Journal of King Saud University – Science 32 (2020) 2803–2809

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m-polar fuzzy q-ideals in BCI-algebras

G. Muhiuddin a,⇑, M. Mohseni Takallo b, R.A. Borzooei b, Y.B. Jun b,c
a
Department of Mathematics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
b
Department of Mathematics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
c
Department of Mathematics Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: In a BCI-algebra, the notion of m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal is introduced, and its properties are investi-
Received 12 October 2019 gated. Relations between m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal and m-polar fuzzy ideal/subalgebra are discussed.
Revised 4 June 2020 Characterizations of m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal are considered. The extension property about the m-
Accepted 5 July 2020
polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal is established. Homomorphic image and preimage of m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-
Available online 13 July 2020
ideal are discussed. Characterizations of a quasi-associative BCI-algebras are provided by using m-polar
ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification:
Ó 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access
03G25
06F35
article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
06B10
06B99

Keywords:
m-polar fuzzy subalgebra
m-polar fuzzy ideal
m-polar ð22Þ-fuzzy q-ideal

Contents

1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2803

2. Preliminaries. . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2804
3. m-polar fuzzy q-ideals . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2805
4. Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2808
Declaration of Competing Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2808
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2808
References . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2808

1. Introduction perceptions and preferences. After the introduction of fuzzy sets

by Zadeh, fuzzy set theory has become an active area of research
Fuzzy sets, which were introduced by Zadeh (1965), deal with in various fields such as statistics, graph theory, medical and life
possibilistic uncertainty, connected with imprecision of states, science, engineering, business and social science, computer net-
work, decision making, artificial intelligence, pattern recognition,
⇑ Corresponding author. robotics, and automata theory (see Kumar Singh, 2018; Feng
E-mail addresses: chishtygm@gmail.com, gmuhiuddin@ut.edu.sa (G. Muhiuddin), et al., 2019; Irfan Ali et al., 2019; Irfan Ali, 2018). BCK/BCI-
borzooei@sbu.ac.ir (R.A. Borzooei). algebras, which are created from two distinct approaches: set
Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. theory and proposition calculus, first appeared in the mathemati-
cal literature in 1966 (see Imai and Iski, 1966; Iski, 1966). BCK
and BCI algebras describe fragments of the propositional calculus
involving implication known as BCK and BCI logics. The various
Production and hosting by Elsevier attributes of BCK/BCI-algebras and their applications to different

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2020.07.001
1018-3647/Ó 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
2804 G. Muhiuddin et al. / Journal of King Saud University – Science 32 (2020) 2803–2809

