Fido Dio Aji Firmansyah

18320092

Discourse Analysis – A

Text D

1. What are the types of grammatical and lexical cohesion in text D above?
- Grammatical Cohesion
Anaphora
a) In lines 3 – 4 “First published in 1859, Darwin’s masterpiece rocked Victorian society
with its theory of natural selection” the ‘its’ is cohesive with the preceding ‘Darwin’s
masterpiece’.
b) In lines 6 “Yet Darwin was already formulating his controversial theoris” the ‘his’
refers back to Darwin.
c) In lines 11 “The library bought it”. The ‘it’ refers back to the ‘an immaculate first
edition copy’ of the previous sentence.
d) In lines 13 “Its in excellent condition. It looks like a new book”. The ‘its’ and ‘it’ link
back to ‘an immaculate first edition copy’.
e) In line 14 – 15 “the book is the only first edition in its original binding”. The “its” is
cohesive with the preceding ‘the book’.

Cataphora

a) In lines 17 – 18 “The library’s copy was a gift from Darwin’s great grandson, Quentin
Keynes, to his physician, Arthur James Lewis.” The ‘his’ links forward to Arthur
James Lewis
b) In lines 1 – 2 “It is a book that changed the world irrevocably – a rare first edition
copy of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species.” The ‘it’ link forward to ‘a rare
first edition copy of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species’.

Ellipsis
a) The first is in lines 16: ‘Just 1250 were printed’. The ‘1250’ is ellipsis, this is because
the readers might be understanding it as 1250 first edition copy that was originally
owned by the Darwin Family.
b) The second is in lines 22: ‘He was trying to pacify the fury … of those who accused
him”. The ‘…’ is a form of omission of words so it must be ellipsis.
- Lexical Cohesion
a) Repetition
1. It is a book that changed the world irrevocably.
2. ‘It is in excellent condition,’ Ms Sutton said.
3. ‘It looks like a new book, quite frankly.’
4. On Monday the State Library of NSW will unveil an immaculate first edition
copy that was originally owned by the Darwin Family.
5. Perhaps the most famous phrase associated with Darwin – ‘survival of the fittest’
– doesn’t even appear in the first edition.
b) General Words
The only example of general word is man. It determines the misconceptions of the
Darwin’s theory about man that rocked Victorian society in 1859.

Text E

1. Ambiguity
a. In the first number, the ambiguity is clearly at the end of the sentence of “….us at
night”. It gives the picture to the reader that the father milks both of them and it
makes no sense absolutely.
b. In my opinion, there is nothing ambiguity
c. In my thought, there is no ambiguity inside
d. In these sentences, ambiguity probably can be seen. It is because the word of “it”
has no clarity where it is referring to. It can be referring to the garbage or the
barrel. I think, it is better when the second sentence is erased because the second
sentence isn’t clear which can be used in the weekends
e. In this last number, in my opinion there is ambiguity in the second sentence
because it doesn’t has dependence to first sentence or third sentence
2. a. During the summer, my sister and I milked the cows, but now that school has
started, my father milks the cows in the morning, and give milk to us at night
b. –
c. –
d. Please place your garbage in this barrel
e. Recent visitors were Jonathan Goldings and their in-laws the Brett Packards, from
Lake Placid, NY. It was a pleasant surprise to have them for supper