Assignment 5 – Mass Transfer Operations

Multistage Distillation -
Multicomponent

Made by:
Paulina Meiliani
1406547111

Chemical Engineering
International Program
University of Indonesia
2014
 ASSIGNMENT 5
1. Calculate the number of tray needed for your mixtures in the previous
assignment using FUG and Hysys.
100 mol/h mixture of 33 mole % benzene, 37 mole % toluene, and 30 mole %
styrene is to be distilled to give a distillate product with 0.01 mole fraction
toluene and a bottom product with 0.01 mole fraction benzene. The feed is liquid
at the boiling point. The column will operate at 1.2 atm pressure and 105 oC with
60 percent vaporized feed. Calculate the number of tray needed if the reflux
ratio is twice of minimum reflux ratio.

Answer
1) Determining the key component
Light key (LK) = benzene
Heavy key (HK) = toluene
2) Determining the composition on distillate and residue
Total mass balance :
F=D+ B=100 mole /h
Benzene mass balance :

F x F =D x D + B x B100 ×0.33=0.99 D+ ( 100−D ) ( 0.01 )33=0.99 D+1−0.01 D32=0.98 D

mol
D=32.65 B=100−D=67.35 mol /h
h

mole mole
xD =0.99x D =0.01x D =0 D benzene =D x D =32.65 × 0.99=32.32
benzene toluene styrene benzene
h h

mole mole mole mole

D toluene =D x D =32.65 ×0.01=0.33 D styrene =D x D =32.65 ×0=0
toluene
h h styrene
h h

mole mole
xB =0.01 Bbenzene=B x B =67.35 × 0.01=0.68
benzene benzene
h h

mole mole Btoluene

Bstyrene =30 Btoluene =B−Bbenzene−B styrene =36.67 x = =0.544
h h B toluene
B

Bstyrene
xB = =0.446
styrene
B
 Feed Distillate Bottom
Component
(mole) Mole x Mole x
LK Benzene 33 32.32 0.99 0.68 0.01
HK Toluene 37 0.33 0.01 36.67 0.544
 HN
Styrene 30 0 0 30 0.446
K
    100 32.65   67.35  

3) Determining K value of each component at 105 oC and 1.2 atm

At 105 oC and 1.2 atm,
Component  Psat (mmHg) K = Psat/P
Benzene 1543.229 1.692137
Toluene 645.9341 0.708261
Styrene 228.9729 0.251067

4) Determining the value of ά LK , HK

αF LK , HK
is evaluated at the distillation column temperature at 105 oC
αF LK , HK
=¿ 2.389143
αD LK ,HK
is evaluated at distillate temperature, which is at the boiling point of upper product.
Temperature of distillation is obtained using iteration = 86.34241 oC
Component  Psat K X Y
Benzene 917.5248 1.00605785 0.99 0.995997
Toluene 360.8656 0.39568602 0.01 0.003957
Styrene 117.4333 0.12876456 0 0
Σ 0.999961

The value of α D =¿ 2.542566

LK ,HK

α B is evaluated at residue temperature which is a boiling point of bottom product

LK ,HK

Residue temperature is obtained using iteration = 128.3018573 oC

Componen
Psat K X Y
t
2732.46416
Benzene 0.01
5 2.996123 0.029961
1224.25118
Toluene 0.544
9 1.342381 0.730255
475.299332
Styrene 0.46
3 0.521162 0.239734
Σ 0.999951

The value of α B LK ,HK

=¿ 2.549713
ά LK , HK = √3 α D LK , HK
αF LK ,HK
αB LK ,HK

3
ά LK , HK = √ 2.542566 ×2.389143 × 2.549713=2.493

5) Determining the minimum number of tray (using Fenske equation)

ln [ ( x Di / x Bi ) / ( x Dj / x Bj ) ]
N min = −1
ln ά ij
ln [ ( 0,99/0,01 ) / ( 0.01/0.544 ) ]
N min = −1=9.405
ln 2.493
6) Checking assumption that there is no styrene at distillate
αF HK ,HNK
is evaluated at distillation temperature (105 oC)
αF HK ,HNK
=¿2.821007
αD HK ,HNK
is evaluated at distillate temperature, which is the boiling point of upper product. Using
iteration, it is obtained = 86.34241oC
Component  Psat K X Y
Benzene 917.5248 1.00605785 0.99 0.995997
Toluene 360.8656 0.39568602 0.01 0.003957
Styrene 117.4333 0.12876456 0 0
Σ 0.999961

