01 Performance Level

VICENTE D.
TRINIDAD HIGH SCHOOL
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND THE REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Dr. Jose P. Rizal once said, “The youth is the hope of
our father land”. Today, the youth of our country had gone far
in taking up this challenge. The Philippines today is
afflicted with various social cancers – poverty, starvation,
crime, corruption, and discrimination and all would agree that
there would be no one else that could solve these problems
other than the youth. It is emphasized that respect and high
hopes for the youth remain.
Our future sprawl is in the hands of the youth this
message is timeless and will continue to reverberate. But how
can the youth address these social difficulties considering
that the very organization that represents them becomes a
training ground not for future world changers but breakers of
the high hope. Youth concerns matter to everyone. Thus,
empowering the youth to have a great leadership is very
essential and valuable because our next generations was
contingent to them.
In 1975, our late President Ferdinand Marcos has
established the Kabataang Barangay to give the youth a chance
to be involved in community affairs and to provide the
1
VICENTE D. TRINIDAD HIGH SCHOOL
government means to inform youth of the government's
development efforts. But today this Kabataang Barangay was
being changed and renamed as Sangguniang Kabataan.
According to the United Nations Educational Scientific
and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO), “youth” is best
understood as a period of conversion from the dependence of
childhood to adulthood’s independence and mindfulness of our
interdependence as members of a community. It added that for
statistical consistency across regions, youth has been
demarcated as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24
years, without prejudice to other description by Member
States. All United Nation data on youth are based on this
depiction, as clarified by the annual yearbooks of statistics
published by the United Nations system on demography,
learning, employment and health.
The Philippines government supports and believes
in the capacity of the youth not just to lead but also to
empower the country. They are confident that these people have
the fresh mind and ideas that will certainly mould a better
future of the country. Under the Philippine Constitution, 1987
Section13,ArticlekIIystatesqthatoit shall inculcate in the you
th patriotism and nationalism and encourage their involvement
in public and civic affairs. Moreover, the Katipunan ng
Kabataan is an assembly of youths in every Barangay
2
whose primaryoobjectiveois to enhanceqthe social, politica,
economic,cultural, intellectual, moral,spiritual and physical
development of the youth in the country. Under (Republic Act
No.9164,2002)anoactooprovidinguforpsynchronizedo barangaypandt
Sangguniang Kabataan elections, amending Republic Act No. 716,
as amended, otherwiseknown as the "Local Government Code of
1991", and for other purposes. Section 423 states that there
shall be in every Barangay a Sangguniang Kabataan to be
composed of a chairman, seven members, a secretary and a
treasurer.
With this regard, the motive that drives the
researchers for conducting this study is to identify the
performance level of Sangguninag Kabataan of Barangay
Santiago, Iuguig, Cagayan. Wherein determining their
performance level can identify whether or not the SK Officials
is carrying out its powers and functions as provided by the
Local Government Code and other pertinent laws and to see to
it if they are performing what they are expected to do. Hence,
our youth leaders will know their level of performance
regarding their duties through youth’s evaluation and that of
the older members of the community and be made aware of it so
as to resolve the same for the benefit of the youth in the
locality.
3
Review of Related Literature
This section exhibits references which is essential to
this study. These materials are in the form of citations and
summaries of related literature and studies. They are very
helpful in the presentation of this study.
Leaders are the backbone of every organization. They
create the organizations’ vision, support every strategic
planning and serve as catalysts of change and development. In
today’s rapidly changing world, leaders are necessary to
manage different groups of individuals in order to solve chaos
and maintain peace and order. Leaders do not only handle
difficult circumstances, they also serve as models in every
organization that make developmental changes for the benefit
of the organization. Leaders are not all alike, but they do
tend to share many common characteristics. Research has shown
that leaders differ from their followers, and effective
leaders differ from ineffective leaders, on various
personality traits, cognitive abilities, skills and values
(Hughes, Ginnett, and Curphy 2006).
Cunningham (2003) remarked that leaders of today cannot
be successful without having a broad understanding of the
social, political and economic dynamics that influence and are
shaped by global competition. Leaders must be aware of the
4
ideologies, political pressures, a shifting economic and
social conditions, if they are to provide effective
leadership. Effective leadership is characterized by attention
on the welfare of the citizens. As Lipham (2004) and his
colleagues have developed a four factor theory of leadership.
The first is the structured leadership. It indicates taking
immediate action on important issues, delegating task to
subordinates, stressing organizational goals and monitoring
implementation of decisions. This leadership behavior
indicates that the leader lets the subordinates know what is
expected of them, provides specific guidelines concerning what
is to be done and how to do it, sets performance standards,
schedules and coordinates work.
Schraa-Liu & Trompenaars (2006) talked about
responsible leadership, which is built on the foundation of a
leader’s inner urge to serve and enable others, accompanied by
human empathy and compassion. As to Greenleaf (2002), the
crucial point is humanness, the leader as a thoroughly humane
person. The sense of responsible leadership originates from a
deep sense and recognition of unity with all living beings and
the external environment. It is the belief that all are alike
in human heart, soul and feeling. The responsible leader
views people as beings to be trusted, believed in, loved and
5
served, rather than as objects to be used judged, or against
whom people compete. In this regard, to serve others, leaders
need to understand and know themselves. They must understand
their impulses, drives, and motives, and be conscious of how
the self is steering their actions and choices. It also
implies being aware of one’s ideals – goals with a higher
purpose and value systems. The responsible leader is able to
understand his own innate nature and temperament, his outer
self and inner being, the various layers of self and ego (the
mind, heart, soul), limitations and aspects that need to be
transformed, and various mental models and lenses on life
established over years of life experiences (Schraa-Liu &
Trompenaars, 2006: 149-150).
Youth are framed to be productive citizens of the
country in an economic sense as it is stated in the Local
Government Code of 1991: “Encouragement of youth involvement
in character-building activities for civic efficiency,
stewardship of natural resources, agricultural and industrial
productivity, and an understanding of world economic
commitments on tariffs and trade and participation in
structures for policy making and program implementation to
reduce the incidence of poverty and accelerate socioeconomic
development”(National Youth Commission 1995)
6
from the youth. This reflects the relational aspect of youth
that it is subject to power relations – putting the youth in
an inferior position.
Thus the creation of SK marked to create a venue where
the youth involvement in governance can be exercised and
enhanced. It has been envisioned to be the training ground of
the youth to be the future leaders of the country. Former
Senator Aquilino Pimentel, author of the Local Government Code
(LGC) where Sangguniang Kabataan provisions were integrated,
which imagined that it will be the best avenue for the youth
to participate in the leadership and governance in the
baranggay. The 1991 LGC or Republic Act 7160 formally
abolished the Kabataang Barangay (KB) then created by the
former President Ferdinand Marcos and provided the youth
another chance to directly participate in governance from the
mass level to the national level.
Youth was seen as a threat to those in power – a
disturbance to the status quo. As Agoncillo and Guerrero
described in their book (1977:555), during the late 1960s –
1970s, the country faced increasing socio-economic
difficulties. This led to immense dissatisfaction among
Filipinos, which led university students to do regular
7
demonstrations and strikes as protest to the government. “The
‘parliament of the streets’, as the student demonstrations
were called, was basically anti-government and generally
speaking, negative in attitude” (Agoncillo and Guerrero 1977:
555). President Ferdinand Marcos used the student
demonstrations, rallies from the laboring class and the threat
of rebellion from the Communist Party as reasons to justify
Martial law in September 1972. Martial law was declared to
restore order in the country due to the frequency of
demonstrations and strikes in the city. The legislative branch
was abolished and was replaced by President Marcos’ decrees.
The military exercised great power with the president’s
directive. Curfews were strictly implemented and streets at
night were nearly empty. Anyone accused of insurgency can be
arrested without any warrant and be jailed.
There are so many young Filipinos who possess the
energy, grit, and skill to become future leaders of this
nation. No basin can contain the aspirations of these
juveniles into just ideas and plans; they need an outlet so
that they can put these skills to good use for them to be able
be trained early as responsible leaders in their own rights.
However, the number of these good youth leaders is relatively
small compared to the population of the Sangguniang Kabataan.
8
In the Philippines, the young ones are expected to be
respectful and follow what the adults say. This is typical in
our culture where respect for elders is highly regarded
because they have greater life experiences. As Agoncillo
stated in his book, “respect for the elders is one Filipino
