Tabel 5. 21.

1/18

Formulations :
ETo = c [ W . Rn + (1-W) . f(u) . (ea-ed) ]
W = temperature-related weighting factor
Rn = net radiation in equivalent evaporation ( mm/day )
f(u) = wind-related function
(ea-ed) = difference between the saturation vapour pressure at mean air temperature and
the mean actual vapour pressure of the of the air, (mbar)
c = adjustment factor to compensate for the effect of day and night weather conditions
Alpha a for crops = 0.25
Letak Geografis : Ranai, Natuna
Latitute 3
Atitude 108

Data : Ranai, Natuna

Bulan
No. Uraian Notasi Satuan
Jan Peb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Ags Sep Okt Nop Des

1 Temperature T C
o
26.4 28.7 27.7 27.2 27.2 26.9 27.1 27.3 27.0 26.5 26.6 26.9
2 Relative Humidity R.H. % 82.7 83.3 82.0 82.5 83.3 83.5 83.5 83.5 83.3 84.0 85.7 85.8
3 Wind Speed U km/hour 7.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.8 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.8
4 Sunshine (n/N) % 30.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 46.0 53.0 61.0 58.0 56.0 58.0 45.0 43.0

5 Mean Sat. Vapour pressure (ea) mbar 34.1 39.3 37.1 35.9 36.0 35.2 35.6 36.1 35.5 34.3 34.6 37.8
6 Mean Actual Vapour pressure (ed) = ea x Rhmean/100 mbar 28.2 32.8 30.4 29.6 30.0 29.4 29.7 30.2 29.6 28.8 29.6 32.4
7 (ea-ed) (ea-ed) mbar 5.9 6.6 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.0 5.4

` 8 Wind speed U km/day 180.0 156.0 156.0 168.0 144.0 144.0 168.0 164.0 148.0 144.0 148.0 164.0
9 Correction Factor c 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 Correction Wind U=Uxc km/day 180.0 156.0 156.0 168.0 144.0 144.0 168.0 164.0 148.0 144.0 148.0 164.0
11 Wind function f(u) = 0,27(1+U/100) 0.76 0.69 0.69 0.72 0.66 0.66 0.72 0.71 0.67 0.66 0.67 0.71

12 Temperature T o
C 26.4 28.667 27.683 27.167 27.217 26.883 27.05 27.267 27 26.467 26.6 26.867
Tabel 5. 21. 2/18

Formulations :
ETo = c [ W . Rn + (1-W) . f(u) . (ea-ed) ]
W = temperature-related weighting factor
Rn = net radiation in equivalent evaporation ( mm/day )
f(u) = wind-related function
(ea-ed) = difference between the saturation vapour pressure at mean air temperature and
the mean actual vapour pressure of the of the air, (mbar)
c = adjustment factor to compensate for the effect of day and night weather conditions
Alpha a for crops = 0.25
Letak Geografis : Ranai, Natuna
Latitute 3
Atitude 108

Data : Ranai, Natuna

Bulan
No. Uraian Notasi Satuan
Jan Peb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Ags Sep Okt Nop Des

13 Weighting Factor (1 - W) Tab. 8 0.164 0.153 0.177 0.146 0.146 0.144 0.145 0.146 0.170 0.142 0.143 0.169
14 Weighting Factor (W) Tab. 9 0.824 0.843 0.838 0.836 0.836 0.834 0.835 0.836 0.830 0.832 0.833 0.834

15 Radiation Ra Tab.10 mm/day 14.5 15.15 15.55 15.4 14.75 14.3 14.45 15 15.3 15.2 14.65 14.25
16 Solar radiation Rs = (0,25 + 0,50 n/N)Ra mm/day 5.8 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.1 7.4 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.2 7.0 6.6
17 Short wave radiation Rns = (1 - a)Rs mm/day 4.35 5.57 5.71 5.66 5.31 5.52 6.01 6.08 6.08 6.16 5.22 4.97