aspects are considered in Borzooei et al. (2020), Huang (2006), where u 6 w if and only if u  w ¼ 0. A subset S of a BCK/BCI-
Meng and Jun (1994), Moussaei et al. (2018), Mohseni Takallo algebra X is called a subalgebra of X if u  w 2 S for all u; w 2 S. A
et al. (2019), Muhiuddin and Jun (2019, 2018), Muhiuddin and subset I of a BCK/BCI-algebra X is called an ideal of X if it satisfies:
Al-roqi (2016, 2014), Muhiuddin and Aldhafeeri (2018, 2019) and
0 2 I; ð2:5Þ
Muhiuddin et al. (2014, 2017). Ideal theory in BCI-algebras, in par-
ticular q-ideal, is studied in Liu et al. (2000). As an extension of ð8u 2 XÞð8w 2 IÞðu  w 2 I ) u 2 IÞ: ð2:6Þ
fuzzy set, Zhang (1994) introduced the notion of bipolar fuzzy sets. A subset I of a BCI-algebra X is called
Bipolar fuzzy information is applied in many (algebraic) structures,
for instance, C-semihypergroups (see Yaqoob et al., 2014), finite  a p-ideal of X if it satisfies (2.5) and
state machines (see Jun and Kavikumar, 2011; Subramaniyan and
Rajasekar, 2012; Yang, 2014,), (ordered) semigroups (see ð8u; w; v 2 XÞððu  v Þ  ðw  v Þ 2 I; w 2 I ) u 2 IÞ: ð2:7Þ
Arulmozhi et al., 2019; Chinnadurai and Arulmozhi, 2018; Ibrar  a q-ideal of X if it satisfies (2.5) and
et al., 2019; Sardar et al., 2012), KU-algebras (see Muhiuddin,
2014), (hyper) BCK/BCI-algebras (see Al-Kadi and Muhiuddin, ð8u; w; v 2 XÞðu  ðw  v Þ 2 I; w 2 I ) u  v 2 IÞ: ð2:8Þ
2020; Al-Masarwah and Ahmad, 2018; Jun et al., 2012, 2011,
2009a,b; Lee, 2009; Muhiuddin et al., 2020). In many real prob- See the books Huang (2006) and Meng and Jun (1994) for more
lems, information sometimes comes from multi-factors and there information on BCK/BCI-algeebras.
are many multi-attribute data that cannot be processed using By an m-polar fuzzy set on a set X (see Chen et al., 2014), we
existing anomalies (e.g., fuzzy anomalies and bipolar fuzzy anoma- mean a function a ^ : X ! ½0; 1m . The membership value of every
lies, etc.). In 2014, Chen et al. (Chen et al., 2014) introduced an element x 2 X is denoted by
m-polar fuzzy set which is an extension of bipolar fuzzy set. The
m-polar fuzzy models provide more precision, flexibility, and com- a^ ðxÞ ¼ ððp1  a^ ÞðxÞ; ðp2  a^ ÞðxÞ; . . . ; ðpm  a^ ÞðxÞÞ;
patibility to the system when more than one agreements are to be where pi : ½0; 1m ! ½0; 1 is the i-th projection for all i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m.
dealt with. The m-polar fuzzy set applied to decision making Given an m-polar fuzzy set on a set X, we consider the set
problem, graph theory and BCK/BCI-algebra (Akram et al., 2019;
^ ; ^tÞ :¼ fx 2 Xja
Uða ^ ðxÞ P ^tg; ð2:9Þ
Al-Masarwah and Ahmad, 2019; Kumar Singh, 2018; Sarwar and
Akram, 2017; Al-Masarwah and Ahmad, 2019). that is,
In this paper, we introduce the notion of m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q- ^ ; ^tÞ :¼ fx 2 Xjðp1  a
^ ÞðxÞ P t 1 ; ðp2  a
Uða ^ ÞðxÞ
ideal in BCI-algebra, and investigated its properties. We discuss
relations between m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal and m-polar fuzzy P t2 ; . . . ; ðpm  a
^ ÞðxÞ P t m g; ð2:10Þ
ideal/subalgebra, and consider characterizations of m-polar
which is called an m-polar level set of a
^.
ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal. We establish the extension property about
By an m-polar fuzzy point on a set X, we mean an m-polar fuzzy
the m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal. We discuss homomorphic image
set a
^ on X of the form
and preimage of m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal, and provide charac- (
terizations of a quasi-associative BCI-algebras are provided by ^r ¼ ðr 1 ; r2 ; . . . ; rm Þ 2 ð0; 1m if y ¼ x;
using m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal. a^ ðyÞ ¼ ^ ¼ ð0; 0; . . . ; 0Þ
ð2:11Þ
0 if y – x;
and it is denoted by x^r . We say that x is the support of x^r and ^r is the
2. Preliminaries
value of x^r .
We say that an m-polar fuzzy point x^r is contained in an m-polar
If a set X has a special element 0 and a binary operation  satis-
fuzzy set a ^ , denoted by x^r 2 a ^ ðxÞ P ^r , that is, ðpi  a
^ , if a ^ ÞðxÞ P r i for
fying the conditions:
all i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m.
(I) ð8u; w; v 2 XÞ ðððu  wÞ  ðu  v ÞÞ  ðv  wÞ ¼ 0Þ,
(II) ð8u; w 2 XÞ ððu  ðu  wÞÞ  w ¼ 0Þ, Definition 2.2. (Al-Masarwah and Ahmad, 2019, Definition 3.1) An
(III) ð8u 2 XÞ ðu  u ¼ 0Þ, m-polar fuzzy set a ^ on a BCK/BCI-algebra X is called an m-polar
(IV) ð8u; w 2 XÞ ðu  w ¼ 0; w  u ¼ 0 ) u ¼ wÞ, fuzzy subalgebra of X if the following condition is valid.

then we say that X is a BCI-algebra. If a BCI-algebra X satisfies the ð8x; y 2 XÞða