trait that has remained in the book of unwritten laws. The
elders believe, and demand, that they be obeyed – right or
wrong.” (1990: 7-8). Bessell (2009: 305, 313) shared the same
opinion and said that in the Philippines, adults expect
children to be respectful, which puts children in a submissive
position – and these are embedded in institutions. When young
ones are assertive, this is seen as disrespectful. This kind
of culture hinders meaningful youth participation because
adults do not see the youth as equals. Golombek (2002: 8-9)
said that cultural norms that support hierarchical
relationships between the old and the young hinder youth
participation. The older generation demands submissiveness.
Filipino youth have played an active role in shaping
the country’s history – leading social movements and
campaigning for social change against injustice (Lanuza 2004,
Tuano 1994, de Vera 1971, Acuna 1960). Starting from the 1890s
when a group of young, middleclass men called the Ilustrados
led the fight for nationalist independence from the 377 years
9
of Spanish colonization in the country (Dano-Santiago 1972,
Gomez et al. 1986).Fast forward to 1965 to 1972, when
university students held massive rallies and strikes in Metro
Manila demanding those who are in authority to give in to
their requests. These requests were about national and
international concerns, school administration affairs and
reforms with the Catholic Church in the country (Agoncillo
1990: 571). We can infer that the Filipino youth can be
catalysts of change and historically, they play an important
part in shaping the situation of the country.
Ideally, the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council) is
the venue for young Filipinos to be trained as leaders abiding
with its primary objective to enhance the social, political,
economic, cultural, intellectual, moral, spiritual and
physical development of the youth in the country. It is the
governing body of the youth assembly or Katipunan ng Kabataan
of every Barangay. Under Sections 423-439, Chapter 8, Title I,
Book III, Local Government Code are the rules governing the
Sangguniang Kabataan. It is provided therein the method of the
creation and Election of the said Youth Council, that there
shall be in every Barangay a Sangguniang Kabataan to be
composed of a chairman, seven members, a secretary and a
treasurer. They are elected by the members of the Katipunan ng
10
Kabataan in elections conducted by the Commission on Elections
(COMELEC). The powers and functions of the Sangguniang
Kabataan are as follows:
1. To promulgate resolutions necessary to carry out the
objectives of the youth in the barangay, in accordance with
applicable provisions of the Code;
2. Initiate programs designed to enhance the social,
political, economic, cultural, and intellectual, moral,
spiritual and physical development of the members;
3. Hold fund raising activities, the proceeds of which shall
be tax exempt and shall accrue to the Sangguniang Kabataan
general fund;
4. Create such bodies or committees necessary to effectively
carry out its programs and activities;
5. Submit annual end-of-term reports to the Sangguniang
Barangay on their projects and activities;
6. Consult and coordinate with all youth organizations in the
Barangay for policy formulation and program implementation;
7. Coordinate with the Presidential Council for Youths (PCYA)
and other National Government Agencies (NGA) concerned for the
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implementation of youth development projects and programs at
the national level; and
8. Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties
and functions as the Sangguniang Kabataan may determine or
delegate or as may be prescribed by law or ordinance.
The Congress of the Philippines approved Republic Act
NO.7160, otherwise known as the “Local Government Code” and
made it effective on January 1, 1992. It is applicable to all
provinces, cities, municipalities, communities and other
political subdivisions as may be created by the law (Ramirez,
1993). The Local Government Code of 1991 was enacted by the
Senate and House of Representatives in Congress on its 5th
regular session in 1991 and was approved and signed into law
by President Corazon C. Aquino on October 1991. The
significance of the Local Government Code of 1991 to the
Sangguniang Kabataan “lays down the policies that seek to
institutionalize democracy at the local level” and as such
hopes to accomplish the initial process of stimulating our
people to participate directly in the affairs of government.
According to the Philippine Constitution, the local
government is the political subdivision of the country.
Geographically, it is subdivided into provinces, cities,
municipalities and barangay communities. These local
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government units consolidate and coordinate their efforts,
services and resources for purposes beneficial to the people
in their respective communities. Each local government unit
has the power to create its sources of revenue and to levy
taxes under R.A. 7160, subject to such limitation as may be
provided for by law (Ramirez, 1993). The average income of the
people in the community is low, below subsistence level and
poverty is a common sight among the inhabitant in the area.
Upliftment of economic condition of these groups is one of the
priority concerns of the community officials and the
Sangguniang Kabataan members. The community assembly created
in the different communities throughout the country is
composed of the community captain, community councilmen, the
community secretary and the community treasurer. The qualified
voters of the community elect the community captains together
with the seven councilmen at large. They hold office until the
end of the term of the community captain which is three years
as one term. The Sangguniang Kabataan members are also elected
by the youth in the community. There are eight Sangguniang
Kabataan officials in each community. They are tasked by the
national government with the supervision of the community
council in implementation of the legislative agenda formulated
by the higher officials in our governmental system.
13
In the survey conducted by Social Weather Station (SWS)
2007, shows the response of a sampling of the city's
populace regarding Local Governance and other concerns.
Results of the survey show that citizens of Iriga gave a net
satisfaction rating of +23% to the services of local
government employees. The survey also shows that Mayor
Madelaine Alfelor-Gazmen tops the least of most trusted
official with a net rating of +78%. Next in the list are
local Barangay officials and the Sangguniang Kabataan with
+67, City Council with +59% and Police Officials with
+50%.According to (Nations Children’s Fund 2007) in the study
entitled: The Impact of Youth Participation in the Local
Government Process the Sangguniang Kabataan Experience, the key
findings of the study was that the Sangguniang Kabataan’s
performance for the past ten years has been generally weak.
This is especially true in terms of coming up with legislation
s, promoting the development of young people, submitting
reports and holding consultations with their constituents.
On the other hand, the study also discovered notable
strengths of the Sangguniang Kabataan, including
its tremendous potential to develop the next generation
of leaders, engage the youth in the community and teach them
accountability, honesty and creativity. The study
revealed that Sangguniang Kabataan officialso learned to
14
source alternative funding whenotheir budgets were not
sufficient. They also gained skills in
consultingoandocoordinatingowithovariousonational and local
government units and nongovernment organizations to 000improve
their performance. These findings led to the conclusion that
the0potentialsoofo theo Sangguniango Kabataanoareonot being
maximized, resulting in projectsothat are largely limited to
sports, infrastructure, development and environmental
protection.oBest practices showed that while negative
perceptions and inherent weaknesses weigh it down, the
Sangguniang Kabataan has great potential to become a true
venue for youth participation in governance. Giving the youth
a seat in local governments, providing them with a budget
mandated by law, listening to them and providing venues for
them to meaningfully take part in shaping local policies and
programs could transform young people into significant members
of the community.
Jones (2009: 88) said that policy-makers use
measurements of life stages because it is convenient for them
but this can form an ideology of life course – thus, in the
Philippines, it can perpetuate constricting the youth to
category that they should be in school, and not be involved in
politics. It is in support with (Ennew and Milne 1989 8) when
15
they said that “cultures determine the different ways they
[children] and the things they are supposed to do… in our
world, children are separated from adults: they go to school
rather than work; they are not expected to take on
responsibility”.
Ansell, 2005 Boyden as cited in Hart 2008 ) mentioned
the tendency worldwide to assume that children and youth need
to have formal education. This perspective is apparent in the
way policy-makers think. They perpetuate the dichotomy between
adults and youth because they implied that politics is not a
space for youth – youth should focus in school instead. Youth
are discriminated based on age and policy-makers blame them
for being absent in government meetings (for the reason that
they are in school). Policy-makers did not question that
structure of the government where the youth council is located
– instead, they focused on targeting the age of youth as a
problem. It can be deduced that the reason for this is that
changing the age range of the youth is easier as compared to
changing the government structure where the youth council is
located.
In 2002 Malaya, the League of Municipalities of the
Philippines (LMP) said in a letter to the House representative
Gilbert Remulla that the SK’s relevance in local government
16
has been made obsolete by reports of corruption among the SK
leader. There have been reports that the same have dipped
their hands into the funds given to them. The LMP said it
recognizes the importance of youth participation in governance
but it does not see the SK fulfilling such mandates. The LMP
proposed that instead of the SK, youth representatives be
appointed to the Sangguniang Bayan and Sangguniang
Panlalawigan as ex-officio member. The youth representative
shall not receive regular salary and benefits but shall only