18 f(T) Tab. 13 16.0 16.4 16.2 16.1 16.1 16.1 16.1 16.2 16.1 16.0 16.0 16.1
19 f(ed) Tab. 14 0.106 0.088 0.097 0.101 0.099 0.101 0.100 0.098 0.101 0.104 0.101 0.089
20 f(n/N) Tab. 15 0.37 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.51 0.58 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.62 0.51 0.49
21 Long wave radiation Rnl = f(T) . f(ed) . f(n/N) mm/day 0.63 0.77 0.84 0.86 0.82 0.94 1.05 0.99 0.98 1.03 0.81 0.70
22 Rn = Rns x Rnl mm/day 2.73 4.29 4.81 4.89 4.36 5.19 6.29 6.01 5.95 6.36 4.24 3.49

23 Correction c 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
24 Evapotranspiration Eto mm/day 2.99 4.31 4.85 4.75 4.22 4.89 5.87 5.64 5.62 5.81 4.01 3.55 4.71
Tabel 4.3 Saturation Vapour Pressure (ea) in mbar
as Function of Mean Air Temperature (T) in oC

(Taken from FAO, 1977)

Temperature ea
( oC ) ( mbar )
0 6.1
1 6.6
2 7.1
3 7.6
4 8.1
5 8.7
6 9.3
7 10.0
8 10.7
9 11.5
10 12.3
11 13.1
12 14.0
13 15.0
14 16.1
15 17.0
16 18.2
17 19.4
18 20.6
19 22.0
20 23.4
21 24.9
22 26.4
23 28.1
24 29.8
25 31.7
26 33.6
27 35.7
28 37.8
29 40.1
30 42.4
31 44.9
32 47.6
33 50.3
34 53.2
35 56.2
36 59.4
37 62.8
38 66.3
39 69.9
519195937.xls
u-correct

Appropriate Correction for Wind Speed

Adjusted factor againts the 2 m-height of wind speed measurement

(Taken from FAO, 1977)

Height Correction for wind speed
(m) ( km/day )

0.5 1.35
1.0 1.15
1.5 1.06
2.0 1.00
3.0 0.93
4.0 0.88
5.0 0.85
6.0 0.83

Values of Wind Function f(u) = 0.27 + (1+U/100)

U = Wind Speed at ….. (h) m heigh in km/day x Correction
Tabel 4.4 Vapour Pressure (ed) in mbar ( 1/2 )
from Dry and Web Bulb Temperature Data in oC
(Aspirated Psychrometer)

(Taken from FAO, 1977)

Dry Bulb Depression Wet Bulb ToC altitude 0-1.000 m

To C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
1 40 73.8 64.9 56.8 49.2 42.2 35.8 29.8 24.3 19.2 14.4 10.1 6.0
2 38 66.3 58.1 50.5 43.6 37.1 31.1 25.6 20.5 15.8 11.4 7.3
3 36 59.4 51.9 44.9 38.4 32.5 26.9 21.8 17.1 12.7 8.6 4.9
4 34 53.2 46.2 39.8 33.8 28.3 23.2 18.4 14.0 10.0 6.2
5 32 47.5 41.1 35.1 29.6 24.5 19.8 15.4 11.3 7.5 4.0
6 30 42.4 36.5 30.9 25.8 21.1 16.7 12.6 8.8 5.3
7 28 37.8 32.2 27.2 22.4 18.0 14.0 10.2 6.7 3.4
8 26 33.6 28.5 23.8 19.4 15.3 11.5 8.0 4.7 1.6
9 24 29.8 25.1 20.7 16.6 12.8 9.3 6.0 2.9
10 22 26.4 22.0 18.0 14.2 10.6 7.4 4.3 1.4
11 20 23.4 19.3 15.5 12.0 8.7 5.6 2.7
12 18 20.6 16.8 13.3 10.0 6.9 4.1 1.4
13 16 18.2 14.6 11.4 8.3 5.4 2.7
14 14 16.0 12.7 9.6 6.7 4.0 1.5
15 12 14.0 10.9 8.1 5.3 2.8
16 10 12.3 9.4 6.7 4.1 1.7
17 8 10.7 8.0 5.5 3.1 0.8
18 6 9.3 6.8 4.4 2.1
19 4 8.1 5.7 3.4 1.6
20 2 7.1 4.8 2.8 0.8
21 0 6.1 4.0 2.0
Tabel 4.4 Vapour Pressure (ed) in mbar ( 2/2 )
from Dry and Web Bulb Temperature Data in oC
(Non - Ventilated Psychrometer)