^ ðx  yÞ P inffa
^ ðxÞ; a
^ ðyÞgÞ; ð2:12Þ
following identity:
that is,

(V) ð8u 2 XÞ ð0  u ¼ 0Þ, ð8x; y 2 XÞððpi  a

^ Þðx  yÞ P inffðpi  a
^ ÞðxÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞgÞ ð2:13Þ
for all i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m.
then X is called a BCK-algebra. A BCI-algebra X is said to be quasi-
associative if
Example 2.3. Let X ¼ f0; a; b; cg be a BCK-algebra with a Cayley
ð8u; w; v 2 XÞððu  wÞ  v 6 u  ðw  v ÞÞ: ð2:1Þ
table which is appeared in Table 1.
Define a 4-polar fuzzy set a
^ on X as follows;
Lemma 2.1. (Huang, 2006) A BCI-algebra X is quasi-associative if
and only if 0  x ¼ 0  ð0  xÞ for all x 2 X. 8
>
> ð0:33; 0:41; 0:57; 0:83Þ if x ¼ 0;
>
>
Any BCK/BCI-algebra X satisfies the following conditions: >
< ð0:25; 0:33; 0:42; 0:38Þ if x ¼ a;
ð8u 2 XÞðu  0 ¼ uÞ; ð2:2Þ
a^ : X ! ½0; 14 ; x #
>
> ð0:22; 0:30; 0:40; 0:20Þ if x ¼ b;
>
>
>
:
ð8u; w; v 2 XÞðu 6 w ) u  v 6 w  v; v  w 6 v  uÞ; ð2:3Þ ð0:25; 0:34; 0:55; 0:50Þ if x ¼ c

ð8u; w; v 2 XÞððu  wÞ  v ¼ ðu  v Þ  wÞ ð2:4Þ It is routine to check that a

^ is a 4-polar fuzzy subalgebra of X.
 G. Muhiuddin et al. / Journal of King Saud University – Science 32 (2020) 2803–2809 2805

Table 1 Table 3
Cayley table for the binary operation ‘‘”. Cayley table for the binary operation ‘‘”.

 0 a b c  0 1 2 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3
a a 0 0 a 1 1 0 3 2
b b a 0 b 2 2 3 0 1
c c c c 0 3 3 2 1 0

Table 2
ð8x; y; z 2 XÞða
^ ðxÞ P inf fa
^ ððx  zÞ  ðy  zÞÞ; a
^ ðyÞgÞ; ð2:21Þ
Cayley table for the binary operation ‘‘”.
that is,
 0 a b c d
ðpi  a
^ ÞðxÞ P inffðpi  a
^ Þððx  zÞ  ðy  zÞÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg ð2:22Þ
0 0 0 d c b
a a 0 d c b for all x; y; z 2 X and i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m.
b b b 0 d c
c c c b 0 d Example 2.8. Let X ¼ f0; 1; 2; 3g be a set with a binary operation 
d d d c b 0
which is given in Table 3.
Then X is a BCI-algebra (see Huang, 2006). Define a 5-polar
fuzzy set a
^ on X as follows:
Definition 2.4. (Al-Masarwah and Ahmad, 2019, Definition 3.7) An 8
>
> ð0:7; 0:6; 0:8; 0:5; 0:9Þ if x ¼ 0;
m-polar fuzzy set a ^ on a BCK/BCI-algebra X is called an m-polar >
>
>
< ð0:5; 0:6; 0:7; 0:4; 0:7Þ if x ¼ 1;
fuzzy ideal of X if the following conditions are valid.
a^ : X ! ½0; 15 ; x #
ð8x 2 XÞða^ ð0Þ P a
^ ðxÞÞ; ð2:14Þ >
> ð0:3; 0:4; 0:6; 0:2; 0:5Þ if x ¼ 2;
>
>
>
:
ð8x; y 2 XÞðaðxÞ P inffa
^ ^ ðx  yÞ; a
^ ðyÞgÞ; ð2:15Þ ð0:3; 0:4; 0:6; 0:2; 0:5Þ if x ¼ 3
that is, It is routine to check that a
^ is a 5-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy p-ideal of X.
ð8x 2 XÞððpi  a
^ Þð0Þ P ðpi  a
^ ÞðxÞÞ; ð2:16Þ
ð8x; y 2 XÞððpi  a
^ ÞðxÞ P inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  yÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞgÞ ð2:17Þ 3. m-polar fuzzy q-ideals
for all i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m.

