Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Arup Journal 1 2015
Arup Journal 1 2015
Issue 1 2015
Introduction
The Regional Rail Link (RRL) in Existing stations To Bendigo,
To Upfield
Sunbury,
Melbourne is one of the largest public Existing rail network Sydenham To Craigieburn
transport projects ever undertaken in Regional Rail Link new tracks
Australia. It has transformed the rail Existing tracks
To Ballarat,
Footscray
Melton
network and created capacity for an extra New stations Tottenham South Kensington
23 metropolitan and 10 regional services Station rebuild
Deer Park Ardeer
during each morning and evening peak. Station upgrades
Sunshine
Middle Footscray
Major station upgrades
Appointed as the client’s technical advisor in West Footscray
North Melbourne
a joint venture with KBR, called KAJV, Southern Cross
Arup played a pivotal role in providing
Tarneit
technical services from concept design
through to construction and operation.
This article looks at what RRL means for
Melbourne and the challenges of building it, Wyndham
V Vale
focusing on what KAJV did to ensure
successful delivery. P O R T P H I L L I P B AY
Track design
Creating free flowing regional and suburban
services into and out of Southern Cross
Station meant removing several bottlenecks
on the network to enable regional trains to
3. travel at speeds of up to 160km, with a
theoretical headway of only two minutes
during peak times. As a result, alignment of
the tracks was set out to minimise conflict
between the regional, suburban and freight
services. Three new rail-over-rail grade
separations were required and one was to be
fully refurbished.
5. Static envelope Kinematic envelope for Maximum kinematic envelope for all
tangent track only cant and track curvature effects
Newells Paddock
Urban Nature Reserve
Footscray
Station
New West Footscray Josephs Road Viaduct
eet Precinct
Station (relocated) Whitten Str
d
g Ho Rail/rail flyover
a
Irvin pk Melbourne
Ro
Oval ins
Middle
on
Str
ee
gt
Footscray t
sin
Sunshine Station
n
Bun
Ke
bur
Sunshin yS
e Road tree
t Tu
nne
l RRL lines (B.G)
6. Buckley Street
ad
Nicholson Street
Bridge lengthening
Victoria Street
Albert Street
Maribyrnong New bridge
River Corridor widening
Footscray Activity
New Precinct number
West Footscray
Station
(relocated) Geelong Middle
Road Footscray
Station Footscray
Station
Maribyrnong
River
Quaternary basalt
~3300m
7.
6. Track alignment through
Footscray navigated constraints
including seven road-rail and
rail-rail grade separations and
three stations.
7. West Werribee Junction where
the new tracks join the existing
Geelong line.
8. Yellow girders for Dudley
Street Rail Bridge came to
symbolise the start of the project.
12.
Strategic framework and travel KAJV used this information to inform The study identified improvements
demand forecasting capacity requirements for pedestrians at required for this to happen including:
During the initial stages of project stations, demand for car parking, and traffic
• Changes to key stations to allow safe
development and concept design, KAJV capacity requirements at intersections and
boarding and alighting
established a strategic framework identifying level crossings.
key transport considerations along the length • Transport interchange infrastructure
of the rail corridor. An important component Travel demand forecasting was required modifications and additions.
was the development of travel demand supplemented by further studies, as well as
• Number of buses needed to transport
forecasts using the Department of discussions with RRLA and key
passengers between Albion and
Transport’s ‘Melbourne Integrated Transport stakeholders, to identify bus stops required
Flemington Station
Model’ (MITM). for stations along the corridor, short and long
term parking needs and the design of a 26km • The impacts of running a large number
Working with RRLA and the Department of shared path cycling route from Werribee to of buses along the road network.
Transport, KAJV refined and enhanced Deer Park.
MITM to better represent travel demand The findings were used to inform
associated with current regional train Level crossing traffic performance construction of a temporary bridge and
services and the specification of future assessment transport interchange at Albion Station
transport networks (e.g. planned road and Safe and efficient operation of road crossings (Fig 14) and a transport interchange at
rail projects), as well as testing potential of the rail corridor was fundamental to the Flemington Station, as well as providing key
future train operational scenarios for both concept design. KAJV carried out a series of information to plan the bussing operation.
RRL and metropolitan services. studies to understand traffic performance at Successfully implemented on a number of
the five level crossings between Sunshine occasions, the bussing operation was vital in
This analysis provided patronage forecasts and Deer Park and developed micro- facilitating construction of the project and,
for the proposed RRL and metropolitan simulation traffic models to represent despite some inconvenience for users
services and associated road traffic demands. anticipated level crossing operation after overall, it generated very little negative
RRL was opened. feedback.
Footscray Station
The main challenges involved replacing the
existing car park and forecourt area with an
additional two platforms, lengthening the
existing concourse, and redesigning the
station frontage. Platforms had to be
lengthened from 160m to 250m to allow for
longer trains.
Sunshine Station
The concept design explored options for Wyndham Vale and Tarneit Stations 15. Aerial shot of the new Tarneit
removing the notoriously uninviting Reflecting the government’s desire to station with car parks for
commuters from the large
underpass access to the platforms, replacing provide essential public transport catchment area.
it with a new high-quality concourse. Similar infrastructure in the growth areas to the 16. Tarneit Station: KAJV
to Footscray, the station facilities included west of the city, the project included two concept design.
essential ‘premium station’ elements such as new stations at Wyndham Vale and Tarneit. 17. Tarneit Station: on completion.
new ramps, lifts, kiosks, waiting rooms, Built entirely on greenfield sites, these
staffing quarters, ticket office and locked stations did not have the same demanding
bicycle facilities. The other main feature of physical constraints as stations located in the
the concept was the redesign of the existing brownfield environments (Fig15).
bus interchange that adjoins the station and
is a major transport hub that services up to The concept designs for both new stations
12 different bus routes. The station featured large car parks designed to
redevelopment allowed KAJV to investigate accommodate the large projected commuter
different bus bay configurations and various catchment in these areas. At Wyndham Vale
layouts were proposed that improved the station was built into an extensive cutting
efficiency of movement and enhanced safety due to topography and to amenity. In both
for pedestrians within the area. cases, the design ultimately built remained
highly consistent with the design set out in
All stations were designed for the Level 4 the concept phase (Figs 16–17).
Green Star rating which is regarded as
industry best practice. Station sustainability
features included rain water storage tanks,
solar panels and water sensitive urban
design.