(Taken from FAO, 1977)

Dry Bulb Depression Wet Bulb ToC altitude 0-1.000 m

ToC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
1 40 73.8 64.7 56.2 48.4 41.2 34.4 28.2 22.4 17.0 12.0 7.4 3.0
2 38 66.3 57.8 50.0 42.8 36.0 29.8 24.0 18.6 13.6 9.0 4.6 0.6
3 36 59.4 51.6 44.4 37.6 31.4 25.6 20.2 15.2 10.6 6.2 2.2
4 34 53.2 45.9 39.2 33.0 27.2 21.8 16.8 12.2 7.8 3.8
5 32 47.5 40.8 34.6 28.8 23.4 18.4 13.8 9.4 5.4 1.6
6 30 42.4 36.2 30.4 25.0 20.0 15.4 11.0 7.0 3.2
7 28 37.8 32.0 26.6 21.6 17.0 12.6 8.6 4.8 1.2
8 26 33.6 28.2 23.2 18.6 14.2 10.2 6.4 2.8
9 24 29.8 24.8 20.2 15.8 11.8 8.0 4.4 1.1
10 22 26.4 21.8 17.4 13.4 9.6 6.0 2.7
11 20 23.4 19.0 15.0 11.2 7.6 4.3 1.1
12 18 20.6 16.6 12.8 9.2 5.9 2.7
13 16 18.2 14.4 10.8 7.5 4.3 1.4
14 14 16.0 12.4 9.1 5.9 3.0 0.1
15 12 14.0 10.7 7.5 4.6 1.7
16 10 12.3 9.1 6.4 3.3 0.7
17 8 10.7 7.7 4.9 2.3
18 6 9.3 6.5 3.9 1.5
19 4 8.1 5.5 2.9 0.9
20 2 7.1 4.5 2.3
21 0 6.1 3.7 1.5
Table 4.5 Values of Weighting Factor (1-W) for the Effect of Wind and Humidity
on ETo at Different Temperatures and Altitutes
(Non - Ventilated Psychrometer)

(Taken from FAO, 1977)

Temperature ( oC )
Altitude ( m ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
1 0 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.15
2 500 0.56 0.52 0.49 0.46 0.43 0.40 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.14
3 1,000 0.54 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.13
4 2,000 0.51 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12
5 3,000 0.48 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11
6 4,000 0.46 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10

Table 4.6 Values of Weighting Factor ( W ) for the Effect of Radiation

on ETo at Different Temperatures and Altitutes
(Non - Ventilated Psychrometer)

(Taken from FAO, 1977)

Temperature ( oC )
Altitude ( m ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
1 0 0.43 0.46 0.49 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.85
2 500 0.44 0.48 0.51 0.54 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.79 0.81 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.86
3 1,000 0.46 0.49 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.87
4 2,000 0.49 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88
5 3,000 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.89
6 4,000 0.54 0.58 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.90
Tabel 4.7 Extra Terrestrial Radiation (Ra)
expressed in Equivalent Evaporation
in mm/day
Northern Hemisphere

(Taken from FAO, 1977)

