MD.

ATIQUR RAHMAN
Id: 20183290317
Department: Civil Engineering
Subject: Building Engineering Construction

Homework
Q. 1. The looseness of soil and its influence on earth plan are described.
Answer : That is to say, the volume of soil in the natural state increases due to looseness after
excavation, and although it is backfilled and compacted later, it cannot be restored to its original
volume. The looseness of soil is expressed by the looseness coefficient KS .
Soil initial looseness coefficient. KS= V2 / V1
Soil final looseness coefficient. K，S= V3 / V1
V1-Volume of soil in its natural state
V2-Loose volume of soil after excavation
V3-The volume of soil after being backfilled and compacted
Q. 2. This paper describes the role of the slope of the soil wall, the method of its description, the
principle of retention and the factors that affect the slope
Answer: Reasonably selecting the section of foundation pits, trenches, roadbeds, dams and
leaving side slopes are effective measures to reduce the amount of earthwork. The
representation method of the slope is 1:m, that is

M=b/h
In the formula, m = b / h, called the slope coefficient. Its meaning is: when the height of the
slope is known as h, the width of the slope is equal to mh
Q. 3. Determine what factors should be taken into account when designing the site to raise H0
Answer: H0 determination principle
1. Meet the requirements of production process and transportation
2. Make full use of the topography, zoning or step-by-step layout, and determine different
design elevations respectively
3. Considering the balance of excavation and filling, the minimum amount of earthwork for
spoil transportation or borrowing and backfilling
4. It must have a reasonable slope (≧2‰) to meet the drainage requirements
5. Consider the impact of the highest flood level
Q.4. The steps and methods of determining H0 according to the principle of digging and filling
balance are described
Answer: If there are no special requirements for the design elevation of the site, H0 can be
determined according to the principle of the balance of the amount of excavation and filling, and
the steps are as follows
1. Divide the grid
 The side length a of the square grid can be 10 ～50m, 20m and 40m are commonly
used
2. Determine the elevation of the corner points of the grid
 Level measurement
 Use the elevation of two adjacent contour lines on the topographic map to obtain by
interpolation
3. Determine the design elevation according to the balance of cut and fill
 According to the calculation times (weights) of the corner points of each square, that
is, the corner points of the square are shared by several squares, the practical
formula to determine the design elevation H0 is

n-Number of grids
H1-The only corner coordinates of a square
H2-The only corner coordinates of a square
H3-The corner coordinates shared by the three squares
H4-The corner coordinates shared by the four squares
Q.5. Why should I make adjustments to the site design height H0? How to adjust
Answer: Adjustment of site design elevation H0
The H0 obtained by the above steps is only a theoretical value, and the following factors should
also be considered for adjustment to obtain H,0
1. Influence of soil looseness-fill volume increase due to soil looseness
2. The impact of excavation and filling in the site-from an economic point of view, the
excavation and filling volume changes caused by the arrangement of nearby excavation
and waste soil and the nearby and out-of-site soil
Q. 6. How to calculate the amount of earth in the groove and pit
Answer: At the beginning of the construction of any buildings or structures necessary
excavation, size and depth of which depend on the object under construction. the Need and
necessity of the pit can be determined by the purpose and type and future buildings.
Construction of the zero cycle begins with the excavation:

 The digging of pits and trenches for foundations, breakdown

 Laying of pipelines and network cables
 Ground transportation; loading;
 Unloading
  Backfill
 Unit of the mound with his seal.
In the implementation of earthworks are the types of machines: drilling and auxiliary,
earthmovers, excavators.
Q. 7. What principles should be followed for earthmover, how to divide the deployment area,
and how to determine the average distance
Answer: The figure below is a rectangular square, with the numbers in the small squares in the
figures for the earthmed amount of each deployment area and the numbers on the arrow bar as

the average distance between the provisioning areas. Try the optimal scheme of earthmover
deployment.
Q. 8. This paper describes the steps and methods of determining the optimal leveling scheme of
earthmover by using the “working method on the table”
Answer: Step 2: Repeat step 1, calculate X22, X11, X31 (C22→C11→C31) in order from small
to large, and we get the initial scheme of earthmover.

Fill Excavation T1 T2 T3 Excavation

area area volume
W1 500 50 x 70 x 100 500
C,11 C,12 C,13
W2 x 70 500 40 x 90 500
C,21 C,22 C,23
W3 300 60 100 110 100 70 500
C,31 C,32 C,33
W4 x 80 x 100 400 40 400
C,41 C,42 C,43
Fill volume 800 600 500 1900