Authors Martin Beeton, Kelvin Bong, Mark Bridger, Tim Bryant, James Selth, Alex Shah, David Shrimpton, Charles
Jonathon Parker is a Senior Engineer. Initially Design Kym Burgemeister, Jeff Burleigh, Paul Carter, Nigel Shum, Daniel Simmonds, Greg Simpson, Colin Sloan,
Manager, later seconded to RRLA as Technical Advisor Casey, Argoon Chuang, Daniella Ciavarella, Diana Trent Smith, Julia Smithard, Charles Spiteri,
during the delivery phase. Coelho, Liam Cole, Sinead Collins, Matthew Collits, Jayanthiraj Steven, Nathan Stevens, Alex Stewart,
Rachel Nicholls is Principal. Geotechnical Team Leader Stacy Conroy, Joseph Correnza, Bob Couzin Wood, Jess Suett, Anna Thiele, Przemyslaw Tomczyk, Tony
initially, later assumed role of Project Director. James Crocaris, Steve Dalton, Simon de Lisle, Clive Vidago, Philippe Vienot, Rob Warner, Jen Watson
Domone, Barry Drew, Peter Duggan, Trevor Duncan, Stewart Bird, John Wheadon, Leigh Williams, Ashley
Sinead Collins is a Senior Engineer. Bridge designer, in Jaime Ericksen, Peter Fanous, David Farrell, Adrian Willis, Jonathan Wright, David Young, Sarah Zhang.
particular responsible for Dudley Street Bridge. Fazio, Jared Fetherston, Vincent Fok, Ken Fong, Marco Joint Venture partner: KBR
Rob Turk is an Associate and Sustainability Manager. Furlan, Matt Gardiner, Andy Gardner, Hugh Gardner,
Paul Carter is a Senior Engineer, Transport Planning Will Gouthro, Chris Graham, Phillip Greenup, Image credits
and Technical Leader. Jonathan Griffin, David Hanson, Chris Harrison, Chris 1 The State of Victoria, Department of Transport,
Harvey, Gerard Healey, Andrew Herriman, Duncan Planning and Local Infrastructure; 2,5,6,8,10,11,14,18
Kym Burgemeister is an Associate Principal and Hollis, Martin Holt, Greg Hopkins, Min Huang, Peter KAJV; 3,4,7,9,12,13,17,19 Regional Rail Link Media
Acoustics Team Leader. Hurlstone, Karim Issa, Perry Jackson, Matt James, Library; 16 Cox Architects.
Peter Johnson, Bruce Johnson, Jess Johnson, Callan
Project credits Jones, Nick Joveski, Nerissa Kamat, George
Client: Regional Rail Link Authority (RRLA) Civil, Kazantzidis, Robin King, Russell Kolmagorov, Stefan
civil structural, building structural, transport modelling Konstantinidis, Hannes Lagger, Andy Lewis, Jenny Lo,
and planning, GIS, noise and vibration, track, Chris Lyons, Robert Macri, Michele Mangione, John
signalling, security, tunnelling, geotechnical, project Mcgain, David Mchugh; Cameron Mcintosh, Sarah
management, architectural, landscape architecture, fire, Mcintosh, Mick Mcmanus, Joe Metcalfe, Brendan
building services, risk, sustainability, environmental, Molloy, Rachel Nicholls, Judy Nicholson Kelava,
hydrology, project office set-up management consulting Gareth O’halloran, James Oakley, Karen Oj, Jonathan
and economics: Arup – Prasad Adhava, Niruma Akhter, Osborne, Jin Pae, Gavin Palmer, Jonathon Parker, Joe
Sarah Alper, Elisa Anderson, Joseph Anderson, Justin Paveley, Jim Peacock, Kalyan Peddi, Lucy Pike, Derek
Arifin, Robert Armstrong, Shobha Baheti, Elmer Powell, Tim Procter, David Riley, Marius Roman,
Bandalan, Malcolm Barr, Paul Bartholomew, Hywel Rowlands, Stephanie Sarta, Helen Searle,
1.
3.
A decade of debate ensued until, in 2008, a Arup’s appointment was across a Kulturhus, the performing arts building,
decision was made: Bodø Kommune multidisciplinary portfolio comprising houses three venues and a full range of front-
announced an international design acoustic and venue consulting; mechanical, of-house and backstage facilities: Lille Sal is
competition for a waterside cultural quarter, electrical and structural engineering (to a 250-seat multi-purpose drama and recital
offering entrants the choice of either concept design); and fire planning (during hall; Sinus is a 400-seat jazz and rock club;
inner-city regeneration or consolidation. construction). The early days of the project and the undoubted centrepiece is Store Sal, a
Many entrants plumped for regeneration but were focused on an intense period of design 944-seat theatre and orchestral concert hall.
London-based DRDH took a very different development. Work on site started in 2011
approach, consolidating its design with the and was completed in November 2014. Designed to be a truly multi-functional
existing town centre and locating the library space, with no compromise in acoustic or
in a prime waterside position. The key elements of stormen operational standards for either theatrical or
Within Bibliotek, the dominant volume is the orchestral performances, Store Sal is the
Arup’s role reading room. This airy space houses an most complex of all the spaces within
DRDH turned to Arup, both for help in array of shelves and study areas. In summer, Stormen. The restrained, elegant architecture
developing their ideas to win the its floor-to-ceiling glazing offers visitors belies the deep collaboration required
competition, then later to construct Stormen. inspirational views and glorious midnight between DRDH Architects and Arup to
DRDH was attracted by Arup’s international sun. In winter, when daylight is at its make the space effective.
capability, proven skill in concert hall design scarcest, it provides a welcoming public
and expertise in spatial integration and gathering space against inclement weather.
transformation. There was also a good Bibliotek also houses a community studio
4. A bright and open stairwell
‘cultural fit’ – Arup’s unique structure – a space for small lectures and where local accesses library and study rooms.
accorded well with the DRDH ethos. aspiring artists can perform. Every detail is
5. Ballerinas from Bodø’s ballet
meticulously designed: the performance school performed The Nutcracker in
technology is carefully detailed to allow it to Store Sal, accompanied by the Arctic
be hidden or removed, so the space can be Philharmonic Orchestra.
used for art exhibitions (Fig 4). 6. A view of the town from
The Green Bar in Kulturhus.
Scope change identified, rapid and • Exposing absorption in the stage area
6. and flytower
significant redesign was required. A
traditional orchestra shell was neither • Deploying variable acoustic drapes at
The challenges practical – because space limitations technical balcony level
Stormen’s engineering challenges sprang precluded its storage – nor suitable because
partly from the technical and architectural it would fail to deliver sufficient acoustic • Deploying a system of bespoke tracked
aspirations of the design, partly from the performance. Electro-acoustic enhancement unity-absorbing sliding wall panels that
nature of its environment. fell short of the client’s aspirations so a cover more than a third of the auditorium
bespoke solution was required: the hall had side and rear wall areas.