Nilai α D =¿3.072942
HK ,HNK

αB is evaluated at residue temperature, which is the boiling point of bottom product.

HK ,HNK

Using iteration, it is gotten = 128.3018573 oC

Componen
Psat K X Y
t
2732.46416
Benzene 0.01
5 2.996123 0.029961
1224.25118
Toluene 0.544
9 1.342381 0.730255
475.299332
Styrene 0.46
3 0.521162 0.239734
Σ 0.999951

Nilai α B HK ,HNK
=2.575748

ά LK , HK = √3 α D LK , HK
αF LK ,HK
αB LK ,HK

3
ά LK , HK = √ 3.072942 ×2.821007 ×2.575748=2.8159
 ln [ ( x Di / x Bi ) / ( x Dj / x Bj ) ]
N min = −1
ln ά ij

ln [ ( 0.01/ 0.544 ) / ( x D /0.466 ) ]

N min + 1=
n−octane
=10.405 x D =1.797 × 10−7
ln 2.8159
n−octane

Since the value of x D n−octane

is too small, so it can be negligible. Hence, the assumption is right.

7) Finding the value of minimum reflux ratio

Finding the value of minimum reflux ratio can be done by using Underwood equation.
Feed is liquid at its boiling point so q = 1
The value of α is evaluated at the boiling point of mixture. The boiling point itself can be
found by doing iteration to boiling point so that the value of Σ y=1, and the boiling point
obtained is = 108.9987 oC.

 Componen
Psat K X Y
t
Benzene 1711.99257 1.877185 0.33 0.619471
Toluene 725.50449 0.795509 0.37 0.294338
Styrene 261.52532 0.28676 0.3 0.086028
Σ 0.999838

At T = 108.9987 oC,
Componen
P sat K αi
t
LK Benzene 1711.99257 1.877185 2.359727
HK Toluene 725.50449 0.795509 1
styrene 261.52532 0.28676 0.360474

Using Underwood’s equation :

α i x Fi
1−q=Σ =Σ f i Σ f i=1−q=1−1=0
α i−ϕ
α i x Fi
The value ϕis iterated so that the value of Σ =0, dan diperoleh nilai ϕ=¿1.47351081
α i−ϕ

Componen α i x Fi
αi x Fi
t α i −ϕ
LK Benzene 2.359727 0.33 0.878691
HK Toluene 1 0.37 -0.7814
 Styrene 0.360474 0.3 -0.09716
α i x Fi
Σ =¿ 0.000134
α i−ϕ

The value of ϕ=¿1.47351081 then is used at:

V min α x
=R Dm +1=Σ i Di
D α i−ϕ

Componen α i x Di
αi x Di
t α i −ϕ
LK Benzene 2.359727 0.99 2.636072
HK Toluene 1 0.01 -0.02112
Styrene 0.360474 0 0
α i x Di
Σ =¿ 2.614953
α i−ϕ

α i x Di
R Dm+ 1=Σ =¿2.615
α i−ϕ
R Dm=2.615−1=1.615

8) Calculating the number of ideal plates using Gilliland correction

R D=2 × R Dm=2×1.615=3.23
R D −R Dm 3.23−1.615
= =0.382
RD + 1 3.23+ 1
 N −N min
From the graph of Gilliland correction, it is gotten =0.3135 pada saat
N +1

R D −R Dm
=0.382
RD + 1
N −N min 10.405+0.3135
=0.3135 N−10.405=0.3135 N +0.3135 N= =15.613 stages
N +1 1−0.3135

Using Software (UNISIM)