Latitude Northern Hemisphere

L o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nop Dec
1 50 3.8 6.1 9.4 12.7 15.8 17.1 16.4 14.1 10.9 7.4 4.5 3.2
2 48 4.3 6.6 9.8 13.0 15.9 17.2 16.5 14.3 11.2 7.8 5.0 3.7
3 46 4.9 7.1 10.2 13.3 16.0 17.2 16.6 14.5 11.5 8.3 5.5 4.3
4 44 5.3 7.6 10.6 13.7 16.1 17.2 16.6 14.7 11.9 8.7 6.0 4.7
5 42 5.9 8.1 11.0 14.0 16.2 17.3 16.7 15.0 12.2 9.1 6.5 5.2
6 40 6.4 8.6 11.4 14.3 16.4 17.3 16.7 15.2 12.5 9.6 7.0 5.7
7 38 6.9 9.0 11.8 14.5 16.4 17.2 16.7 15.3 12.8 10.0 7.5 6.1
8 36 7.4 9.4 12.1 14.7 16.4 17.2 16.7 15.4 13.1 10.6 8.0 6.6
9 34 7.9 9.8 12.4 14.8 16.5 17.1 16.8 15.5 13.4 10.8 8.5 7.2
10 32 8.3 10.2 12.8 15.0 16.5 17.0 16.8 15.6 13.6 11.2 9.0 7.6
11 30 8.8 10.7 13.1 15.2 16.5 17.0 16.8 15.7 13.9 11.6 9.5 8.3
12 28 9.3 11.1 13.4 15.3 16.5 16.8 16.7 15.7 14.1 12.0 9.9 8.8
13 26 9.8 11.5 13.7 15.3 16.4 16.7 16.6 15.7 14.3 12.3 10.3 9.0
14 24 10.2 11.9 13.9 15.4 16.4 16.6 16.5 15.8 14.5 12.6 10.7 9.3
15 22 10.7 12.3 14.2 15.5 16.3 16.4 16.4 15.8 14.6 13.0 11.1 10.2
16 20 11.2 12.7 14.4 15.6 16.3 16.4 16.3 15.9 14.8 13.3 11.6 10.7
17 18 11.6 13.0 14.6 15.6 16.1 16.1 16.1 15.8 14.9 13.6 12.0 11.1
18 16 12.0 13.3 14.7 15.6 16.0 15.9 15.9 15.7 15.0 13.9 12.4 11.6
19 14 12.4 13.6 14.9 15.7 15.8 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.1 14.1 12.8 12.0
20 12 12.8 13.9 15.1 15.7 15.7 15.5 15.5 15.6 15.2 14.4 13.3 12.5
21 10 13.2 14.2 15.3 15.7 15.5 15.3 15.3 15.5 15.3 14.7 13.6 12.9
22 8 13.6 14.5 15.3 15.6 15.3 15.0 15.1 15.4 15.3 14.8 13.9 13.3
23 6 13.9 14.8 15.4 15.4 15.1 14.7 14.9 15.2 15.3 15.0 14.2 13.7
24 4 14.3 15.0 15.5 15.5 14.9 14.4 14.6 15.1 15.3 15.1 14.5 14.1
25 2 14.7 15.3 15.6 15.3 14.6 14.2 14.3 14.9 15.3 15.3 14.8 14.4
26 0 15.0 15.5 15.7 15.3 14.4 13.9 14.1 14.8 15.3 15.4 15.1 14.8