Availability and cost of materials was an to be physically transformed:
issue. Bodø’s Arctic location meant that To prevent excessive low frequency
shipping a suitable quantity of structural • The ceiling of the auditorium needed to absorption, panel storage enclosures were
steel was prohibitively expensive, while a be raised to create sufficient volume to carefully designed and lab-tested to ensure
commercially-viable supply of ready-mixed achieve concert hall reverberance that in orchestral mode the absorptive panels
concrete was available only due to the themselves were effectively isolated from
• The stage flytower and wings had to the room. This was achieved by providing
concurrent construction of a major new be closed off with suitably massive
hospital in the city. Long periods of suitable mass and stiffness to the enclosures
reflective surfaces to create a concert hall and by ensuring that all gaps into the
sub-zero winter darkness added to the ‘shoe-box’ geometry
construction challenge. enclosures are sealed when the panels are
• A secondary suspended reflector array was retracted (Fig 12).
The team also had to take into account required over the orchestra platform to
control of aircraft noise – Bodø’s airport, achieve the early reflections necessary for
only 1.5km away from Stormen, is a major performers to communicate clearly
base for the Norwegian Air Force.
Acoustic isolation
To be acoustically effective, each
3
performance space must be free of noise 1 2 2 1
from building services, external sources
or other venues in the complex. As a
world-class concert hall Store Sal, must 6
7
achieve the particularly stringent background 4 5
Structure Sinus
Lille Sal Isolated
structure
The ambitious use of such a compact
building volume – with three independent Elastomeric
bearings
performance venues partially below ground
– created significant structural design 9.
challenges. Not only did the team need to
9. Section showing
solve the coordination challenges typical for isolated structures.
buildings of such technical complexity, but 10. Section detail showing
the vertical stacking of primary and applied loads.
acoustically-isolated structures meant 11. Structural model.
developing creative solutions for load paths
both during construction stages and in the
final configuration. Co
n m
sio pr
es es
pr sio
A particular challenge was the requirement Com n Applied loads
Changes in hall occupancy can lead to Ceiling and balcony soffit panels were
changes in reverberance due to differences in designed to scatter sound from the stage in
the absorption between occupied and order to prevent strong specular reflections
unoccupied seats. If not carefully managed, or image shifting, and to provide every seat
this phenomenon can give rise to an acoustic with early reflection energy with a range of
shift between an unoccupied orchestral 16.
time delays and from a range of locations.
rehearsal and a sold-out performance. An
acoustic that doesn’t change between these Using similar techniques, side balcony-
two states gives artistes confidence that what fronts were optimised both to maximise
they experience when they rehearse is what sound reflections from stage towards the
they will hear when they perform. audience on the first and second rear
balconies and to ensure even coverage with
no ‘hot spots’. The initial balcony-front
design was a vertical profile, the
optimisation routine changed the surface
calculating the optimum warp/twist to be
applied to the surface (Figs 15–17).
17.
The optimisation performed in Grasshopper
is based purely on ray-tracing to calculate
the specular reflections of incident sound 12. Stor Sal with auditorium
paths – but sound is not always specularly acoustic panels revealed.
reflected. Reaction to incidence on a surface 13. Sightline visualisation from
depends on a number of factors including the the balcony.
13.
surface finish, geometry and panel size. 14. Sightline visualisation from
So, in order to check the resultant acoustic the stalls.
parameters, the results from the geometric 15. Initial balcony-front
ray-tracing optimisation were also analysed reflection coverage.
with Odeon to take into account scattering 16. Optimised balcony-front
and diffraction (Fig 18 overleaf). To achieve warped/twisted profile.
the precision-engineered surfaces resulting 17. Optimised balcony-front
reflection coverage.
from the optimisation exercise, the ceiling
and balcony-fronts were constructed from
calcium sulphate panels. These were chosen
both for the high density of the material and
its ability to be accurately machined.
14.
T30 at 1kHz
Overhead ensemble reflectors are typically
> = 2.60 suspended above the orchestra, usually at
2.44
2.28
about 8m above the platform to provide a
2.12
reflecting surface. In Store Sal, they are
1.88 suspended through slots in the ceiling
1.72 panels. The array was adjusted in
1.56 collaboration with the orchestra to optimise
1.40
the sound on the platform and assist in
1.24
1.08
providing a beautiful string tone in the
18.
0.92 auditorium.
0.76
< = 0.64 Auditorium walls
To assist with room acoustic control,
bespoke tracked timber panels in the
auditorium walls reveal semi-rigid glass
wool panels behind acoustically transparent
fabric. These materials are used because
Rolling bridge in
their full bandwidth acoustic absorption
parked position properties are more tonally effective than
soft drapes or banners. Various areas of the
wall panels can be exposed to suit the
Limit of travel
performance and programme type.
19.
Lighting bridge
Staged performance work requires front-of-
house lighting. Luminaires require access for
rigging, focusing and maintenance but in
orchestral mode traditional theatre lighting
bridges at high level are acoustically
undesirable because they reduce the volume,
add to the absorption in the space and block
useful reflections from the ceiling. They
Orchestral reflector array The design of the reflector array is a obscure optimised ceiling finishes, also, and
Orchestral ensemble reflectors are essential complex matter. Five main design criteria can detract from the architectural concept.
platform elements in concert halls where the need to be addressed. These are:
platform-to-ceiling height is significant and To resolve this conundrum, Arup developed
the orchestra is large. Once the height of the • Number of reflector panels an innovative motorised moving bridge,
stage exceeds 12m and the width of the stage • Location of reflector panels relative to similar to an industrial gantry crane. This
is more than about 15m, the useful the platform spanning access walkway is designed to roll
reflections from the stage walls and ceiling from front to back of auditorium to enable
are reduced in power, affecting the ability • Size of each reflector panel rigging and focussing of lights hung on the
of players to hear themselves and other • Curvature of the reflector panels fixed overhead bars, access to strong points
sections of the orchestra. The suspended in the ceiling and provide lighting positions
reflector array provides those reflections, • Height of the reflector array over for theatre use (Fig 19).
assisting the musicians with their timing, the platform.
tuning and ensemble. The bridge is accessed by technical staff via
Two acoustic design elements are assessed. a number of safety interlocked gates, spaced
Ensemble reflectors also provide some high These are the ‘cut-off’ frequency, determined out along the galleries high above both sides
frequency early reflections to the audience, by the size of the panels and their height (the of the auditorium. The bridge is finished
especially from the string section. greater the cut-off frequency, the better) and with architectural panelling on the audience
the coverage of the reflected sound on the side and disappears when ‘parked’ above the
platform. proscenium for orchestral concerts, leaving
the ceiling completely unimpeded.
