REPORT OF PLANT MORPHOLOGY PRACTICUM

CHARACTERISTICS OF ROOT MORPHOLOGY

LECTUTER:

Dra. Cicik Suriani, M.Si.

ARRANGED BY:
Name: Asnawi Saragih
Number ID Student : 4203141011
Group : III (three)
Practicum date : 16 February 2021

MEDAN STATE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCE
2021
a. TITLE : CHARACTERISTICS OF ROOT MORPHOLOGY

b. PURPOSES
a. Observing the root morphological characteristics of the Spermatophyta plant
b. Inventory the types of taproots and fiber roots.

c. TOOLS AND MATERIALS

a. Magnifying glass, pencil, measuring instrument
b. Monocot plant roots
c. Carrot root (Daucus carota)
d. Jicama root (Phachyrrhizus erosus)
e. Papaya root (Carica papaya)
f. Cassava root (Manihot utilisima)
g. Orchid Root (Orchidaceae)
h. Betel root (Piper betle)
i. Pandan root (Pandanus tectorius)
j. Rice root (Orya sativa)

d. WORKING PROCEDURES

a. Observe the characteristics of the roots, types of taproots and fibers in the
Spermatophyta in all specimens.
b. Inventory of the types of taproots and fiber roots observed from the specimens into
the available table.
c. Inventory of root types that have special characteristics and duties from the
specimen observation in the available table.
d. Discuss the results of observations about the characteristics and types of roots
observed and whether there are roots that have a special function / task among the
existing specimens (group discussion).
e. Note the morphological characteristics of plant roots in the form of a concept map.
f. Communicate observations.
g. Make Conclusions.
h. Attachment.
 e. LKM REPORT

1. Observation data

No Species Root general Root Type Description

characteristics Tap Fibers
1. Daucus carota • Tap root and over  1) Tap root (radix primer)
Carrot time will turn into 2). Root root (collu
Wortel tubers as food radies)
reserves. 3). Root stem (carpus
• Roots are round and radicalis)
elongated depending 4). Branch (root lareralis)
on the variety. 5) Root fibers (fibrilla
radicalis)
6) .The tip of the root
(apex radicalis)
7). Root hood (caliptra)

2. Phachyrrhizus erosus • Forming a round or  1. Root base (kollum)

Juicy tuber round root tuber 2. Root stem (corpus
Bangkuang (cormus) like a top radikis)
with a weight of up 3. Root hair (pilus
to 5kg. The skin of radikalis)
the tubers is thin pale 4. Root tip (apex radikis)
yellow and the inside 5. Root hood (kaliptra)
is white with a
slightly sweet fresh
liquid.
• The roots of the plant
include single-rooted
 and tuberous, whitish
to brownish in color,
reaching a depth of
10-20 cm or more.
3. Carica papaya • Is a taproot (radix  1). Root root (collu
Papaya primaria)
Pepaya • Roots are round.
• Yellowish white root
color.
4. Manihot utilisima • Yellowish white  1. Root base (kollum)
Cassava roots, root length of
Ubi kayu 30 cm, root hair
length of 50 cm
including dicot plants
• Bulging roots contain
food reserves or
called root tubers,
namely modification
of the roots.
radies)
2). Root stem (carpus
radicalis)
3). Root branches (root
lareralis)
4). Root hair (radix pili)
5). The tip of the root
(apex radicalis)
2. Root stem (corpus
radikis)
3. Root branches (radiks
lateralis)
4. Root hair (pilus
radikalis)
5. Root tip (apex radikis)
6. Root hood (kaliptra)
5. Orchidacea • It has roots in the  1. Root base (kollum)
Ochid form of fibrous roots 2. Root tip (apex radikis)
Anggrek and does not 3. Root hood (kaliptra)
penetrate too deeply
into the growth
medium.
• Roots are cylindrical,
soft, and break easily.
• The ends are pointed,
slippery, and slightly
sticky.
• The color is silvery
white, the tips appear
green or purplish,
and when they are
dark brown and dry.
• Taproot which is
round in shape and
yellowish brown,
greenish brown there
is also purplish
green.
• Round, segmented,
and large.
• These roots have a
length of 30-60 cm or
more, are brownish
in color and can also
reach a soil depth of
30 cm.
6. Piper betle • Root root which is  1. Root base (kollum)
Betel round and yellowish 2. Root branches (radiks
Sirih brown in color, lateralis)
greenish brown there 3. Root tip (apex radikis)
is also purplish
green.
• Round and
segmented.