receive honorarium or allowance per session attendance basis.
But, Edgardo Angara said “We have to consider the fact that
we’re exposing the youth to politics-Philippine style, which
we all know is a no holds barred avenue. I am concerned
because we are accelerating the entrance of such malleable,
impressionable minds into Philippine politics and all its
less-than honorable practices”. He suggested that instead of
having an independent institution like the SK, the government
should create an elected position within the Barangay,
municipal or provincial council for youth representatives.
“This will be more practical and economical, since there will
be no need to hold separate elections specifically for them,
and because if the integration, these representatives will
have better access to the resources for their projects”.
17
The (United Methodist News Service, 2004) Barangay Yout
Council is the governing body of the Youth Assembly that is
organized in every Barangay, which is the smallest unit of
local government in the Philippines. Its primary objective is
to enhance the development of the youth in the country. The
Council promulgates resolutions necessary to carry out the
objectives of the youth. Among the activities initiated by
Councils around the country are tree planting, clean-up drives
for rivers and lakes, waste segregation, and the like.
Involvement in these activities has helped promote environment
consciousness among the youth in the Philippines.
As to arguments on the issues, (Torralba,
2008) "No!" to Sangguniang Kabataan abolition more youth wants
to be a part of nation building According to Sen. Aquilino
Pimentel, the Sangguniang Kabataan Council or SK must be
abolished because it is no longer serving its function. Most
SK leaders have ignored their duties. The primary reason is
they are always in school, not in the council. And worst is,
he said, the Sangguniang Kabataan leaders have committed
corrupt practices by being tempted of the funds provided to
them. If you notice your son or daughter being always active
in school or community activities, being a student leader, a
member of your community’s youth club or maybe, an SK
councilor, do not make them discontinue what they love to do.
18
Who knows, your son or daughter might be the next future
leader of our country.
However, in year 2000 a survey conducted by McCann-
Erickson ranging from 13- 21 years old shows that only 10% of
the youth are concerned about politics in the country. Another
study was conducted in 2001 by NFO-Trends, surveying children
and youth with ages ranging from 7-21 years old, according to
the study, there is low awareness even apathy towards cultural
values and national affairs among the youth. Also, a case
study conducted by United Nations Development Program
concluded that the youth are not politically motivated and
influenced, limiting their concern to the interest of the
younger members of the community and so politician usually pay
them less attention in election related activities. As what
Singson cited in 2001 some elected SK officials do not have
enough knowledge regarding their functions in the government
as well as to the youth. This dilemma might have rooted from
the fact that the youth have minimal awareness on social and
political issues.
Moreover, an article was released in 2007 by Sotelo-
Fuertes, stating that most mayors from Pangasinan have agreed
that the SK should be abolished. They said SK officials could
not divide their time between school work and their
19
responsibilities in SK. Additionally, Mayor Guico said that SK
leaders should usually consult barangay chairs and whenever
this happens, the SK officials are usually accompanied by
their parents to dictate them on what to do. Ergo they cannot
really decide on their own and cannot effectively represent
the youth sector but the local government units are spending
money for their salaries and benefits.
Thus, we can say that of Sangguniang Kabataan based
from the different related literature and studies gathered
by the researchers, the number one strong points
are preparing youth leadership and develop them into a
high-quality leader in the future. The youth is the hope
of the future. Another point is their participation in the
community. Most youth today are active in community and they
need a leader who can guide them. Most importantly, the
lessons being taught in Sangguniang Kabataan such as
value of accountability, responsibility, honesty and
creativity, must be instilled in the minds of these
youth leaders .As cited in the study of (Balanon, 2007)
in Panabo, Davao, the youth can lead, but they can lead
more effectively with the cooperation and support of
concerned organizations. As to Bessel 2009, youth’s
participation in decision-making held by government officials
and non-government representatives engaged in promoting
20
children’s participation in the Philippines. It suggests that
the ideas that policy-makers and service deliverers hold about
children’s participation are heterogeneous, diverse and
complex. While adults’ attitudes are often presented as
serious barriers to children’s participation, this study
suggests that they are both obstructive and facilitative. A
deeper understanding of the range of ideas held by adults,
particularly policy-makers and service providers, may be the
critical next step in progressing children’s participation in
a direction that is meaningful for youth and influential in
terms of policy outcomes.
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Theoretical Framework
The Filipino youth is the most precious national
resource reiterated by almost everybody public gatherings like
national holiday celebrations, in congressional debates, mass
actions, at election time, but as a people have yet to prove
beyond doubt the commitment to the youth’s growth, welfare and
development through concrete deeds. The most opportune time
for the government to input in the information and shaping of
the future leadership of the country.
This study is anchored on Bernard M. Bass (1998)
transformational leadership theory. Transformational
leadership theory defines leadership as creating valuable and
positive change in the followers. A transformational leader
focuses on "transforming" others to help each other, to look
out for each other, to be encouraging and harmonious, and to
look out for the organization as a whole. In this leadership,
the leader enhances the motivation, morale and performance of
his follower group. The extent to which leader is
transformational is measured first, in terms of his influence
on the followers. The followers of such leader feel trust,
admiration, loyalty and respect to the leader and they will do
more than they expected in the beginning. The leader
transforms and motivates followers by charisma, intellectual
22
arousal and individual consideration. In addition, this leader
seeks for new working ways, while he tries to identify new
opportunities versus threats and tries to get out of the
status quo and alter the environment.
The full range of leadership introduces four elements of a
transformational leader:
1. Individualized consideration- the degree to which the
leader attends to each follower's needs, acts as a mentor or
coach to the follower and listens to the follower's concerns
and needs. The leader gives empathy and support, keeps
communication open and places challenges before the followers.
This also encompasses the need for respect and celebrates the
individual contribution that each follower can make to the
team. The followers have a will and aspirations for self
development and have intrinsic motivation for their tasks.
2. Intellectual stimulation-the degree, to which the leader
challenges assumptions, takes risks and solicits followers'
ideas. Leaders with this trait stimulate and encourage
creativity in their followers. They nurture and develop people
who think independently. For such a leader, learning is a
value and unexpected situations are seen as opportunities to
learn. The followers ask questions, think deeply about things
and figure out better ways to execute their tasks.
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3. Inspirational motivation- the degree to which the leader
articulates a vision that is appealing and inspiring to
followers. Leaders with inspirational motivation challenge
followers with high standards, communicate optimism about
future goals, and provide meaning for the task at hand.
Followers need to have a strong sense of purpose if they are
to be motivated to act. Purpose and meaning provide the energy
that drives a group forward. The visionary aspect of
leadership is supported by communication skills that make it
precise and powerful. The followers are willing to invest more
effort in their tasks, they are encouraged and optimistic
about the future and believe in their abilities.
4. Idealized Influence - Provides vision and sense of mission,
instills pride, gains respect and trust.
On the other hand it also implies the Theory of
Reasoned Action Which is the theory of reasoned action and
behavior performance postulated by Martin Fishbein and Icek
Ajzen states that the primary determinant of behavior is the
intention of the person to perform the act (Taylor. 2000).
The person’s intention to behave in one way or the other is
treated as a function of a person’s attitude towards
performing the behavior and his perception of the social
pressure exerted upon him/her to perform the behavior. The
24
theorist further argues that in order for a person to perform
a given behavior, the person must have formed “a strong
commitment to perform the behavior”. In the context of this
study, it is assumed that those who voted or ran as SK
candidates have strong commitment to the roles and functions
of the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) as an institution. Also the
“Rational Choice Theory”, wherein according to this theory,
human beings make rational calculations with respect to the
best way to maximize utility or benefits. In relation to this
study, it is assumed that respondents would tend to be more
politically involved in the SK election because they believe
they can get something in return.
Thus this theory employs that having the Sangguniang
Kabataan in our country must be trained and mold as a young
leader. Hence molding and giving the youth knowledge on how to
be a globally competitive one is needed. Empowering our youth
to have a strong foundation of leadership must also focus of
our Government for our country to have a strong and
competitive country not only today but in the future.
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INPUT Process Output