Definition 3.1. An m-polar fuzzy set a ^ on a BCI-algebra X is called

Example 2.5. Let X ¼ f0; a; b; c; dg be a BCI-algebra with a Cayley an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X if it satisfies (2.18) and
table which is appeared in Table 2.
Define a 4-polar fuzzy set a^ on X as follows; ð8x; y; z 2 XÞð8^r ; ^t
 
8 2 ½0; 1m Þ ðx  ðy  zÞÞ^r 2 a
^ ; y^t 2 a
^ ) ðx  zÞinff^r;^tg 2 a
^ :
> ð0:50; 0:60; 0:60; 0:70Þ if x ¼ 0;
>
>
>
> ð3:1Þ
>
< ð0:40; 0:50; 0:50; 0:70Þ if x ¼ a;
a^ : X ! ½0; 1 ; x #
4
It is routine to verify that the condition (3.1) is equivalent to the
>
>
> ð0:20; 0:30; 0:30; 0:20Þ if x ¼ b; d;
>
>
following condition.
>
:
ð0:30; 0:40; 0:40; 0:50Þ if x ¼ c ð8x; y; z 2 XÞða
^ ðx  zÞ P inffa
^ ðx  ðy  zÞÞ; a
^ ðyÞgÞ; ð3:2Þ
It is routine to check that a
^ is a 4-polar fuzzy ideal of X.
that is,
ðpi  a
^ Þðx  zÞ P inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  ðy  zÞÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg ð3:3Þ
Lemma 2.6 Mohseni Takallo et al., 2019, Lemma 1. An m-polar
fuzzy set a
^ on a BCK/BCI-algebra X is an m-polar fuzzy ideal of X if for all x; y; z 2 X and i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m.
and only if the following conditions are valid.
Example 3.2. Let X ¼ f0; 1; ag be a set with a binary operation 
ð8x 2 XÞð8^r 2 ½0; 1m Þðx^r 2 a
^ ) 0^r 2 a
^ Þ; ð2:18Þ which is given in Table 4.
Then X is a BCI-algebra (see Huang, 2006). Define a 3-polar
ð8x; y 2 XÞð8^r ; ^t fuzzy set a
^ on X as follows:
 
8
2 ½0; 1m Þ ðx  yÞ^r 2 a
^ ; y^t 2 a
^ ) xinff^r;^tg 2 a
^ : ð2:19Þ > ð0:75; 0:63; 0:82Þ if x ¼ 0;
<
a^ : X ! ½0; 1 ; x # ð0:55; 0:63; 0:72Þ if x ¼ 1;
3
>
:
Definition 2.7. An m-polar fuzzy set a ^ on a BCI-algebra X is called ð0:35; 0:43; 0:62Þ if x ¼ a
an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy p-ideal of X if it satisfies (2.18) and

ð8x; y; z 2 XÞð8^r ; ^t Table 4

  Cayley table for the binary operation ‘‘”.
2 ½0; 1m Þ ððx  zÞ  ðy  zÞÞ^r 2 a
^ ; y^t 2 a
^ ) xinff^r;^t g 2 a
^ :
 0 1 a
ð2:20Þ 0 0 0 a
1 1 0 a
Note that the condition (2.20) is equivalent to the following a a a 0
condition.
2806 G. Muhiuddin et al. / Journal of King Saud University – Science 32 (2020) 2803–2809

It is routine to check that a

^ is a 3-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X. Theorem 3.7. Given an m-polar fuzzy ideal a
^ of a BCI-algebra X, the
following are equivalent.
Theorem 3.3. Every m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of a BCI-algebra X is
(1) a
^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X.
an m-polar fuzzy ideal and an m-polar fuzzy subalgebra of X.
(2) a
^ satisfies a
^ ðx  yÞ P a
^ ðx  ð0  yÞÞ, that is,

ð pi  a
^ Þðx  yÞ P ðpi  a
^ Þðx  ð0  yÞÞ
Proof. Let a
^ be an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of a BCI-algebra X.
Putting z ¼ 0 in (3.3) and using (2.2) implies that for all x; y 2 X and i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m.
(3) a
^ satisfies a
^ ððx  yÞ  zÞ P a ^ ðx  ðy  zÞÞ, that is,
ðpi  a
^ ÞðxÞ ¼ ðpi  a
^ Þðx  0Þ P inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  ðy  0ÞÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg
¼ inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  yÞÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg ð pi  a
^ Þððx  yÞ  zÞ P ðpi  a
^ Þðx  ðy  zÞÞ

for all x; y; z 2 X and i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m.

for all x; y 2 X and i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m. Hence a
^ is an m-polar fuzzy ideal
of X. Putting z ¼ y in (3.3) and using (III) and (2.2) implies that
ðpi  a
^ Þðx  yÞ P inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  ðy  yÞÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg Proof. (1) ) (2). If we replace y and z by 0 and y, respectively, in
¼ inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  0Þ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg (3.3) and use (2.16), then