7. Pandanus tectorius • Pandan roots are  1. Root base (kollum)

Pandanus large and have 2. Root tip (apex radikis)
Pandan supporting roots that 3. Root hood (kaliptra)
support this plant.
• These roots have a
length of 30-60 cm or
more, are brownish
in color and can also
reach a soil depth of
30 cm.
8. (Orya sativa) • Rice has a fibrous 1). Root fibers (radix
Rice plant root system. adventitica)
Padi • The filamentous 2). Root branches (radix
roots spread from the lateralis)
base of the rice stalk 3) Root fibers (fibrilla
into the soil. radicalis)
• yellowish white
roots.

2. Types of taproots and types of fiber roots found from the specimens observed!
i. Types of taproots, namely spear roots and top roots
ii. Types of fiber roots, namely pelakat roots, supporting roots, and aerial
roots.
3. Root types that have special characteristics and duties are found from the specimens
observed (if any).
i. Roots as tubers (root tubers) are the roots of cassava, carrots and
bangkuang plants. Root tubers are tubers that are formed and derived
from the modification of enlarged roots so that they contain food
reserves.
ii. Sticky roots, namely the roots of the betel plant. The sticky roots are
found in plants that grow climbing which function to attach stems to
walls and other plants.
iii. Supporting roots, in pandanus plants. These roots are root branches that
grow straight up from the ground which has many gaps that are used for
breathing. In addition, the supporting roots help support the weight of
the tree.
 4. Root morphological notes in the form of concept maps.

ROOT (radix)

Root (radix) is the main part of the plant which has vessels beside the stem which
grows towards the center of the earth.

Root structures Root parts Root forms Root systems Root special properties

Epiderm Root neck (collum Spear form Tap root (radix Aerial roots (radix
radicis) (fusiformis) primaria) aereus)

Cortex Sticky root (radix

Root tip (radix Yarn form Fibers root (radix
adligans)
lateralis) (filiformis) adventicia)
Endoderm Suction root
Root fibers (radix Top form (haustorium)
Stele fibrilla) (napiformis)
Top root
(napiformis)
Root hair (pilus Branch off form
radicalis) (ramosa)
Spear root
(fusiformis)
Root hood
(calyptra) Tire roots
(Buttress roots)
Root shank
(coleorrhiza) Supporting roots

Choke root

Knee root

Peg root

Pole root
 5. Make the conclussion

Root (radix) is the main part of the plant which has vessels beside the stem which
grows towards the center of the earth. Roots are part of plants that are needed, especially for
cooking food taken from the ground, apart from being a food taker, roots also have another
role, namely as a support for the establishment of plants. The root is used as a means of
breathing which is called the root of breath. Structure of roots consists of epiderm,
cortex,endoderm and stele. There are five root parts namely root neck (collum radici), root tip
(radix lateralis), root fibers (radix fibrilla), root hair (pilus radicalis), root hood (calyptra) and
root shank (coleorrhiza). Root forms consist of spear form (fusiformis), yarn form
(filiformis),top form (napiformis),and branch off form (ramosa) . Root system consist of two
namely tap root (radix primaria) and fibers root (radix adventicia. There are some root special
properties namely aerial roots (radix aereus), sticky root (radix adligans), suction root
(haustorium),top root (napiformis), spear root (fusiformis), tire roots (Buttress roots),
supporting roots, choke root, knee root , peg root, and pole root.

6. Attachment

Oryza sativa pandanus tectorius Daucus carota

Manihot utilisima Phachyrrhizus erosus piper betle

Carica papaya Orchidacea