Latitude Southern Hemisphere

L o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nop Dec
1 50 17.5 14.7 10.9 7.0 4.2 3.1 3.5 5.5 8.9 12.9 16.5 18.2
2 48 17.6 14.9 11.2 7.5 4.7 3.5 4.0 6.0 9.3 13.2 16.6 18.2
3 46 17.7 15.1 11.5 7.9 5.2 4.0 4.4 6.5 9.7 13.4 16.7 18.3
4 44 17.8 15.3 11.9 8.4 5.7 4.4 4.9 6.9 10.2 13.7 16.7 18.3
5 42 17.8 15.5 12.2 8.8 6.1 4.9 5.4 7.4 10.6 14.0 16.8 18.3
6 40 17.9 15.7 12.5 9.2 6.6 5.3 5.9 7.9 11.0 14.2 16.9 18.3
7 38 17.9 15.8 12.8 9.6 7.1 5.8 6.3 8.3 11.4 14.4 17.0 18.3
8 36 17.9 16.0 13.2 10.1 7.5 6.3 6.8 8.8 11.7 14.6 17.0 18.2
9 34 17.8 16.1 13.5 10.5 8.0 6.8 7.2 9.2 12.0 14.9 17.1 18.2
10 32 17.8 16.2 13.8 10.9 8.5 7.3 7.7 9.6 12.4 15.1 17.2 18.1
11 30 17.8 16.4 14.0 11.3 8.9 7.8 8.1 10.1 12.7 15.3 17.3 18.1
12 28 17.7 16.4 14.3 11.6 9.3 8.2 8.6 10.4 13.0 15.4 17.2 17.9
13 26 17.6 16.4 14.4 12.0 9.7 8.7 9.1 10.9 13.2 15.5 17.2 17.8
14 24 17.5 16.5 14.6 12.3 10.2 9.1 9.5 11.2 13.4 15.6 17.1 17.7
15 22 17.4 16.5 14.8 12.6 10.6 9.6 10.0 11.6 13.7 15.7 17.0 17.5
16 20 17.3 16.5 15.0 13.0 11.0 10.0 10.4 12.0 13.9 15.8 17.0 17.4
17 18 17.1 16.5 15.1 13.2 11.4 10.4 10.8 12.3 14.1 15.8 16.8 17.0
18 16 16.9 16.4 15.2 13.5 11.7 10.8 11.2 12.6 14.3 15.8 16.7 16.8
19 14 16.7 16.4 15.3 13.7 12.1 11.2 11.6 12.9 14.5 15.8 16.5 16.6
20 12 16.6 16.3 15.4 14.0 12.5 11.6 12.0 13.2 14.7 15.8 16.4 16.5
21 10 16.4 16.3 15.5 14.2 12.8 12.0 12.4 13.5 14.8 15.9 16.2 16.2
22 8 16.1 16.1 15.5 14.4 13.1 12.4 12.7 13.7 14.9 15.8 16.0 16.0
23 6 15.8 16.0 15.6 14.7 13.4 12.8 13.1 14.0 15.0 15.7 15.8 15.7
24 4 15.5 15.8 15.6 14.9 13.8 13.2 13.4 14.3 15.1 15.6 15.5 15.4
25 2 15.3 15.7 15.7 15.1 14.1 13.5 13.7 14.5 15.2 15.5 15.3 15.1
26 0 15.0 15.5 15.7 15.3 14.4 13.9 14.1 14.8 15.3 15.4 15.1 14.8
 Extra Terrestrial Radiation (Ra) expressed in Equivalent Evaporation
in mm/day
Southern Hemisphere

(Taken from FAO, 1977)