¼ inffðpi  a
^ ÞðxÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg ðpi  a
^ Þðx  yÞ P inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  ð0  yÞÞ; ðpi  a
^ Þð0Þg
for all x; y 2 X and i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m. Thus a
^ is an m-polar fuzzy subal- ¼ ðpi  a
^ Þðx  ð0  yÞÞ;
gebra of X. h
and so for a
^ ðx  yÞ P a
^ ðx  ð0  yÞÞ for all x; y 2 X.(2) ) (3). Note
In the following example, we show that the converse of that
Theorem 3.3 is not true in general.
ððx  yÞ  ð0  zÞÞ  ðx  ðy  zÞÞ ¼ ððx  yÞ  ðx  ðy  zÞÞÞ  ð0  zÞ
Example 3.4. Let X ¼ f0; 1; b; cg be a set with a binary operation  6 ððy  zÞ  yÞ  ð0  zÞ
which is given in Table 5.
¼ ð0  zÞ  ð0  zÞ ¼ 0;
Then X is a BCI-algebra (see Huang, 2006). Define a 4-polar
fuzzy set a
^ on X as follows: that is, ðx  yÞ  ð0  zÞ 6 x  ðy  zÞ for all x; y; z 2 X. It follows from
8 (2) and Lemma 3.5 that
> ð0:7; 0:6; 0:8; 0:5Þ if x ¼ 0;
>
>
< ð0:3; 0:4; 0:5; 0:2Þ if x ¼ 1;
a^ : X ! ½0; 14 ; x # ðpi  a
^ Þððx  yÞ  zÞ P ðpi  a
^ Þððx  yÞ  ð0  zÞÞ
>
> ð0:3; 0:5; 0:6; 0:2Þ if x ¼ b;
>
: P ðpi  a
^ Þðx  ðy  zÞÞ;
ð0:3; 0:4; 0:5; 0:2Þ if x ¼ c
that is, a^ ððx  yÞ  zÞ P a
^ ðx  ðy  zÞÞ for all x; y; z 2 X.
It is routine to check that a
^ is an 4-polar fuzzy ideal and a 4-
(3) ) (1). Note that ðx  zÞ  ððx  yÞ  zÞ 6 x  ðx  yÞ 6 y for all
polar fuzzy subalgebra of X. But it is not a 4-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-
x; y; z 2 X. Using (3) and Lemma 3.6, we have
ideal of X since
ðp2  a
^ Þðc  1Þ ¼ ðp2  a
^ ÞðbÞ ¼ 0:5 < 0:6 ðpi  a
^ Þðx  zÞ P inffðpi  a
^ Þððx  yÞ  zÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg
¼ inffðp2  a
^ Þðc  ð0  1ÞÞ; ðp2  a
^ Þð0Þg: P inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  ðy  zÞÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg

We provide conditions for an m-polar fuzzy ideal to be an m- and so a^ ðx  zÞ P inffa

^ ðx  ðy  zÞÞ; a
^ ðyÞg for all x; y; z 2 X. Therefore
polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal, and consider characterization of m- a^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X. h
polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal.

Theorem 3.8. An m-polar fuzzy set a ^ on a BCI-algebra X is an m-

Lemma 3.5. (Al-Masarwah and Ahmad, 2019, Proposition 3.9) If a
^ polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X if and only if the m-polar level set
is an m-polar fuzzy ideal of a BCI-algebra X, then Uða
^ ; ^rÞ of a
^ is a q-ideal of X for all ^r 2 ½0; 1m .
ð8x; y 2 XÞðx 6 y ) a
^ ðxÞ P a
^ ðyÞÞ;