The back wall itself is timber clad to match References Structural Engineer (Detailed design and construction):
the side walls and ceiling panels, and is the (1) OLCAYTO, R. (2015) Building study: Norconsult AS, Bodø Services Engineer (Detailed
only fixed element on the platform. Although Stormen Concert Hall and Library, Bodø, Norway. design and construction): Norconsult AS, Bodø
Architects Journal. Acoustic Consultant (Local collaborator): Brekke
unintended during design, this surface has
Strand, Oslo Façade Engineer: Ramboll Façades Ltd,
also proved very effective for projection of Authors London Fire Consultant: Norconsult AS, Bodø
scenic video during concerts despite its James Beer is a Consultant with the Acoustics and Lighting Consultant: Norconsult AS, Oslo
uneven, oak veneered finish. Venues team in the Winchester office. He was
responsible for the project managing the venue technical Image credits
systems during construction and was involved in the 1–4, 12, 20 DRDH Architects / David Grandorge;
Conclusion design of the sound and communications systems. 5, 9 Nigel Whale; 6 Arup / George Ellerington,
Arup’s unique multidisciplinary skills 10–18 Arup; 7, 8, 19 DRDH Architects
Matt Atwood is a Senior Consultant in the Venues team
alongside DRDH’s excellent design vision in the Winchester office.
and careful site supervision added up to an William Algaard is an Associate Director in the London
effective partnership which delivered a office. He led the structural and building services
flexible, elegant, efficient building – a good concept design.
example of Ove Arup’s vision of total George Ellerington is an Associate in the Winchester
architecture in action office. He was responsible for the concept and detailed
design of the Store Sal shell system and for technical
planning of the performance spaces.
Rory Olcayto, writing in the January 2015
edition of The Architects’ Journal delivered Ian Knowles is a Director of the Acoustics and Venues
team in London. He led the multi-disciplinary design of
an emotional verdict: the project from competition to completion.
1
9
6
1. National Stadium
2. OCBC Aquatic Centre
8
3. OCBC Arena
4. Singapore Indoor Stadium
5. Water Sports Centre 5
6. Kallang Wave Mall 4
7. Offices
8. Singapore Sports Museum
9. Splash-N-Surf
6.
9.
National Stadium architectural design In terms of location, the dome structure The event programme was also an important
The decision to develop the iconic dome complemented the existing Kenzo Tange’s consideration. The dome form would
envelope to the stadium was driven by the Singapore Indoor Stadium (SIS). reinforce the acoustic energy of the crowd
local climate, the site location and the for sports events and create a dramatic
proposed event programme. Renders of the two buildings silhouetted setting for concerts, providing a vast
above the water line convinced the team they projection surface for interactive sound and
The tropical climate required a unique had generated one of Singapore’s most light displays. The open-ended design would
architectural response because visitors impressive skylines – the simple dome form provide breathtaking views out across the
needed protection from sun and rain, both of the new National Stadium juxtaposed city and provide all types of events with the
inside and outside the stadium. A dome was against the inverted curve ‘peaked’ roof of skyline of Singapore as their backdrop.
structurally the most efficient form to the SIS building.
achieve the extended spans required to cover
this area. The brief asked for a retractable The architecture was designed to
roof to shade spectators during events, and complement the SIS building – the silver 8. The stadium roof opened to
early calculations indicated that less steel reflective metal roof and steel exoskeleton, the sky.
would be required to support the moving the neutral tones of the concrete base, and 9. The stadium roof in its closed
roof using a dome rather than a cantilever the lush green plinth, with facilities such as position.
roof structure. restaurants integrated, were all key elements. 10. The impressive city skyline
visible from the open end of the
stadium.
16. 17.
15. The moving roof, constructed Moving roof cladding fixed roof to be reflected in the moving roof
from translucent multi-layered ETFE A lightweight cladding system was required geometry. However issues related to
pillows, can be illuminated at night. for the moving roof to provide shade to the structural movement and water ponding soon
16. Mock-up of the movable roof. seating bowl and reduced solar heat dictated a different design solution.
17. The roof is made of multi-layer gainwhile at the same time offering
ETFE pillows and embedded with translucency so that the event space could The flexibility of the moving roof structure
LEDs, turning it into a large
digital screen. be naturally lit during the day. required a design with sliding bearings so it
became important to avoid small pillow
A multi-layer ETFE pillow was chosen modules because intersections between
to meet these design requirements and at extrusions would need to be a fixed joint
the same time provide the opportunity to (something that would not work
illuminate the moving roof at night. Sized at structurally). Also, as an actively inflated
20,000m2 the moving roof is one of the roofing system, it carried the risk of pillows
largest addressable LED screens in the deflating (either through puncturing or pump
world and an unmistakable feature on failure) so water ponding was a serious
Singapore’s skyline. design concern. The decision was taken to
change the pillow format to long extruded
The team worked closely with the appointed pillows that ran parallel to the short edge of
subcontractor (Vector Foiltec) to achieve the the moving roof. In this way, water would
best visual arrangement of pillows. The not be retained to the moving roof area, and
original intent was for the patterning of the junctions between extrusions could be
minimised.
A unique part of the architecture of the NST 18. Detail of cladding systems –
dome is the visible expression of the between fixed roof and giant louvres
over the Sports Promenade.
structural geometry within the roof cladding.
19. Detail of fixed roof cladding
Recessed scupper areas were aligned to system.
the primary structure, with the cladding to
20. Architectural rendering showing
these zones continuing through the Sports movable roof and ETFE pillows,
Promenade to complete the visual expression fixed roof aluminum standing seam
of the roof structure to the support location cladding and giant louvres PTFE
at ring beam level. The diagonal ‘scupper’ fabric cladding.
zones are integrated into the night time
illumination of the roof with LED node
lighting. 20.
22.
Sports Promenade
The giant louvres provide natural ventilation
and protection from sun and rain for the
Sports Promenade. Clad in PTFE fabric, the
louvres align to floor levels within the
stadium enabling views to the outside.
Internal façades
The internal façades and slab edges are the
visible external face of the stadium within
the Sports Promenade, so they are important 23.
in the architectural language of the building.
