Synchronous Motor

PK/AP/EEE/KEC
 Synchronous Motor

Constant speed motor

Due to the development of semiconductor
variable frequency sources
Such as inverter and cycloconverter
Used in variable speed applications
 Synchronous Motor
Application:
High power and high speed
compressors
Blowers
Induced and forced draft fans
Main line traction
Servo drive etc..
 Synchronous Motor
Commonly used Synchronous Motors are
 Wound field synchronous motor
 Permanent magnet synchronous
motor
 Synchronous reluctance motor
 Hysteresis synchronous motor
 Synchronous Motor
Stator connected with a 3 phase winding
Synchronous reluctance and hysteresis
motors employ a 1 phase stator
Operated with fixed frequency
Provided with damper winding similar to
squirrel cage winding of IM
Start the machines as IM and damp the
hunting oscillation
 Synchronous Motor
Operated with variable frequency
Capable of smooth frequency variation
from zero to maximum, damper winding
not required for starting
Wound field synchronous motor
• Stator with a 3 phase winding
• Rotor has a dc field winding, supplied from a dc
source through slip ring and brushes
• Designed for a high power rating than IM
• Control PF and operating at unity PF
Salient pole
Higher mechanical strength
Employed for high power and speed application
low cost motor
 Permanent magnet
synchronous motor
• These motors are used in medium and low
power applications like robots and machine
tools.
• DC field produced by permanent magnet, free
from dc sources, slip ring brushes, field losses
• Ferrite magnet are used
• Low losses and high efficiency
• Power factor can not controlled because of the
filed excitation can not varied
• Designed to operate at unity power factor at all
load
 Permanent magnet
synchronous motor
• Suitable for servo drives fastest response
• Preferred for industrial application with large
duty cycles such as pumps, fans and
compressors
• The main disadvantage : Inability to adjust the
field current.
• Expensive compared to IM
• But they are high efficiency, high power factor
and low sensitive to supply voltage variation
 Permanent magnet
synchronous motor
Classification:
1.Surface mounted
a. Projecting type – magnet project from the surface of the
rotor
b. Inset type – magnet are insert into the rotor – providing
smooth rotor surface
 Easy to construct and less expensive and less robust
compare to interior type

2.Interior or buried
 Magnets are fixed in the interior of the rotor
 Variable Frequency Control
• We know that, the synchronous speed is
given by,
• Ns=120f/p
• From the above equation, it is clear that
the speed of a synchronous motor can be
controlled by varying the frequency of the
supply.
 Variable Frequency Control
• As in the case of induction motors, the
stator flux is maintained constant by
keeping the (v/f) ratio constant in this
motor also.
• Constant (v/f) ratio for constant flux
operation and below base speed
• For high speed, machine is expected to
operate at a rated terminal voltage and
variable frequency
 Variable Frequency Control

1.True synchronous mode (or) separate

controlled mode.
2.Self synchronous mode (or) self controlled
mode.
True synchronous mode (or) separate
controlled mode.
Self synchronous mode (or) self
controlled mode
Self synchronous mode (or) self
controlled mode