Name: Nagum, Carl Joseph, B.

Date: April 8, 2021

Course/Section: EE 026-EE32S1 Quiz 4 Instructor: Engr. Roulluqui

Identify a community-based problem which can be solved through your line of specialization (Electrical Engineering). To
understand the problem well enough, you have to identify the data that you need.

Power quality issues are a growing concern in our country because of the economic value. Studies are proving that more power
quality issues presented in an electrical system result in a higher cost when it comes to electrical bills and maintenance. One of the most
common power quality issues is the voltage sags. A voltage sag is defined as the decrease of RMS voltage between 10% and 90% for
a duration from 0.5 cycle to 1 minute. It is stated that the main source of voltage sags is the large increase in load demand which means
the voltage to decreases. This phenomenon can be resolve through tap changing of transformer.

1.) What are the variables identified and explain their relationship?

In the scenario, the independent variable will be the transformer and the voltage will be the dependent variable. The tap changing
of the transformer is the independent variable because it is the one being manipulated to control the behavior of the voltage. On the other
hand, the voltage becomes the dependent variable because it is where the reaction happens after the independent variable is
manipulated.

2.) Give the relationships of the variables and explain their relationship.

The relationship between the independent and dependent variable in the problem shows that tap changing of the transformer
can mitigate the occurrence of voltage sag when the load demand increases, which causes the voltage to decrease. When the voltage
decreases, it means that the normal voltage in the system is not met at some point, resulting in failure of operation of some equipment
and, in the worst-case scenario, some can be damaged.

3.) Identify the assumption that you made from the relationships of the variables.

Tap changing of transformers can mitigate the occurrence of voltage sags caused by increase in load demand. This process
can increase the efficiency and reliability of power quality. It is an appropriate move because it does not require an additional cost as
long as the transformer can meet the load demand.

4.) Construct a research paradigm.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Occurrences of voltage sags in

electrical system affects the The decrease in voltage is
Tap changing of transformer
economic value of power brought back to normal level.
quality.