Level 1
The design team wanted a feedback loop so The parametric model was used to control a
that one software could inform another of multitude of other relationships between
defined positions, co-ordinates and elements which it would have been Oasys GSA
dimensions for the roof elements. impossible to achieve using conventional
A parametric model was built in Digital software. Each parameter was treated in the
Projects (DP) allowing the roof structure to same way – structural and architectural
be quickly assessed structurally and requirements were considered, an optimised
redefined as the design developed. parameter agreed and inserted into the
geometric control model for the roof.
The parametric DP model was linked to In time, a fully editable 3D model of the
Arup’s structural analysis software General stadium roof was completed which defined
Structural Analysis (GSA) via bespoke every constraint imposed on the roof and
in-house software allowing optimisation of could be used independently by every
the roof’s form via varying truss depths, member of the team.
layout, arch rise and other parameters that
define its geometry. The efficiency of this Stadium roof structure
Tekla
process was key to be able to iterate through The 310m-span roof rises to a height of
numerous design solutions during design approximately 85m from pitch level (76m
development. from the elevated post-tensioned concrete
ring beam). Comprising a fixed roof and two
Once imported into GSA, the structure was movable roof components, the structure
optimised using in-house software, totals approximately 7,400 tonnes of
developed specifically for the project, that structural steel plus connections.
employed an interactive approach based on 26.
‘fully stressed design’. Then, with the
structural sizing optimisation complete, the
25. National Stadium under
structural analysis model was converted into construction in December 2013.
a Tekla Structures BIM model from which 26. Feedback loop established for
all the construction drawings were produced. information transfer between
architecture, engineering and
construction models.
The fixed roof spans clear across the stadium • Two transverse trusses that are parallel to compression to support the movable roof as
with no support taken from the stadium the pitch and form the long edges of the the roof closes. The ring beam and ring beam
seating ‘bowl’ concrete superstructure. The roof opening support column pairs restrain the thrust
fixed roof also directly supports the movable • Diagonal trusses linking corners of the forces generated as the steel roof tries to
roof via a series of ‘bogies’ running on the rectangular forms described by the spread, and transfer vertical forces at each of
parallel ‘runway trusses’ that span transverse and runway trusses the roof nodes to the columns below. Vertical
perpendicular to the pitch axis. The forces are then carried by the columns into
structural dome form of the roof imparts • Interceptor trusses which define the the bored pile foundations.
large tensile forces into a post-tensioned junction between the fixed roof cladding,
concrete ring beam, built approximately 9m supported on the secondary trusses above; The secondary trusses are 3D triangular
from ground level, which acts to restrain the and the giant louvres, clad in PTFE fabric, trusses but span in one direction only and
roof from spreading. below. match the depth of the primary trusses at
each location where they meet. The trusses
A fundamental principle in the design of the The primary trusses form the principal steel are formed using CHS of maximum chord
fixed and movable roofs has been to create a load carrying members in the roof. They size 356mm diameter and are faceted at all
very stiff fixed roof and a flexible movable vary in both depth and width with a truss node points to match the spherical
roof structure to minimise the tendency of minimum depth of approximately 2.5m at geometry of the roof. Both top and bottom
the movable roof to rack or skew and jam the base nodes and a maximum depth of chords of the secondary trusses connect into
during operation. approximately 5m at the centre of the dome. the primary trusses.
All trusses are 3D triangular trusses
Fixed roof structure fabricated from circular hollow sections The giant louvres that enclose the Sports
All loads on the roof structure are (CHS) with chords sizes of 457mm diameter Promenade are made up of trusses in
transmitted to the concrete ring beam by a and 508mm diameter. horizontal planes spanning between the
network of triangular-formed primary trusses diagonal and parallel runway trusses as well
creating a very stiff 3D shell or dome There is an opening in the roof, as trusses in vertical planes suspended from
structure. approximately 220m long and 82m wide, the interceptor trusses. All trusses are formed
over the football pitch. The shell action of from CHS sections. The connections
These primary trusses comprise: the fixed roof is affected by the opening in between the louvre framing and primary
the roof, where point loads from the bogies trusses are detailed to ensure that the louvres
• Six parallel runway trusses spanning across
on the runway trusses result in additional do not form part of the global roof framing
the stadium, perpendicular to the pitch axis
bending in those trusses. Across the opening, system and only exert load on it, rather than
the primary trusses act in bending and attract load from it.
30.
Moving roof
Ru
35.
33. Snapshot of 3D model illustrating
Arup’s reference design for movable
roof transportation system.
34. Original design for movable
roof drive system.
35. Revised design for movable
roof drive system.
Ring beam
The elevated ring beam is an integral
component of the overall NST roof structure.
The ring beam and the column pairs below
form the primary support for the roof
structure and act together to restrain the
lateral thrusting forces of the roof dome
structure.
Both architecturally and practically, it was The roof was wind tunnel tested in quarter
Ring forces transmitted determined to create a circular ring beam closed, half closed, three quarter closed to
to ring beam at
thrust block geometry with the ring beam column pairs investigate the possible effect of the
Resolution of forces
working in portal action radially to resist intermediate position of the movable roof on
at L3 ring beam any forces not funicular to the ring beam the wind load. It was found that the quarter
circular geometry. closed roof generated higher edge pressures
and overall loading on the roof when
Movement joints
The ring beam post-tensioning is developed compared to the other intermediate positions.
via 14 tendons of 17 strands (each 15.2mm
1500 in diameter) placed in 2 rows of 7 tendons. Roof construction sequence
Each post-tensioned tendon is approximately The construction sequence affects both the
6000 100m long and stressed from both ends. internal forces and deflections in the
14 post-tensioned
42. tendons The post tensioning ensures that under structure. An allowance of 10% utilisation
service loads the ring beam remains un- on the fixed roof structure, excluding the
cracked. Under the worst case ultimate load louvres, was assigned to deal with locked-in
cases some cracking of the ring beam occurs stresses associated with the construction
although it never goes into net tension at any methodology.
section around the ring beam.
A construction method was discussed with
Wind loading potential steel subcontractors and outlined in
Working closely with CPP (Sydney) the the structural tender drawings. This erection
design team recommended adopting an sequence was assessed by the design team
‘influence surface’ method to determine and determined to produce locked-in stresses
critical simultaneous patterned wind loads less than the 10% allowance.
across the roof.