that is, ðpi  a ^ ÞðxÞ P ðpi  a

^ ÞðyÞ for all x; y 2 X with x 6 y and Proof. Suppose that a ^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X and
i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m. let ^r ¼ ðr1 ; r2 ; . . . ; rm Þ 2 ð0; 1m . It is clear that 0 2 Uða ^ ; ^r Þ. Let
x; y; z 2 X be such that x  ðy  zÞ 2 Uða ^ ; ^rÞ and y 2 Uða
^ ; ^r Þ. Then
Lemma 3.6. (Al-Masarwah and Ahmad, 2019, Proposition 3.14) If ðpi  a^ Þðx  ðy  zÞÞ P r i and ðpi  a ^ ÞðyÞ P ri for all i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m.
a^ is an m-polar fuzzy ideal of a BCI-algebra X, then It follows from (3.3) that
ð8x; y; z 2 XÞðx  y 6 z ) a
^ ðxÞ P inffa
^ ðyÞ; a
^ ðzÞgÞ;
ðpi  a
^ Þðx  zÞ P inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  ðy  zÞÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg P r i
that is, ðpi  a
^ ÞðxÞ P inffðpi  a^ ÞðyÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðzÞg for all x; y; z 2 X with
x  y 6 z and i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m. for i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m. Hence x  z 2 Uða ^ ; ^r Þ, and therefore Uða ^ ; ^rÞ is a q-
ideal of X.
Table 5 Conversely, suppose that the m-polar level set Uða ^ ; ^r Þ of a ^ is a q-
Cayley table for the binary operation ‘‘”.
ideal of X for all ^r 2 ½0; 1m . If a ^ ð0Þ < a ^ ðaÞ for some a 2 X and take
 0 1 b c ^r :¼ a^ ðaÞ, then a 2 Uða ^ ; ^rÞ and 0 R Uða ^ ; ^r Þ. This is a contradiction,
0 0 c b 1 and so a ^ ð0Þ P a ^ ðxÞ for all x 2 X. Now, suppose that there exist
1 1 0 c b a; b; c 2 X such that a ^ ða  cÞ < inffa ^ ða  ðb  cÞÞ; a ^ ðbÞg. If we take
b b 1 0 c
c c b 1 0 ^r :¼ inffa
^ ða  ðb  cÞÞ; a
^ ðbÞg;
 G. Muhiuddin et al. / Journal of King Saud University – Science 32 (2020) 2803–2809 2807

then a  ðb  cÞ 2 Uða ^ ; ^rÞ and b 2 Uða ^ ; ^r Þ. Since Uða ^ ; ^rÞ is a q-ideal of ðpi  a ^ ðx  zÞÞ ¼ ðpi  bÞðf
^ Þðx  zÞ ¼ ðpi  bÞðf ^ ðxÞ  f ðyÞÞ
X, it follows that a  c 2 Uða ^ ; ^r Þ. Hence a ^ ða  cÞ P ^r , which is a con- ^ ðxÞ  ðf ðyÞ  f ðzÞÞÞ; ðpi  bÞðf
^ ðyÞÞg
P inffðpi  bÞðf
tradiction. Thus a ^ ðx  zÞ P inffa ^ ðx  ðy  zÞÞ; a ^ ðyÞg for all x; y; z 2 X.
Therefore a ^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X. h ^ ðx  ðy  zÞÞÞ; ðpi  bÞðf
¼ inffðpi  bÞðf ^ ðyÞÞg
¼ inffðpi  a
^ Þðx  ðy  zÞÞ; ðpi  a
^ ÞðyÞg
Corollary 3.9. If a
^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of a BCI-algebra
for all i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m. Therefore a
^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal
X, then the set of X. h
J :¼ fx 2 Xja
^ ðxÞ ¼ a
^ ð0Þg

is a q-ideal of X. Theorem 3.12. Let f : X ! Y be an epimorphism of BCI-algebras. If a

^
is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X such that
We give an extension property about the m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy  
q-ideal of a BCI-algebra X. ð8T # XÞð9x0 2 TÞ a^ ðx0 Þ ¼ sup a
^ ðaÞ ;
a2T

Theorem 3.10. Let a ^ and b^ be m-polar fuzzy ideals of a BCI-algebra X

^ of a
then the image b ^ under f which is defined by
such that a
^6b ^ and a ^
^ ð0Þ ¼ bð0Þ. If a
^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal
^ ^ : Y ! ½0; 1m ; y # sup a
b ^ ðxÞ
of X, then so is b.
x2f 1 ðyÞ

is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of Y.

Proof. Assume that a
^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X. Since
1
ðx  ðx  ð0  yÞÞÞ  ð0  yÞ ¼ ðx  ð0  yÞÞ  ðx  ð0  yÞÞ ¼ 0 Proof. Since 0 2 f ð0Þ, we have
^
bð0Þ ¼ sup a
^ ðxÞ ¼ a
^ ð0Þ P a
^ ðxÞ
for all x; y 2 X, we have
x2f 1 ð0Þ