1. What is the profile
of the participants in
terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1. Identifying the
1.3 Religion Profile of the
1.4 Educational participants.
attainment 1. Determined services
2. Determining the rendered by the
1.5 Occupation different services Sangguninag Kabataan in
2. What are the rendered by the Santiago, Iguig,
services rendered by Sangguniang Cagayan.
Sangguninag Kabataan? Kabataan.
2. Determined
3. What is the performance level of
3. Determining the
performance level of SK the SK Officials of
Officials of Barangay performance level of
Barangay Santiago,
Santiago, SK Officials of
Iguig,Cagayan? Iguig, Cagayan.
Barangy Santiago,
4. Is there a Iguig,Cagayan and
significant difference its significant
on the level of difference to the
performance of SK participants profile
Officials of Santiago,
Iguig, Cagayan as variable.
perceived by the
participants when
grouped according to
profile variable.
FEEDBACK
Figure1. Paradigm of the Study
26
This study was focused on the performance level of SK
Officials of Barangay Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan. The paradigm
of the study consists of Input, Process and output.
Box 1 presents the Input of the study that was composed
of identify the Profile of the participants, determine the
services rendered by Sangguniang Kabataan, performance level of
SK Officials and its significant difference to their performance
level as perceived by the participants. Box 2 presents the
process in assessing the profile of the participants, identifying
the different services rendered by the Sangguniang Kabataan,
identifying the performance level of SK Officials, and
identifying the significant difference on the performance level
of SK of Barangay Santiago, Iguig, as perceived by the
participants when grouped according to profile variables. Box 3
presents the Output of the study that determines the different
services rendered by the Sangguniang Kabataan and Determined
performance level of SK Officials of Barangay Santiago, Iguig,
Cagayan.
27
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the performance level of
Sangguniang Kabataan Officials of Barangay, Santiago, Iguig,
Cagayan.
Specifically the study sought to make a deeper analysis
of the following:
1. What is the profile of the participant in terms of?
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Religion
1.4 Educational attainment
1.5 Occupation
2. What are the services rendered by the Sangguniang
Kabataan Officials of Barangay Santiago,Iguig,Cagayan?
3. What is the performance level of Sangguniang Kabataan
Officials of Barangay Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan?
4. Is there a significant difference on the performance level
of SK Officials of Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan as
perceived by participants when grouped according to
profile variable?
28
Hypothesis
Ha= There is a significant deference between the
performance level of SK Officials of Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan
as perceived by the participants when grouped according to
profile variables.
Significance of the study
The study aims to give information and knowledge among
the citizens of Barangay Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan. The
following endeavors will be benefited:
Youth. This study is significant to them by becoming aware of
the Sangguniang Kabataan services, projects, main functions,
and powers of the Sangguniang Kabataan in the locality.
Youth Leaders. T h i s r e s e a r c h w o r k w i l l b e h e l p f u l t o
them, to know their level o f participation on the
duties that they were assigned by law, through youth’s
evaluation and be made aware into it so as to rectify the
same for the benefit of the youth in the locality.
Local Officials. This study will serve them to guide the SK
officials in implementing their projects.
29
Community. This study will make them more aware in the
condition of Sangguniang Kabataan services.
Students. The study will serve as an informative knowledge to
them in knowing the condition of today’s Sangguniang Kabataan
projects. It will help them to know the primary function and
duties of the Sangguniang Kabataan Officials in the locality.
Researchers. This study will serves as a basis and informative
research that would really help them in conducting a parallel study.
Scope and limitations
This study was conducted at Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan on
August-October 2018. The 70 selected citizens of Baranggay
Santiago were the participants of the study. The research
covered the performance level of the Sangguniang Kabataan on
the said Barangay.
30
Definition of Terms
The following terms are both theoritically and
o p e r a t i o n a l l y d e f i n e d a s u s e d i n t h e context of the
study so as to have clear and easiest understanding into it:
Performance Level – refers to the description of the levels
of quality attainment within each criterion that are
incrementally identified as low, good, better, and best.
Localogovernmentounit- refers to the Executive Legislative body
in cities, municipalities, provinces, and Barangay who are
responsible to implement programs.
Officials– refers to someone who holds an office (function
or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working
space with it) in an organization or government and participates
in the exercise of authority (either his own or that of
his superior and/or employer, public or legally private).
Sangguniang Kabataan- refers to the youth legislature in
every local village or community. It also initiates
policies, programs and projects for the development of
youth in their respective political territories.
31
Chapter II
Methodology
This chapter of the study was composed of the methods
of the research that the researcher had employed. The research
design, sample and sampling procedure, instruments and other
sources of data, data collection and data analysis was
contained in this chapter.
Research Design
The researchers used the Descriptive survey method to
determine the performance level of SK Official of Barangay
Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan.
Sample and Sampling Procedure
The 70 male and female selected citizens of Barangay
Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan were the participants of the study.
Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 35 50%
Female 35 50%
Total 70 100%
32
Instruments and Other Sources of Data
To determine the performance level of SK Officials of
Barangay Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan, a questionnaire was
formulated and distributed personally by the researchers and
was answered by the participants.
Data Collection
Prior to the distribution of the questionnaire, a letter of
permission was given to the Baranggay Captain of Barangay
Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan and after the permission, the
researchers personally distributed the questionnaire to assure
that the selected participants were guided on their questions
and clarifications. The accomplished questionnaires were
tallied, analyzed and interpreted by the researchers.
Data Analysis
33
Prior to the analysis of the data, the researchers used the
frequency, percentage, mean, ranking scale and ANNOVA in order
to summarize, analyze, and interpret the data gathered.
Likert Scale
Numerical Value Scale Description