This figure was advised to the bidding
In this analysis, the time-histories of the steel subcontractors and the erection
43. wind pressure measured simultaneously over methodology of the winning steel
the entire roof from the wind tunnel tests are subcontractor (Yongnam) developed to
combined with structural weighting work within this allowance.
41. The stadium under construction. functions to determine the highest magnitude
42. Ring beam section and actions. and worst pressure distribution that cause
43. Wind loading analysis. critical design scenarios for direct
application to the structural analysis. Such a
method enables wind loads to be more
accurately determined, considering the area
and potential lack of correlation of the wind.
44.
Moving tier systems • Eight main sliding elements minimise the Acoustics
During early design phases the Arup team number of gaps between seat modules The Arup acoustics team provided technical
developed various options for the moving input into the acoustic design of both the
• As the lower tier moves inward from
tier mechanisms. National Stadium and the wider sports
athletics to football mode, a 12.7m gap
precinct. For the National Stadium they
opens up which needs to be filled for
The design challenge was unique. With a generated a hybrid acoustic quality which
pedestrian flow and to support
permanent athletics track and the extended would ensure the best acoustic for both
supplementary seating.
requirements of football and cricket viewing, sports events and concerts.
the moving tier systems needed to • A lifting mechanism was adopted to fill this
accommodate a wide range of movements gap with 49 independent concourse In a sports venue the roar of the crowd is an
(up to 12.7m) while maximising seating platforms. This meant introducing a trench essential part of the atmosphere. The
capacity for each mode and being capable of below the platforms through which the acoustics of the stadium bowl were designed
conversion from one format to another in a lifting mechanism could move with this in mind, providing natural
target 48 working hours. • Turnaround time was enhanced by reinforcement of the crowd noise by
introducing a serapid machine to lift the including sound reflecting surfaces within
The team investigated a variety of options the space coupled with the level of acoustic
platforms. The serapid is a mobile
of independently-movable segments in the control that was necessary to ensure the PA
proprietary lifting machine which runs in
lower 30,000 seat tier – from as few as eight, system would meet intelligibility targets and
its dedicated 4m deep trench around the
to as many as 50 – and a mixture of sliding concerts could be hosted without reflecting
full perimeter of the arena and lifts or
and hinged movement systems was sound to the field of play.
lowers each of the concourse platforms
developed and investigated.
one-by-one
Another issue for careful consideration was
The design eventually adopted proved to be • The adopted moving system reduced the the potential for heavy rain to generate noise.
the best means of resolving the geometric number of sliding components and Detailed studies were undertaken to ensure
complexity, as well as improving operational achieved simplification of sliding tier that the lightweight ETFE cladding would
efficiency. This is how the system works: movement mechanisms using air skates, not impact on audibility of sound within the
hydraulic jacks and PTFE sliding pads. National Stadium event space.
Cooled air is provided at each seat Moving roof opens when no event is on
location providing low-energy in the stadium and provides natural
comfort cooling for all spectators daylight required for pitch growth
47.
Sustainable masterplan
Cooling With the stadium at the centre of the
towers
Condenser precinct, the team’s mechanical engineers
ring main Car park realised that an efficient solution needed to
Aquatic balance the intermittent energy demands of
Centre the stadium with the everyday energy
demands of the surrounding buildings.
Landscape Rainwater
irrigation storage
49.
Conclusion
Arup has a long-standing track record of
bringing the best of its international
expertise to large projects around the world
– and there is no better story to tell than its
role in delivering the design of the Singapore
Sports Hub.
52.
1.
13.
tests, three restraining devices were James Hargreaves is an Associate Director in the
designed: all the trees have temporary elastic Midlands Campus and leads the structural dynamics
business. He led the analysis and mitigation of
bands that connect the root bulb to a steel vibrations and structure-borne noise for Bosco Verticale.
mesh embedded in the soil; all the medium Valeria Migliori is a senior structural engineer in the
and large trees have a safety cable to prevent Milan office. He was project engineer for Bosco
the tree from falling in case the trunk breaks Verticale.
as a consequence of large wind-storms; the
largest trees, in locations most exposed to Project credits
Client: Hines Italia SGR SpA per conto del fondo Porta
wind, have a steel safety cage that restrains Nuova Isola. Structural engineer and multidisciplinary
the root-bulb and prevents it from engineering design: Arup – Lorenzo Allievi, Andrew
overturning under the most severe Allsop, Matteo Baffetti, Enrica Barzaghi, Luca Buzzoni,
windstorms (Fig 14). Immanuel Capano, Luca Dellatorre, Xiaonian Duan,
Silvia Ferrero, Patricio Garcia, James Hargreaves,
Simon Hart, Sam Jewell, Hyuk Il Jung, Oronzo
While the elastic bands are designed as a Lacirignola, Yi-Jin Lee, Ziggy Lubkowski, Enrico
temporary restraint until the roots are fully Manganelli, Lorenzo Marengo, Alvaro Martinez,
developed, the restraining systems for the Riccardo Merello, Paolo Micucci, Valeria Migliori, Phil
largest trees are designed for the entire Mudge, Angelo Mussi, Nick O’Riordan, Adrian
Passmore, Vincenzo Patruno, Giuseppe Pelagalli,
expected life of the building to provide a Roberto Persio, Francesco Petrella, Alberto Rossi, Luca
permanent safety solution for the stability of Rossi, Jamie Talbot, Maurizio Teora, Salvatore
the trees. Tessitore, Roland Trim, Francesco Uggetti, Michael
14. Willford, Peter Young Architect: Boeri Studio (Stefano
The different solutions were soft-tested, with Boeri, Gianandrea Barreca, Giovanni La Varra) now
15. Stefano Boeri Architetti and Barreca & La Varra
fully detailed 3d mock-ups and real mock- Landscape and Botanical Consultants: Laura Gatti and
ups, to prove ease of installation and Emanuela Borio General Contractor: ZH General
possible interferences with non-structural Construction Company SpA Base-Isolation System
requirements before starting production. The Supplier: Gerb.
connections of the steel cages to the concrete Image credits
parapets, for instance, were coordinated with 1– 4, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15 Arup; 5, 6 Peri; 8–9 Gerb;
the water-proofing requirements of the 12 Politecnico di Milano; 13 Florida International
planters and approved by the insurance University.
company responsible for the water-tightness
of the system (Fig 15).
1.
