D. Zinc Phosphate Cement
Explanation: Calcium hydroxide tends accelerates the formation of secondary dentin over the exposed
pulp.

10) What is the other term used for “compomers”?

A. Traditional Glass Ionomers
B. Hybrid Glass Ionomers
C. Polyacid-Modified Resin Composites
D. Metal-Modified Glass Ionomers
E. Light-Cured Glass Ionomers
Explanation: These composites contain polymer-based composites and also glass ionomers, with the
exception of water. Although the name compomer implies that the material possesses a combination of
characteristics of both composites and glass ionomers, these materials are essentially polymer-based
composites that have been slightly modified to take advantage of the potential fluoride behavior of glass
ionomers.

11) Aside from CaOH, what could be used as an alternative liner when pulp exposure happens?
A. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
B. Zinc Oxide Eugenol
C. HEMA Solution
D. Zinc Phosphate Cement
Explanation: Alternatively, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) liners have been found to be effective for
direct pulp capping. (Sturdevant 7th Edition, page 130)

12) What are the three fundamental elements of color?

A. Color, Lightness, Darkness
B. Hue, Value, Chroma
C. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
D. Brightness, Contrast, Value
Explanation: Three fundamental elements of color are hue, value, and chroma. (Sturdevant 7th Edition,
page 268)

13) Reparative dentin is produced by:

A. Cavity Preparations
 B. Pulpotomy
C. Pulpectomy
D. None of the above
Explanation: Reparative dentin is formed in response to an irritant, such as caries, disease, or drilling to
prepare a cavity for filling.
14) What hand cutting instrument is primarily used to remove softened dentin from a carious tooth?
A. Gingival Marginal Trimmer
B. Hatchet
C. Excavator
D. Chisel
Explanation: Hatchet is used to remove undermined enamel, gingival margin trimmer for placing a bevel
along to gingival margin of the preparation while chisel is used to cleave or split undermined enamel.

15) In vital bleaching procedures (dentist prescribed, home-applied technique), how many percent does a
carbamide peroxide has?
A. 25%-30
B. 20%-25%
C. 15%-20%
D. 10-15%
Explanation: The advantages of the dentist-prescribed, home-applied technique are the use of a lower
concentration of peroxide (generally 10% to 15% carbamide peroxide), ease of application, minimal side
effects, and lower cost because of the reduced chair time required for treatment. (Sturdevant 7 th Edition,
page 279)

16) According to ICDAS, what is code 4?

A. Underlying dark shadow from dentin, with or without localized enamel breakdown
B. Distinct cavity with visible dentin; frank cavitation involving less than half of a tooth surface
C. Distinct visual change in enamel; seen when wet, white or colored, “wider” than the fissure/fossa
D. Extensive distinct cavity with dentin; cavity is deep and wide involving more than half of the tooth
Explanation: The ICDAS uses a two-stage process to record the status of the caries lesion. The first is a
code for the severity of the caries lesion and the second is for the restorative status of the tooth. he status of
the caries severity is determined visually on a scale of 0 to 6: 0 = sound tooth structure 1 = first visual
change in enamel 2 = distinct visual change in enamel 3 = enamel breakdown, no dentin visible 4 =
dentinal shadow (not cavitated into dentin) 5 = distinct cavity with visible dentin 6 = extensive distinct
cavity with visible dentin. (Sturdevant 7th Edition, page 98-99)

17) According to G.V. Black, how many steps are there in cavity preparation?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
Explanation: There are 7 steps in cavity preparation namely: outline form, resistance form, retention form,
convenience form, removal of remaining decay, finishing of enamel margins or walls, and toilet or
cleansing of the cavity.

18) This type of instrument grasp, the triangle of forces is formed by the ball of the thumb, the palm, and the
second finger:
A. Modified palm-and-thumb grasp
b. Reverse (inverted) pen grasp
c. Palm-and-thumb grasp
d. None of the above
Explanation: From the modified pen grasp, the reverse pen grasp is assumed by rotating the wrist making
the working end of the instrument face the operator while in the palm-and-thumb grasp, the instrument
handle is held between the palm and the four fingers.

19) Flowable composite resin materials has how many percent of filler content?
 A. 5%-10%
B. 15%-25%
C. 30%-65%
D. 70%-85%
Explanation: In recent years manufacturers have introduced a group of materials designated as
“flowable” composite resin materials these materials represent a wide range of products, with filler
content ranging between 35% and 65% by weight. (Sturdevant 7th Edition, page 472)

20) Bleaching can last up to how many years?

A. Approximately 2weeks-4weeks
B. Approximately 1 month-6months
C. Approximately 6 months-12 months
D. Approximately 1 year-3 years
Explanation: Bleaching generally has an approximate lifespan of 1 to 3 years, although the change may be
permanent in some situations. (Sturdevant 7th Edition, page 277)