4 3.26-4.0 Highly Positive
3 2.6-3.25 Positive
2 1.76-2.5 Negative
1 1.0-1.75 Highly Negative
CHAPTER 3
34
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
This chapter deals with the discussion of the
findings, analysis and interpretation. It also includes the
participant’s demographic profile.
1. Demographic Profile of the Participants
1.1 Age
Table 1. Presents the Frequency and percentage distribution
of participants as to Age.
Age Frequency Percentage

15-20 27 38.6%
21-26 10 14.3%
27-32 7 10.0%
33-38 6 8.6%
39-43 3 4.3%
44-49 7 10.0%
50 and above 10 14.3%
Total 70 100.0%
As shown on the table above, there are 27 or 38.6% of the
participants belong to 15-20 years old on the other hand both 10 or
14.3% of the participants are belong to 21-26 & 50 and above, both 7
or 10.0% of the participants belong to 27-32 and 44-49, followed by 6
or 8.6% of the participants belong to 33-38 and 3 or 4.3% of the
participants are 39-43 years old.
1.2 Gender
35
Table 2 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the
participants as to Gender.
Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 35 50.0%
Female 35 50.0%
Total 70 100.0%
The table above shows the profile of the participants as to
gender, the same frequency of 35 or 50% of the participants where
male and female.
1.3 Religion
Table 3. Presents the frequency and percentage distribution
of the participants as to Religion.
Religion Frequency Percentage

Roman Catholic 45 64.3%
Born Again 25 35.7%
Total 70 100.0%
36
The above table shows the frequency and the percentage
distribution of the participants as to religion. Most of the
participants are Roman Catholic having 45 or 64.3% participants
and followed by Born Again with 25 or 35.7% participants. Hence
majority of the participants are Christian.
1.4 Educational Attainment
Table 4. Presents the frequency and percentage
distribution of the participants as to Educational Attainment.
Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment
Elementary 6 8.6%
High School 42 60.0%
College Level 14 20.0%
College Graduate 8 11.4%
Total 70 100.0%
37
The table above shows the frequency and percentage
distribution of the participants as to educational attainment, 42
or 60.0% of the participants are High School, 14 or 20.0% are
College Level,8 or 11.4% of the participants are College Graduate
and 6 or 8.6% of the participants are College Graduate.
1.5 Occupation
Table 5 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the
participants as to Occupation.
Occupation Frequency Percentage

Farmer 5 7.1%
House Keeper 16 22.9%
Government Employee 1 1.4%
Barangay Official 8 11.4%
Driver 3 4.3%
Vendor 4 5.7%
Others 33 47.1%
Total 100.0%
70
38
The table above shows the frequency and percentage
distribution of the participants as to occupation, 33 or 47.1% of
the participants are others (Students, Security,and Laundry
woman), 16 or 22.9% are house keeper,8 or 11.4% of the
participants are Barangay officials,5 or 7.1% are Farmer, 4 or
5.7% are Vendor and 3 or 4.3% of the participants are Driver.
Table 6 presents the Weighted Mean of the Performace
Level of the Duties and responsibilities of Sangguniang Kabataan
of Barangay Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan.
Statements Item Descriptive

Mean Interpretation
1. Hold fund raising activities, the proceeds of 2.0286 Negative
which shall be tax exempt and shall accrue to the
Sangguniang Kabataan general fund.
2. SK contributes much in the holistic 2.0429 Negative
development of the youth, molding them at a very
young age in leadership and managerial skills,
for the youth are deemed to be the successors of
today’s leaders.
3. The SK officials are implementing projects and 2.5286 Negative
advocacies associated with youth empowerment.
4. With SK, the youth sector has been given 2.5714 Negative
active opportunity to become real partners in all
levels of governance.
5. The SK officials have gained experiences and 2.5857 Negative
learned new skills; and have become responsible
and accountable individuals.
6. The SK officials have been responsible enough 1.9143 Negative
and can handle its constituents effectively
despite their young age.
7. The SK officials, being mainly students that 1.8857 Negative

can balance their education or work being a
Barangay official.
8. The SK fund has been used to important, 2.0000 Negative
39
efficient and meaningful projects and activities

for the youth.
9. The SK has been a very good and efficient 2.0143 Negative
venue for youth participation in local governance
10.Promotes the maintenance of the Peace and 1.8000 Negative
Order in Barangay.
11. Promotes Environmental Protection such as 1.8429 Negative
beautification and Solid Waste Management.
Weighted Mean 2.1104 Negative
As could been observed from the table presented, all of
the participants categorized all of the items as negative. Item
number 5, having the highest mean of 2.5857, states that the SK
officials have gained experiences and learned new skills; and
have become responsible and accountable individuals. It is
followed by item number 5, having the mean of 2.5714 which states
that with SK, the youth sector has been given active opportunity to become
real partners in all levels of governance. The lowest mean belongs to item
number 10 which holds the mean of 8.00. The item number says that the
Sangguniang Kabataan official promotes the maintenance of the peace and order
in Barangay. The weighted mean is 2.1104 and depicted as Negative.
This only implies that the level of performance of the level of the
Sangguniang Kabataan is not desirable. Another, so far there are no
implementations of projects and advocacies that rendered by the Sangguniang
Kabataan that shows they have been ineffective in doing their duties and
responsibilities as a youth leader. Which means based on the results the
Sangguniang Kabataan of Barangay Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan had been
ineffective.
40
Table 7. Presents the Weighted Mean on Performace Level of the
Duties and responsibilities of Sangguniang Kabataan of Barangay
Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan based from Barangay officials.
For Barangay Officials only Item Descriptive
Mean Interpretation
1. The SK promulgate resolutions necessary to carry out Negative