ðpi  a
^ Þððx  ðx  ð0  yÞÞÞ  ð0  yÞÞ ¼ ðpi  a ^
^ Þð0Þ ¼ ðpi  bÞð0Þ for all x 2 X, and so

for i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m. It follows from Theorem 3.7 that ^

bð0Þ ¼ sup a ^
^ ðxÞ ¼ bðyÞ
x2f 1 ðyÞ
ðpi  a
^ Þððx  ðx  ð0  yÞÞÞ  yÞ P ðpi  a
^ Þððx  ðx  ð0  yÞÞÞ
1 1
^ for all y 2 Y. For any a; b; c 2 Y, let x0 2 f ðaÞ; y0 2 f ðbÞ and
 ð0  yÞÞ ¼ ðpi  bÞð0Þ: 1
z0 2 f ðcÞ satisfying a
^ ðx0  z0 Þ ¼ sup a ^ ðuÞ, a
^ ðy0 Þ ¼ sup a
^ ðuÞ
u2f 1 ða cÞ u2f 1 ðbÞ
Hence
and a
^ ðx0  ðy0  z0 ÞÞ ¼ sup a^ ðuÞ. Then
u2f 1 ðaðb cÞÞ
^
ðpi  bÞððx ^
 yÞ  ðx  ð0  yÞÞÞ ¼ ðpi  bÞððx  ðx  ð0  yÞÞÞ  yÞ
^  cÞ ¼
bða a^ ðuÞ ¼ a^ ðx0  z0 Þ
P ðpi  a
^ Þððx  ðx  ð0  yÞÞÞ  yÞ sup
u2f 1 ða cÞ
^
P ðpi  bÞð0Þ
P inffa
^ ðx0  ðy0  z0 ÞÞ; a
^ ðy0 Þg
^  ð0  yÞÞ;
P ðpi  bÞðx ( )
¼ inf sup a^ ðuÞ; sup a^ ðuÞg
which implies from (2.17) that u2f 1 ðaðb cÞÞ u2f 1 ðbÞ
n o
^  yÞ P inffðpi  bÞððx
^ ^  ðb  cÞÞ; bðbÞ
¼ inf bða ^ :
ðpi  bÞðx  yÞ  ðx  ð0  yÞÞÞ;
^  ð0  yÞÞg
ðpi  bÞðx ^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of Y. h
Therefore b
^  ð0  yÞÞ
¼ ðpi  bÞðx

^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ- Lemma 3.13. Let I be a subset of a BCI-algebra X and let a
^ I be an m-
for all x; y 2 X and i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m. Therefore b
polar fuzzy set on X defined by
fuzzy q-ideal of X by Theorem 3.7. h (
^ if x 2 I;
1
a^ I : X ! ½0; 1m ; x # ^ otherwise
Theorem 3.11. Let f : X ! Y be an epimorphism of BCI-algebras. If b ^ 0
is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of Y, then the m-polar fuzzy set a on
^
Then a^ I is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy ideal (resp., m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy
X defined by q-ideal) of X if and only if I is an ideal (resp., q-ideal) of X.
^ ðxÞÞ;
a^ : X ! ½0; 1m ; x # bðf
^ ðxÞÞ for x 2 X and i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m is an m- Proof. Straightforward. h
that is, ðpi  a
^ ÞðxÞ ¼ ðpi  bÞðf
polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X. We provide characterizations of a quasi-associative BCI-
algebras.
^ be an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of Y. For any x 2 X,
Proof. Let b
Theorem 3.14. Given a BCI-algebra X, the following assertions are
we have
equivalent.
ðpi  a ^ ðxÞÞ 6 ðpi  bÞð0Þ
^ ÞðxÞ ¼ ðpi  bÞðf ^ ^ ð0ÞÞ
¼ ðpi  bÞðf
(1) X is quasi-associative.
¼ ðpi  a
^ Þð0Þ
(2) Every m-polar fuzzy ideal of X is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-
for all i ¼ 1; 2; . . . ; m. Let x; y; z 2 X. Then ideal of X.
2808 G. Muhiuddin et al. / Journal of King Saud University – Science 32 (2020) 2803–2809