Latitude Southern Hemisphere

L o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nop Dec
1 50 17.5 14.7 10.9 7.0 4.2 3.1 3.5 5.5 8.9 12.9 16.5 18.2
2 48 17.6 14.9 11.2 7.5 4.7 3.5 4.0 6.0 9.3 13.2 16.6 18.2
3 46 17.7 15.1 11.5 7.9 5.2 4.0 4.4 6.5 9.7 13.4 16.7 18.3
4 44 17.8 15.3 11.9 8.4 5.7 4.4 4.9 6.9 10.2 13.7 16.7 18.3
5 42 17.8 15.5 12.2 8.8 6.1 4.9 5.4 7.4 10.6 14.0 16.8 18.3
6 40 17.9 15.7 12.5 9.2 6.6 5.3 5.9 7.9 11.0 14.2 16.9 18.3
7 38 17.9 15.8 12.8 9.6 7.1 5.8 6.3 8.3 11.4 14.4 17.0 18.3
8 36 17.9 16.0 13.2 10.1 7.5 6.3 6.8 8.8 11.7 14.6 17.0 18.2
9 34 17.8 16.1 13.5 10.5 8.0 6.8 7.2 9.2 12.0 14.9 17.1 18.2
10 32 17.8 16.2 13.8 10.9 8.5 7.3 7.7 9.6 12.4 15.1 17.2 18.1
11 30 17.8 16.4 14.0 11.3 8.9 7.8 8.1 10.1 12.7 15.3 17.3 18.1
12 28 17.7 16.4 14.3 11.6 9.3 8.2 8.6 10.4 13.0 15.4 17.2 17.9
13 26 17.6 16.4 14.4 12.0 9.7 8.7 9.1 10.9 13.2 15.5 17.2 17.8
14 24 17.5 16.5 14.6 12.3 10.2 9.1 9.5 11.2 13.4 15.6 17.1 17.7
15 22 17.4 16.5 14.8 12.6 10.6 9.6 10.0 11.6 13.7 15.7 17.0 17.5
16 20 17.3 16.5 15.0 13.0 11.0 10.0 10.4 12.0 13.9 15.8 17.0 17.4
17 18 17.1 16.5 15.1 13.2 11.4 10.4 10.8 12.3 14.1 15.8 16.8 17.0
18 16 16.9 16.4 15.2 13.5 11.7 10.8 11.2 12.6 14.3 15.8 16.7 16.8
19 14 16.7 16.4 15.3 13.7 12.1 11.2 11.6 12.9 14.5 15.8 16.5 16.6
20 12 16.6 16.3 15.4 14.0 12.5 11.6 12.0 13.2 14.7 15.8 16.4 16.5
21 10 16.4 16.3 15.5 14.2 12.8 12.0 12.4 13.5 14.8 15.9 16.2 16.2
22 8 16.1 16.1 15.5 14.4 13.1 12.4 12.7 13.7 14.9 15.8 16.0 16.0
23 6 15.8 16.0 15.6 14.7 13.4 12.8 13.1 14.0 15.0 15.7 15.8 15.7
24 4 15.5 15.8 15.6 14.9 13.8 13.2 13.4 14.3 15.1 15.6 15.5 15.4
25 2 15.3 15.7 15.7 15.1 14.1 13.5 13.7 14.5 15.2 15.5 15.3 15.1
26 0 15.0 15.5 15.7 15.3 14.4 13.9 14.1 14.8 15.3 15.4 15.1 14.8
Tabel 4.8 Maximum Possible Hours of Sunshine, R

Source : Elsevier, 1989

Taken from : Smithsonian Meteorological Tables (1951) , FAO 1977

No. North South Latitude ( … o )

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58

1 Jan Jul 12.1 11.8 11.6 11.3 11.1 10.7 10.4 10.1 9.7 9.5 9.3 9.1 8.9 8.6 8.3 8.0 7.6 7.2
2 Feb Aug 12.1 11.9 11.8 11.6 11.5 11.3 11.1 11.0 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.2 10.0 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.2
3 Mar Sep 12.1 12.0 12.1 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.7 11.7
4 Apr Oct 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.9 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 14.1 14.2 14.3
5 May Nov 12.1 12.3 12.6 12.8 13.1 13.3 13.6 14.0 14.3 14.5 14.7 14.9 15.1 15.4 15.7 16.0 16.3 16.6
6 Jun Dec 12.1 12.4 12.7 13.0 13.3 13.7 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.2 15.4 15.7 16.0 16.3 16.7 17.1 17.6 18.1
7 Jul Jan 12.1 12.3 12.6 12.9 13.2 13.5 13.9 14.3 14.7 14.9 15.1 15.3 15.6 15.9 16.3 16.5 17.0 17.5
8 Aug Feb 12.1 12.3 12.5 12.6 12.8 13.0 13.2 13.5 13.8 13.9 14.0 14.1 14.3 14.5 14.7 14.9 15.1 15.4
9 Sep Mar 12.1 12.1 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.4 12.4 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.8 12.9
10 Oct Apr 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.6 11.5 11.3 11.2 11.1 12.0 10.9 10.8 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.5 10.4
11 Nov May 12.1 11.9 11.7 11.4 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.3 10.0 9.9 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.1 8.8 8.5 8.2 7.9
12 Dec Jun 12.1 11.8 11.6 11.2 10.9 10.6 10.3 9.8 9.4 9.2 9.0 8.7 8.5 8.2 7.8 7.4 7.0 6.6