2.3750
the objectives of the youth in the Barangay, in
accordance with applicable provisions of the Code
2. Initiate programs designed to enhance the social, Negative
2.2500
spiritual and physical development of the members
3. Create such bodies or committees necessary to
2.1250
effectively carry out its programs and activities
4. Submit annual end-of-term reports to the Sangguniang Negative
2.5000
Barangay on their projects and activities
5. Consult and coordinate with all youth organizations Negative
2.2500
in the Barangay for policy formulation and program
implementation
6. Exercise such other powers and perform such other Negative
2.1250
duties and functions as the Sangguniang Kabataan may
determine or delegate or as may be prescribed by law or
ordinance.
Weighted Mean 2.2708 Negative
41
The table above reflects that all of the Barangay
officials categorized most of the items as negative. Item number
4, having the highest mean of 2.50, states that the SK officials
have submit annual end-of-term reports to the Sangguniang
Barangay for policy formulation and program implementation. It is
followed by item number 1, having the mean of 2.375 which states
that, SK promulgate resolution necessary to carry out the
objectives of the youth in the Barangay, in the accordance with
applicable provisions of the code. On the other hand, the lowest
mean belongs to both item number 3 and 6 which holds the mean of
2.125. The item number 3 says that the Sangguniang Kabataan
create such bodies or committees necessary to effectively carry
out its programs and activities. While item number 6 states that
the Sangguniang Kabataan exercise such other powers and perform
such other duties and functions as the Sangguniang Kabataan may
determine or delegate or as may be prescribed by law or
ordinance. The weighted mean is 2.278 and depicted as negative.
This only implies that the SK Officials of Barangay
Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan did not meet what are expected them to
do as stated at Local Government Code of 1991.
42
Table 8. Significant Difference of profile of the participants to
the performance level of the Sangguniang kabataan officials
Performance Level of SK Officials

PROFILE df. Sig.
Age Between Groups 6 0.382

Within Groups 63
Total 69
Gender Between Groups 1 0.154
Within Groups 68
Total 69
Religion Between Groups 1 0.034*
Within Groups 68
Total 69
Educational Between Groups 3 0.014*
Attainment Within Groups 66
Total 69
Occupation Between Groups 6 0.122
Within Groups 63
Total 69
As could be gleaned from the results of the data,
religion and educational attainment of the participants have both
significant differences to the level of performance of the
43
Sangguniang Kabataan official of Barangay Santiago, Iguig,
Cagayan. Hence, the acceptance of the null hypothesis at 0.05
level of significance.
Thus, this implies the study conducted by Hyuncheol
Bryant Kim (2018), that education attainment can be leveraged to
help enhance an individual's decision-making.
He found that those who took part in the education
intervention had higher scores of economic rationality,
suggesting that education is a tool for enhancing an individual's
decision-making quality. "While we know that schooling has been
shown in previous work to have positive effects on a wide range
of outcomes, such as income and health, our work provides
evidence of potentially additional benefits coming from
improvements in people's decision-making abilities."
Traditional economic analysis assumes that humans make rational
choices. However, mounting evidence shows that people tend to
make systematic errors in judgment and decision-making and that
there is a high level of diversity in how rational individuals
are.
Kim points out that most other research on improving the
quality of decision-making targets the reduction of decision
biases. For example, behavioral economists have urged
policymakers to intervene in markets and restructure choice

44
environments, the way that a decision is presented, without
restraining people's freedom of choice.
"We take a different stand: proper policy tools can enhance
general capabilities of decision making," Kim said. "Education
can better equip people for high-quality decision-making for
their lives."
On the other hand, according to Jordyn Leighton (2015),
after the enlightenment period more society began to view
religion as a restrictive cutler. Today in the 21st century and
in western society orthodox religion is considered restrictive
and oppressive on decision making. People feel this way because
they want to make decisions for themselves, and certain rules
that are associated with religion are not as socially expected as
there were before. People today want to make decisions based on
their own needs and desires and not their religious expectations.
Most societies and cutlers are based off a moral code
associated with religions, as some cultures identify themselves
by their religion. In this case peoples behaviors will be a
result of the social norms and expectations associated with that
particular religion. The Ten Commandments which play a
fundamental role in the religious faith of Judaism and
Christianity, is the moral code that they should follow. The 9th
commandment states: Thou shall not bear false witness against thy
45
neighbor. Meaning that one should always tell the truth. Thus
leading to someone making a decision to be truthful because that
is what is expected of them from their god and their religion,
and not doing so would be dishonorable.
Religion is meant to have a positive influence on decision
making, as it teachers individuals morality. In the scene that
they should all make decisions that would be approved by their
god and follow to creed and code of one’s region.
All religions have values. Values are guides to behavior, such as
do good, avoid wrong. Thus further influencing positive decision
making amounts religious followers.
While the age, gender, and occupation had no significant
differences on level of performance of the Sangguniang Kabataan
official of Barangay Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan. Hence, the
rejection of the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance.
46
Chapter IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of findings along with
the conclusions and recommendations.
Summary of findings
Based on the gathered data that were analyze, the
following findings were obtain.
1. What is the profile of the respondents as to:
1.1 Age
Most of the participants are 15-20 years old with
frequency of 27 or 38.6%.
1.2 Gender
There was an equal distribution of participants as to
gender with each frequency of 35 or 50%.
1.3 Religion
Most of the participant’s are Roman Catholic with
frequency of 45 or 64.3%.
47
1.4 Educational Attainment
Most of the participants are high school graduate with
frequency of 42 or 60%.
1.5 Occupation
Most of the participants are others (Student, Security
Guard and Laundrywoman) with frequency of 33 or
41.1%.
2. What are the services rendered by the Sangguniang Kabataan
officials?
So far there no services rendered by the Sangguniang
Kabataan officials to the citizens of Barangay Santiago, Iguig,
Cagayan.
3. What is the performance level of of SK Officials of Barangay
Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan?
Majority of the participants evaluation to the
performance level of the Sangguniang Kabataan is negative.
4. Is there is significant diference on the performance level
among sangguniang kabataan in Santiago Cagayan when grouped to
profile variables?
There is a significant difference between the
performance level to the religion and educational attainment of