Introduction The medical center opened on 1 February • UCSF Betty Irene Moore Women’s
California has seen an upsurge in new 2015 – on time, under budget and widely Hospital for cancer care, specialty surgery
hospital design and construction in recent acknowledged as an exemplar of best and select outpatient services; and a 36-bed
years driven by regulatory requirements to practice in hospital design. It is one of the birth center
replace or upgrade existing facilities to new first hospitals in California to be awarded • UCSF Ron Conway Family Gateway
seismic standards. University of California, LEED Gold Accreditation (Leadership in Medical Building
San Francisco (UCSF) has taken the Energy and Environmental Design).
opportunity to develop its medical research • An energy center, helipad, parking and
campus at Mission Bay to meet these This article focuses on the sustainability support services.
standards and simultaneously create an aspect of Arup’s brief and the integrated
exceptional level of sustainability. delivery concepts Arup and UCSF The patient bed units are arranged along
introduced to achieve such outstanding wings facing north and south above a
Arup has worked on the project from the results. podium containing the diagnostic and
outset, integrating sustainability and project treatment functions. This orientation
delivery across the site and providing The project optimises daylighting potential.
structural, mechanical, electrical, and UCSF Medical Center at Misson Bay is
plumbing engineering services for the located on a 14.5 acre site in the former dock UCSF Medical Center at Misson Bay
medical center complex adjacent to the and warehouse area of the city. It comprises: provides comprehensive diagnostic,
biomedical campus. interventional and support services, and uses
• UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, advanced robotic and imaging technology
San Francisco, with emergency and during surgery, in an environment centered
pediatric primary care and specialty on the compassionate care of patients and
outpatient facilities (183 beds) their families. Integration with the
biomedical campus strengthens collaboration
• UCSF Bakar Cancer Hospital for adult
between researchers and clinicians.
patients (70 beds)
Analysing heat gain These diversity factors were developed • Variable air volume with exhaust air
Hospitals are ‘plug and process load’ through a series of focus group meetings tracking to ensure the correct pressure
intensive buildings. Heat gain from loads as with end-users of the medical equipment differential to the corridor
they are used over the course of the day and specified for the project. This resulted in a
• Constant volume (fresh air requirement
night, affect the sizing and operation of the more realistic concurrent peak heat gain
only) with chilled ceilings
mechanical cooling systems that maintain estimate.
patient and staff comfort. Unlike typical • Constant volume (fresh air requirement
office equipment, diversified load The operating rooms proved to be a only) with chilled beams
information for medical equipment is not particular challenge in terms of predicting
readily available. Therefore, traditional equipment loads. Surgeons needed some of All systems studied used 100% outside air
methods of accounting for heat gain from these rooms capable of cooling to 65ºF, – a choice which had already been shown to
these loads is based on rules of thumb, while accommodating a significant quantity be cost-effective for other hospitals in the
together with conservative safety factors or a of diagnostic equipment. Working with San Francisco Bay Area and greatly reduces
summation of name plate power rating. clinical staff, the engineering team created a the risk of airborne infection transfer.
spreadsheet of all the equipment with heat
Overestimating loads results in unnecessarily gain and diversity factors estimated. Each system was analysed with different
large ductwork, excessive and under-used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was heat recovery options. Variable air volume
airflow capacity and mechanical systems used to model two different air supply with run-around coil heat recovery had the
running at non-optimal, part-load conditions strategies to check for minimum turbulence best lifecycle cost performance for the
most of the time. Seeing the opportunity for over the operating table. hospital, saving more than $3m over the
energy savings, the engineering team studied presumed 20-year life of the system, the
equipment heat gain using purchase order For patient rooms, three alternate air supply initial investment costs being recovered
equipment cut-sheets, coupled with time-of- systems were studied and compared with the within 12.5 years.
use or concurrent-use diversity factors. typical constant volume-reheat systems seen
in typical US hospitals:
Therapeutic design
Green spaces at urban hospitals have become
increasingly important. In many hospitals
lots of patient rooms look on to roof areas
typically filled with mechanical equipment.
Converting these spaces into rooftop gardens
improves the view, but complicates
mechanical designs.
The most important aspect of these roof Planting the roofs with gardens provided
gardens is accessibility. At a pediatric added benefits in terms of handling
hospital providing respite for the parents is stormwater. Stormwater draining from a
especially important. At Mission Bay, green roof has higher water quality than that
gardens and outdoor areas of respite are coming out of a typical on-grade bioswale
integrated at almost every nursing unit on and the flow of stormwater from a roof
every floor. garden is slowed, eliminating the need for a
retention tank. The result is reduced impact
Adding therapeutic garden spaces does, on San Francisco’s city storm-water system.
however, increase potable water use.
In locations with adequate rainfall – or
consistent rain throughout the year –
4. rainwater collection strategies are adequate.
But in dry climates or climates with long dry
3. Heat gain from equipment loads seasons – such as that in San Francisco –
in operating rooms was assessed rainwater collection becomes untenable due
and managed. to large tank requirements.
4. Clean energy will be generated
on-site from photovoltaic arrays on To resolve this problem at Mission Bay,
the roof.
the design team used the cooling tower
5. Younger patients and visitors can blow-down as an irrigation water source
enjoy well-planned play areas.
with minimal extra filtration and some
dilution, saving almost 3.5 million litres
of potable water per year.
1
Site
In early 2009, the team initiated the creation
Hospital Budget
of a virtual organisation, which included the
Structural
major subcontractors for MEP, drywall and
Exterior Cost
concrete. A traditional approach of
2
wall management completing design and then cutting costs
OPB
Mechanical / to meet budget was replaced with an
plumbing
Senior
integrated effort to find opportunities to
Planning
Electrical /
leadership reduce costs through a collaborative
3
low voltage process based on specific cost targets by
EC
Special trade. Teams ‘virtually constructed’ the
Schedule
systems building looking for ways to optimise
coordination, prefabrication and productivity
4
Interiors
and lean processes.
Site Sustainability
Equipment
A detailed three-dimensional model was
created using BIM. Costs were reduced
without reducing performance and the
7. schedule was managed through target
costing and the use of Last Planner™
6. An aerial view of the building. techniques.
7. Integrated Project Delivery and
BIM meant the project was delivered With the virtual organisation established,
exactly on schedule. UCSF opened the ICDC. Located on the
8. Maximising daylight and views Mission Bay site, the ICDC hosted more
and minimising solar gain were than 250 people from 19 firms including
mutually dependent objectives, architects, engineers, contractors, project
successfully met.
staff and subcontractors, working as one
highly integrated team rather than
individually and sequentially.
