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    Augniz Rana
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    This document discusses the classification and structure of bones and cartilage. It describes the different types of bones, including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones. It also discusses the composition of bones, bone cells, and the histological classification of bones into compact bone and spongy bone. The document further describes the structure and types of cartilage, including hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, and their functions in the body.

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    This document discusses the classification and structure of bones and cartilage. It describes the different types of bones, including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones. It also discusses the composition of bones, bone cells, and the histological classification of bones into compact bone and spongy bone. The document further describes the structure and types of cartilage, including hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, and their functions in the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    16 views47 pages

    Bones & Cartilage

    Uploaded by

    Augniz Rana
    This document discusses the classification and structure of bones and cartilage. It describes the different types of bones, including long bones, short bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones. It also discusses the composition of bones, bone cells, and the histological classification of bones into compact bone and spongy bone. The document further describes the structure and types of cartilage, including hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, and their functions in the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 47

    BONES & CARTILAGE

    BONES
    Specialized connective tissue
    Classification
    • Morphological classification
    • Histological classification
    • Microscopical classification
    Morphological
    • Long bone
    • Short bone
    • Flat bone
    • Pneumatic bone
    • Sesamoid bone
    • Irregular bone
    LONG BONE
    Types
    • Typical long bone
    • Miniature long bone
    • Modified long bone
    Typical long bone
    Characteristics
    • One diaphysis and two epiphysis
    • Three border, three surface
    • Centrally medullary cavity
    • Lies vertically
    • Bears weight
    • Intra catilagenous ossification
    SESAMOID BONE
    Character
    • Develop in the tendon of the muscle
    • Ossify after birth
    • No periosteum
    • Absence of Haversian system
    Example
    • Patella
    • Pisiform
    • Flabella
    • Peroneus longus
    • Flexor hallucis brevis
    • Adductor longus
    Function of bones
    • It bears body weight
    • It protects vital organs
    • It stores calcium, phosphate and other ion
    • It contains bone marrow which is a hemopoietic tissue
    Periosteum
    • Fibrovascular cellular membrane
    • Covering of the bone
    Structure
    • Outer fibrous layer
    • Inner cellular layer
    Composition of bones
    • Bone cell
    • Fiber
    • Ground substance
    • Inorganic components
    Bone cells
    Osteoprogenitor cell
    Osteoblast
    Osteocyte
    Osteoclast
    Histological classification of bone
    • Compact bone
    • Spongy bone
    Compact bone
    • Circumferential system
    • Haversian system
    • Interstitial system
    • Volkmann’s canal
    Circumferential system
    • Outer circumferential system
    • Inner circumferential system
    Haversian system
    • Haversian canal
    • Concentric lamella
    • Lacunae
    • Canaliculi
    Interstitial system
    Triangular interval between Haversian system
    Structure of Spongy bone
    • Bony Trabeculae
    • Marrow space
    Parts of developing bone
    • Epiphysis
    • Epiphyseal plate
    • Metaphysis
    • Diaphysis
    Blood supply of developing bone
    • Nutrient vessel
    • Metaphyseal vessel
    • Epiphyseal vessel
    • Periosteal vessel
    Blood supply of a developed bone
    • Nutrient vessel
    • Periosteal vessel
    Growing end
    • Appears first
    • Fuses last with the diaphysis
    • Growth persists for longer time
    Cartilage
    Perichondrium
    • Outer fibrovascular layer
    • Inner cellular layer
    Growth of cartilage
    • Appositional growth
    • Interstitial growth
    Components
    • Cell
    • Fiber
    • Ground substance
    Types
    • Hyaline cartilage
    • Elastic cartilage
    • Fibrocartilage
    Hyaline cartilage
    • Homogenous basophilic matrix.
    • Isogenous group of chondrocyte present in each lacunae
    • Perichondrium present
    Location
    • Costal cartilage
    • Tracheal ring
    • Articular cartilage
    • Thyroid cartilage
    • Epiphyseal plate of cartilage
    Elastic cartilage
    • Perichondrium present
    • Elastic fiber present in matrix
    • Each lacunae contain single chondrocyte
    Location
    • Ear pinna
    • External auditory meatus
    • Auditory tube
    • Epiglottis etc.
    Fibrocartilage
    • Perichondrium absent
    • Dense bundle of collagen fiber present
    • Chain of chondrocyte present in between the bundle of
    collagen fiber.
    Location
    • Intervertebral disc
    • Glenoidal labrum
    • Acetabular labrum
    Function of cartilage
    • Supports soft tissue
    • Provide gliding area for movements of the joints
    • Essential for growth of long bones

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