(3) Every m-polar fuzzy ideal a ^ of X with a ^ ð0Þ ¼ 1^ is an m-polar precision, flexibility and compatibility to the system when more
ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X. than one agreements are to be dealt with. The purpose of this
(4) Every zero m-polar fuzzy ideal a ^ f0g of X is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ- paper is to study m-polar fuzzy q-ideals of BCI-algebras. We have
fuzzy q-ideal of X. first introduced the notion of m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideals of
(5) Every m-polar fuzzy ideal a^ X þ of X is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q- BCI-algebras and have investigated several properties. we have dis-
ideal of X, where X þ is the BCK-part of X. cussed relations between an m-polar fuzzy ideal/subalgebra and an
^ of X with b ^6a ^ ^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal, and considered the characterization of
(6) The m-polar fuzzy ideal b ^ X þ and bð0Þ ¼1
m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal. We discussed homomorphic image
m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X.
and preimage of m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal, and provided charac-
terizations of a quasi-associative BCI-algebras are provided by
Proof. (1) ) (2). Let a
^ be m-polar fuzzy ideal of X. Using (2.1) and using m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal. There are several kinds of ideals
Lemma 3.5, we have a ^ ððx  yÞ  zÞ P a
^ ðx  ðy  zÞÞ for all x; y; z 2 X. in BCI-algebras, for example, p-ideal, q-ideal, a-ideal, BCI-
It follows from (2.15) and (2.4) that implicative ideal, BCI-positive implicative ideal, BCI-commutative
ideal, sub-implicative ideal, etc. These different kinds of ideals
a^ ðx  zÞ P inffa^ ððx  zÞ  yÞ; a^ ðyÞg ¼ inffa^ ððx  yÞ  zÞ; a^ ðyÞg are basically very relevant to the ideal. Thus, the polarity of q-
P inffa^ ðx  ðy  zÞÞ; a
^ ðyÞg ideals as studied in this paper will be the basic step in the polarity
study of other ideals.
for all x; y; z 2 X. Hence a ^ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X. The purpose of our research in the future is study on set of all
(2) ) (3), (3) ) (4) and (2) ) (6) are straighrforward. m-polar fuzzy q-ideals of BCI-algebras. Can we construct a lattice
(4) ) (5). Note that a ^ f0g 6 a
^ X þ and a
^ f0g ð0Þ ¼ 1 ^¼a ^ X þ ð0Þ. Thus structure on this set? Can we define an algebraic structure on this
a^ Xþ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X by Theorem 3.10. set such that it be a BCI-algebra again?.
(5) ) (1). If a
^ X þ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X, then X þ
Declaration of Competing Interest
is a q-ideal of X by Lemma 3.13. Since ð0  xÞ  ð0  xÞ ¼ 0 2 X þ
for all x 2 X, it follows from (2.8) that ð0  xÞ  x 2 X þ . Hence
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
0  x ¼ 0  ð0  xÞ for all x 2 X, and so X is quasi-associative by
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
Lemma 2.1.
to influence the work reported in this paper.
(6) ) (5). Since b ^6a ^
^ X þ and bð0Þ ¼1^¼a ^ X þ ð0Þ, we know that
aXþ is an m-polar ð2; 2Þ-fuzzy q-ideal of X by Theorem 3.10. h
^
Acknowledgment

Corollary 3.15. If a BCI-algebra X meets any of the following
conditions
(1) ð8x; y 2 XÞ ð0  ðx  yÞ ¼ 0  ðy  xÞÞ,
(2) ð8x; y 2 XÞ ðð0  xÞ  y ¼ 0  ðx  yÞÞ,
(3) ð8x; y 2 XÞ ðx  ð0  yÞ ¼ 0 ) x  y ¼ 0Þ,
(4) ð8x 2 XÞ ðSx :¼ f0; 0  xgisasubalgebraofXÞ,
(5) The p-semisimple part of X is an associative subalgebra of X,
then X is a quasi-associative and so has all of five other properties
of Theorem 3.14.
Proof.
By Lemma 2.1, a BCI-algebra X is quasi-associative if and only if
0  x ¼ 0  ð0  xÞ, for all x 2 X. Now, it is easy to prove that each
of the properties (1) to (5) are equivalent to the condition
0  x ¼ 0  ð0  xÞ, for all x 2 X. Hence by Lemma 2.1, X is a
quasi-associative and so by Theorem 3.14, X has all of five other
properties of Theorem 3.14. h
4. Conclusions
The traditional fuzzy set expression cannot distinguish between
elements unrelated to the opposite. It is difficult to express differ-
ences in components unrelated to the opposing elements in the
fuzzy set only if the membership extends over the interval [0, 1].
If a set expression can express this kind of difference, it will be
more beneficial than a traditional fuzzy set expression. Based on
these observations, Lee introduced an extension of the fuzzy set
called the bipolar value fuzzy set in his paper [Lee, K.M. Bipolar-
valued fuzzy sets and their operations. Proc. Int. Conf. on Intelligent
Technologies, Bangkok, Thailand 2000, 307–312]. This concept is
being applied from various angles to algebraic structure and
applied science etc. An m-polar fuzzy model is a generalized form
of a bipolar fuzzy model. The m-polar fuzzy models provide more
The authors are grateful to the anonymous referees for a careful
checking of the details and for helpful comments that improved
the overall presentation of this paper.
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