48
the participants while the age, gender and occupation have no
significant difference the performance level.
Conclusions
Based on the findings presented, researchers came up
formulated the following conclusions.
SK Officials. To be aware of the need of their constituents for
them to provide appropriate activities/program to address current
issues concerns.
Youth. To choose properly their leaders who are capable of
carrying out their duties/responsibilities as SK official.
Furthermore, they shall also actively participate to the
activities of their barangay.
Local Officials. To better guide the SK officials, especially so
that they are neophyte leaders.
Community. To be more aware in the condition of sangguniang
Kaataan services.
49
Recommendations
After a deeper analysis of the findings and conclusions,
the researchers offer the following recommendations.
1. The youth leaders (SK Officials) must possess enough
knowledge on leadership, consistent decision making and positive
outlook in life. Thus, there must be a conduct of seminars that
will empower the Sangguniang Kabataan Official’s leadership
skills.
2. The youth leaders (SK Officials) should provide
various activities in order to get the interest of their fellow
youth from delinquent acts.
3. There must be collaboration of work between barangay
officials and youth leaders (SK Officials) should take place so
that they could implement more contributions to their barangay
constituents.
50
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acuna, A. (1960) ‘Youth Movement’, Bansa 4(1): 2–11. Date
Retrieved (July 27,2018)
Agoncillo, T. (1990) History of the Filipino People.
Philippines: Garotech Publishing. Date Retrieved (July
27, 2018)
Bessell, S. (2009) ‘Children’s Participation in Decision-Making
in the Philippines’, Childhood Vol. 16(3):299-316.Date
Retrieved (July 27, 2018)
Cunningham, William G. and Paula A. Cordeiro. Educational
Administration – A Problem Based Approach.Boston,
Massachusetts; Allyn and Bason, 2003. Date Retrieved
(July 27,2018)
De Vera, V. (1971) ‘The Political Implications of the Student
Movement in the Philippines. ’Unpublished doctoral
dissertation. Manila: Graduate Study, University of Santo
Tomas. Date Retrieved (July 27, 2018)
Hughes, Ginnett, and Curphy 2006 Legacee Management Systems Inc.
http://www.legacee.com/Info/Leadership/Definitions.html .
Date Retrieved (July 27, 2018)
Lanuza, G. (2004) ‘The theoretical state of Philippine youth
studies – Current trends and future directions’,Young
51
Vol.12(4):357-376.
http://you.sagepub.com/content/12/4/357.full.pdf+html. Date
Retrieved (July 27,2018)
“Local leaders back SK abolition.” Malaya. June 13, 2002 p.6.
Date Retrieved (July 27, 2018)
National Youth Commission. National Assessment: Youth
Attributes, Participation and Service-Providers. 2004.
Date Retrieved (July 27,2018)
Ramirez, E. The New Philippine Constitution. Magallanes St. Cebu
City: Barba Press, 1993. Date Retrieved (July 27, 2018)
Republic Act 1191. Year Constituting the Pambansang Katipunan ng
Kabataan ng Pilipinas, Vesting with Powers and Attributes
of a Corporation, Defining its Roles and Functions and for
Other Purposes. Date Retrieved (July 27,2018)
Sangguniang Kabataan Primer Book I. Manila, 1992. Date Retrieved
(July 27, 2018)
Schraa-Liu, T. & Trompenaars, F. (2006). Towards responsible
leadership,London: Routledge. Date Retrieved (July 27,2018)
Tuano, R. (1994) ‘The Decline of Student Activism’, Intersect
8(5): 7. Date Retrieved (July 27, 2018)
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Youth Bridge Foundation | Bridging Gaps for Positive Youth
Development, youth bridge foundation.org. Date Retrieved
(July 27, 2018)
https://www.Rational Choice Theory .html. Date Retrieved (July
27, 2018)
https://www.Theory of Reasoned Action.html. Date Retrieved (July
27, 2018)
https://www.learning-theories.com/transformational-theory-
BernardM.Basa-1998.html. Date Retrieved (July 27,2018)
APPENDIX A
53
INFORMED CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE IN THE STUDY ON Performance Level

of Sangguniang Kabataan Officials of Barangay
Santiago,Iguig,Cagayan
A research study on Performance Level of Sangguniang

Kabataan Officials of Barangay Santiago,Iguig,Cagayan is being
conducted by the Grade 11-GAS and ABM student of Vicente D.
Trinidad High School year 2018-2019(1st semester).
You are being asked to take part in this study by completing
the questionnaire. In connection to this, we have prepared
questionnaires to gather information for our study. Your
participation in the study by way of answering the questionnaires
is very vital. Without it, the study will not be as complete as
it should be and the success of this study depends on you. Please
be assured that the information you’ll give will be treated with
utmost confidentiality.
Your participation is anonymous, confidential, and voluntary
and will take you approximately 10-15 minutes. Please be aware
that you are not required to participate in this research. You
may skip discontinue your participation at any time without
penalty. You may skip any item on the questionnaire if you prefer
not to answer.
There are no expected risk(s) to you for being a part of the
research.
54
If you have any questions or concerns regarding the study,
you may contact the researchers on this mobile
number:_________________________
If you voluntarily agree to participate in this study,
please indicate your agreement by signing below.
Signature over printed name of participant/date
Signature over printed name of person obtaining
consent/date
55
Apendix B
LTTER OF PERMISSION
Republic of the Philippines
Ajat, Iguig, Cagayan
Dr. Marites P. Danao
Secondary Principal III
Dear Ma’am,
The undersigned Grade-11-GAS students are conducting a study

titled “Performance Level of Sangguniang Kabataan Officials of
Barangay Santiago,Iguig,Cagayan” in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the subject Practical Research 2 for this 1 st
semester, AY 2018-2019.
In line with this, may we request your permission from your

good office to approve this activity and be allowed us to float
questionnaires as one instrument to the aforesaid participants.
We shall acknowledge with deep gratitude your approval of

request.
Very respectfully yours,
Robert Karl N. Rumusud Rodel Bassig
Rhea Jane Centeno Jaymark Malana
Approved by:
56
Dr. Marites P. Danao PhD
Secondary Principal III
Apendix C
LTTER OF PERMISSION
Republic of the Philippines
Ajat, Iguig, Cagayan
Magno J. Rumusud
Baragay Captain
Iguig, Cagayan
Dear Sir,
The undersigned Grade-11-GAS students are conducting a study

titled “Performance Level of Sangguniang Kabataan Officials of
Barangay Santiago,Iguig,Cagayan” in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the subject Practical Research 2 for this 1 st
semester, AY 2018-2019.
In line with this, may we request your permission from your

good office to approve this activity and be allowed us to float
questionnaires as one instrument to the aforesaid respondents.
We shall acknowledge with deep gratitude your approval of

request.
Very respectfully yours,
Robert Karl N. Rumusud Rodel Bassig
Rhea Jane Centeno Jaymark Malana
Approved by:
57
Magno J. Rumusud
Barangay Captain of Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan

Appendix D
Dear Participants,
The researchers are currently conducting a research titled “Level

of Satisfaction among citizens of Santiago,Iguig,Cagayan on Services rendered
by the Sangguniang Kabataan.”
As SHS students, the undersigned would like to ask you to be one

of the participants of this study. We would be grateful if you assist us by
honestly answering all the items of the attach questionnaire. Rest assured
that your personal information and response will be kept confidential and be
used for academic purposes only.
Your positive respond to this request will be highly appreciated.
Respectfully yours,
The)Researchers
Conforme:
All of my concerns about this study have been
addressed. I choose to voluntarily participate in this research
project.
_____________________________________
Signature over printed name of the participant
PartI.Demographic Profile.
DIRECTION: Fill in the blank and check the box that corresponds to
your answer.
Name:__________________________________(optional)
Age: 15-20 21-26 27-32 33-38
39-43 44-49 50 above
Gender: Male Female
Religion: Roman Catholic Born Again
Iglesia ni Cristo Jehova Witnessess
Educational Attainment: Elementary High School
58
College Level College Graduate
Occupation: Farmer Housekeeper
Government Employee Driver
Barangay Official Vendor
Others:_____________ ___(specify)
Part II: Direction: Below are series of questions that are connected with the
level of satisfaction among of Santiago,Iguig,Cagayan on Services rendered by
the Sangguniang Kabataan. Read each questions carefully and put a check below
on the space provided. Answer with honestly.
(4) Highly Positive (3) Positive (2) Negative (1) Highly Negative
4 3 2 1
1.Hold fund raising activities, the proceeds of which
shall be tax exempt and shall accrue to the
Sangguniang Kabataan general fund
2. SK contributes much in the holistic development of
the youth, molding them at a very young age in
leadership and managerial skills, for the youth are
deemed to be the successors of today’s leaders.
3. The SK officials are implementing projects and
advocacies associated with youth empowerment.
4. With SK, the youth sector has been given active
opportunity to become real partners in all levels of
governance.
5. The SK officials have gained experiences and
learned new skills; and have become responsible and
accountable individuals.
6. The SK officials have been responsible enough and
can handle its constituents effectively despite their
young age.
7. The SK officials, being mainly students that can
balance their education or work being a Barangay
official.
8. The SK fund has been used to important, efficient
and meaningful projects and activities for the youth.
9. The SK has been a very good and efficient venue
for youth participation in local governance.
10.Promotes the maintenance of the Peace and Order
in Barangay.
11. Promotes Environmental Protection such as
beautification and Solid Waste Management.
59
For Barangay Officials only 4 3 2 1

1. The SK promulgate resolutions necessary to carry out the
objectives of the youth in the Barangay, in accordance with
applicable provisions of the Code
2. Initiate programs designed to enhance the social,
spiritual and physical development of the members
3. Create such bodies or committees necessary to
effectively carry out its programs and activities
4. Submit annual end-of-term reports to the Sangguniang
Barangay on their projects and activities
5. Consult and coordinate with all youth organizations
in the Barangay for policy formulation and program
implementation
6. Exercise such other powers and perform such other
duties and functions as the Sangguniang Kabataan may determine
or delegate or as may be prescribed by law or ordinance.
60
CURICCULUM VITAE
NAME: Robert Karl N. Rumusud
DATE OF BIRTH: Novenber22,2000
AGE: 18
PLACE OF BIRTH: Dumpao,Iguig,Cagayan
ADDRESS: Santiago, Iguig, Cagayan
CIVIL STATUS: Single
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino
RELIGION: Roman Catholic
PARENTS: Roger M.Rumusud
Manolita N. Rumusud
SISTERS: Mae Ann N. Rumusud
Mary Rose Rumusud
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
ELEMENTARY: Dumapo Elementary School
SECONDARY (JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL): Vicente D. Trinidad High school
61
CURICCULUM VITAE
NAME: Rodel R. Bassig
DATE OF BIRTH: June 13, 1999
AGE: 19
PLACE OF BIRTH: San Margarita, Baggao, Cagayan
ADDRESS: San Lorenzo, Iguig, Cagayan
PARENTS: Renato B. Bassig
Villalin R. Bassig
SISTERS: Reynalyn R. Bassig
Ronalyn R. Bassig
BROTHERS: Rico R. Bassig
ELEMENTARY: Santa Margarita Elementary School
SECONDARY (JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL): Vicente D. Trinidad High School
62
CURICCULUM VITAE
NAME: Jaymark P. Malana
DATE OF BIRTH: March 20, 1999
AGE: 19
PLACE OF BIRTH: Malabbbac, Iguig, Cagayan
ADDRESS: Malabbac, Iguig, Cagayan
RELIGION: Born Again Christian
PARENTS: Amiel T. Malana
Elvie P. Malana
SISTERS: Evangelyn P. Malana
ELEMENTARY : Malabbac Elementary School
63
CURICCULUM VITAE
NAME: Rhea Jane V. Centeno
DATE OF BIRTH: January 14, 2000
AGE: 19
PLACE OF BIRTH: San Esteban, Iguig, Cagayan
ADDRESS: San Esteban, Iguig, Cagayan
PARENTS: Orlando V. Centeno
Julita V. Centeno
SISTERS: Reynalyn V. Centeno
BROTHERS: Rowell V, Centeno
ELEMENTARY: San Esteban Elementary School
64

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VICENTE D.

TRINIDAD HIGH SCHOOL

THE PROBLEM AND THE REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

Dr. Jose P. Rizal once said, “The youth is the hope of

in taking up this challenge. The Philippines today is

afflicted with various social cancers – poverty, starvation,

crime, corruption, and discrimination and all would agree that

there would be no one else that could solve these problems

other than the youth. It is emphasized that respect and high

hopes for the youth remain.

Our future sprawl is in the hands of the youth this

message is timeless and will continue to reverberate. But how

can the youth address these social difficulties considering

that the very organization that represents them becomes a

training ground not for future world changers but breakers of

the high hope. Youth concerns matter to everyone. Thus,

empowering the youth to have a great leadership is very

essential and valuable because our next generations was

In 1975, our late President Ferdinand Marcos has

established the Kabataang Barangay to give the youth a chance

to be involved in community affairs and to provide the

government means to inform youth of the government's

development efforts. But today this Kabataang Barangay was

being changed and renamed as Sangguniang Kabataan.

According to the United Nations Educational Scientific

and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO), “youth” is best

understood as a period of conversion from the dependence of

childhood to adulthood’s independence and mindfulness of our

interdependence as members of a community. It added that for

statistical consistency across regions, youth has been

demarcated as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24

years, without prejudice to other description by Member

States. All United Nation data on youth are based on this

depiction, as clarified by the annual yearbooks of statistics

published by the United Nations system on demography,

learning, employment and health.

The Philippines government supports and believes

in the capacity of the youth not just to lead but also to

future of the country. Under the Philippine Constitution, 1987

th patriotism and nationalism and encourage their involvement

in public and civic affairs. Moreover, the Katipunan ng

Kabataan is an assembly of youths in every Barangay

economic,cultural, intellectual, moral,spiritual and physical

development of the youth in the country. Under (Republic Act

as amended, otherwiseknown as the "Local Government Code of

shall be in every Barangay a Sangguniang Kabataan to be

composed of a chairman, seven members, a secretary and a

With this regard, the motive that drives the

researchers for conducting this study is to identify the

performance level of Sangguninag Kabataan of Barangay

Santiago, Iuguig, Cagayan. Wherein determining their

performance level can identify whether or not the SK Officials

is carrying out its powers and functions as provided by the

Local Government Code and other pertinent laws and to see to

it if they are performing what they are expected to do. Hence,

our youth leaders will know their level of performance

regarding their duties through youth’s evaluation and that of

the older members of the community and be made aware of it so

as to resolve the same for the benefit of the youth in the

Review of Related Literature

This section exhibits references which is essential to

this study. These materials are in the form of citations and

summaries of related literature and studies. They are very

helpful in the presentation of this study.