This process, and the level of detail required, The team reached the cost savings target six
revealed unnecessary waste much earlier so months ahead of schedule. Approximately
that the issue could be resolved in BIM well 280 PMIs were identified including
.9. in advance of an in-the-field construction eliminating redundant items, finding more
plan being set in motion. efficient ways to route pipes and conduit and
identifying opportunities to take advantage
Last Planner™ BIM techniques were used Target costing of market conditions in purchasing.
weekly to identify upcoming commitments, One of the ICDC’s early goals was to find
actions and other items - a date was assigned ways to reduce project costs using a tracking Contractors and engineers working side-by-
for each - and the outcomes were tracked to system called Project Modification or side identified opportunities to prefabricate
determine whether or not commitments were Innovation (PMI). Unlike value engineering, components or even sections of the facility,
met. Well-run traditional projects improve to which reduces costs by potentially reducing such as walls with piping and conduit,
a commitment rate of 70 to 75% whereas the the scope of the design, PMIs reduce waste leading to reduced material and labour costs,
UCSF team regularly exceeded its target of by finding more efficient ways to meet the less waste and increased productivity for
meeting 80% of commitments or more. scope of the design and thus reduce costs. the project.
Detailed BIM
Because a number of key subcontractors
were brought into the process nearly two
years prior to the start of construction, the
project team carried out a virtual build of the
hospital, energy center and outpatient
building complex in a fully detailed BIM
model during the Construction Documents
(CD) phase.
Authors
Alisdair McGregor, Principal and Arup Fellow, was
Project Director.
Raj Daswani, Principal, Arup, was Project Director.
Project credits
Client: University of California Architect: Stantec
Architecture Associate Architect: William McDonough
& Partners JV Consortium Partner and Structural
Engineer: Rutherford & Chekene Main Contractor:
DPR Construction Inc Specialist Consultant:
McDonough, Braungart Design Chemistry
Services and Structural Engineer: Arup – Kyle Adams,
Shakeel Ahmed, Ibbi Almufti, Jesus Alvarez, Sergio
Andermann, Austin Anderson, Key Anderson, Jason
Arcilla, Alex Arnold, Candice Avanes, Raza Baqai Matt
Baxley, David Bierman, Juanito Boado, Anna Bukareva-
Padlo, Ramon Catiis, Michelle Chen, Kyle Chin, Susie
Cho, Yen Chong, Kevin Clinch Joseph Collins, Kirk
Crowther, Nancy Damore, Raj Daswani, Andrew Deves,
Ranka Diklic, Michael Dimmel, Abdullah Drake El,
Larry Encarnacion, Val Espinosa, Fang Fang, Anthony
Fresquez, Jonathan Gervais, Nikki Gibson, Alex
Goldsbrough, Pawel Gotlib, Stephanie Gulliver, Geoff
Gunn, Irene Heung, Marshall Hilton Nicolas Hoffstetter,
Jian Jin Guan, Masami Jin, Ramon Johnson II, Jacob
Johnston, Gene Joves, Derek Kan, Taylor Keep, Galina
Khalameyzer, Natalia Khaldi, Julie Kirkpatrick, Eric
Ko, Jan-Peter Koppitz, Jason Krolicki, Lukki Lam,
11.
Shaun Landman, Peter Lassetter, Jun Lautan, Christine
Lee, Jackie Lee, Kathryn Lee, Yong Lim, Dee Lindsey,
Anna Liu, Lanfang Liu, Siu-Ting Mak, Ruben Martinez,
Keys to success Conclusion Lucy Mattingly, Bryan McCaffrey Nora McCawley,
There were many benefits to the integrated Achieving sustainability in large hospitals Maurya Mcclintock, Alisdair McGregor, Ozzie
approach compared with traditional project requires a leadership level of commitment Mercado, Janice Mochizuki, Afaan Naqvi, Gregory
delivery. Chief amongst them were: from the owner and the UCSF team clearly Nielsen, Ciaran O’Donovan Michael Pang, Dylan
demonstrated this. It also requires a holistic Pavelko, Quinn Peck, Vincent Pianalto, Todd
Ravenscroft, Andrew Rhodes, Benedicte Riis-Duryea,
• Producing a fully BIM-coordinated set of approach and a clear plan that integrates Susannah Rivera, Tina Sack Don Sarmiento, Ankit
documents prior to construction bid, which sustainable concepts into all aspects of the Sethi, Nick Sherrow-Groves, Darren Sri-Tharan, Mark
helped reduce risks of costs and delays project from the start of the project, and this Stansbury, Jenna Stauffer, Paul Switenki, Geza Szakats,
was achieved through the ICDC. Sin-Tsuen Tong, Neil Tooch, Aldrin Tordecilla, Sherry
• Identifying more opportunities for Ung, Ben Waters, Christopher Werring, Armin Wolski,
prefabrication Eric Wong, Dick Wong, John Worley, Roddy Wykes, Liu
In January 2015, UCSF Medical Center at Yang, Tom Yim, Serena Zhu.
• Reducing the inefficiencies inherent in Mission Bay, became one of the first Alisdair McGregor and Raj Daswani wish to thank the
coordinating a set of documents after bid hospitals in California to be awarded LEED following people for providing input to this article:
Gold Certification (Leadership in Energy Stuart Eckblad is the Executive Director of Design and
The most significant change, however, was and Environmental Design). Construction for UCSF Medical Center at Mission Bay
in the mind shift required from each team and a licensed architect in California; George Pfeffer,
Executive Vice President for DPR Construction, is the
member. Instead of designing in small It is a further tribute to the success of this Project Executive for the UCSF Medical Center at
batches, they had to think in terms of project that the UCSF Medical Center at Mission Bay integrated delivery project; Ann Killeen,
completing a zone at a time with the Mission Bay received its certification of AIA, is the Principal-in-Charge of the UCSF Medical
submittal process being derived from the completion eight days early and opened to Center at Mission Bay project for Stantec, Architecture.
production schedule. They were successful She is also the Managing Principal of the San
patients on 1 February 2015, on the target Francisco office of Stantec; Tyler Krehlik, AIA, LEED
in this. In the ICDC everyone committed to date set six years previously. AP was the sustainability chair at Stantec Architecture,
working together as a virtual integrated San Francisco. He now works for Smith Group;
organisation to achieve optimum results for a Afaan Naqvi, is a senior mechanical engineer in Arup’s
world-class project, setting new standards in San Francisco office with a strong interest in energy
performance of building and campus level systems.
project delivery.
Image credits
1 UCSF/Mark Citret; 4, 6 UCSF, 11 UCSF/Brooke
Duthie; 2, 3, 5, 8, 10 Stantec and Rien van Rijthoven;
7, 9 DPR Construction.
Issue 1 2015