Indonesia : South Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1
10 12.6 12.5 12.2 11.9 11.7 11.6 11.6 11.8 12.1 12.3 12.6 12.7
Table 4.9 Conversion Factor for Extra-Terrestrial Radiationn (Ra) for Net Solar Radiation (Rns)
for a Given Reflector a of 0.25 and
Different Ratios of Actual to Maximum Sunshine Hours (1-a)(0.25 + 0.50 n/N)

Effect of the Ratio Actual and Maximum Bright Sunshine Hours f(n/N)
on Longwave Radiation (Rnl)

a = 0.25
Taken from : FAO, 1977
n/N Rns Rnl
(1-a )(0.25 + 0.50 n/N) f(n/N)=0.1 + 0.9 n/N

0 0.19 0.10
0.05 0.21 0.15
0.10 0.23 0.19
0.15 0.24 0.24
0.20 0.26 0.28
0.25 0.28 0.33
0.30 0.30 0.37
0.35 0.32 0.42
0.40 0.34 0.46
0.45 0.36 0.51
0.50 0.38 0.55
0.55 0.39 0.60
0.60 0.41 0.64
0.65 0.43 0.69
0.70 0.45 0.73
0.75 0.47 0.78
0.80 0.49 0.82
0.85 0.51 0.87
0.90 0.53 0.91
0.95 0.54 0.96
1.00 0.56 1.00
Tabel 4.10
Effect of Temperature f(T) on Longwave Radiation (Rnl)

Taken from : FAO, 1977

ToC Longwave Radiation
f(T) = sTk4

0 11.0 26.4 28.66667 27.68333

2 11.4 15.98 16.43333 16.23667
4 11.7
6 12.0
8 12.4
10 12.7
12 13.1
14 13.5
16 13.8
18 14.2
20 14.6
22 15.0
24 15.4
26 15.9
28 16.3
30 16.7
32 17.2
34 17.7
36 18.1

s = 117.4 x 10-9
Tk = 273 + toC
T = Stefan - Boltzman
Tabel 4.11
Effect of ed on Longwave Radiation (Rnl)

Taken from : FAO, 1977

ed Longwave Radiation
f(ed) = 0,34 - 0,044 (ed)0.5

6 0.23
8 0.22
10 0.20
12 0.19
14 0.18
16 0.16
18 0.15
20 0.14
22 0.13
24 0.12
26 0.12
28 0.11
30 0.10
32 0.09
34 0.08
36 0.08
38 0.07
40 0.06
 Tabel 4.12 Adjustment Factor (c) © in Presented Penmann Equation

Taken from : FAO, 1977

RHmax = 30% RHmax = 60% RHmax = 90%

Rs (mm/day) 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12
Uday (m/sec) Uday/Unight = 4.0

0 0.86 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.98 1.05 1.05 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.10
3 0.79 0.84 0.92 0.97 0.92 1.00 1.11 1.19 0.99 1.10 1.27 1.32
6 0.68 0.77 0.87 0.93 0.85 0.96 1.11 1.19 0.94 1.10 1.26 1.33
9 0.55 0.65 0.78 0.90 0.76 0.88 1.02 1.14 0.88 1.01 1.16 1.27
Uday/Unight = 3.0
0 0.86 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.98 1.05 1.05 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.10
3 0.76 0.81 0.88 0.94 0.87 0.96 1.06 1.12 0.94 1.04 1.18 1.28
6 0.61 0.68 0.81 0.88 0.77 0.88 1.02 1.10 0.86 1.01 1.15 1.22
9 0.46 0.56 0.72 0.82 0.67 0.79 0.88 1.05 0.78 0.92 1.06 1.18
Uday/Unight = 2.0
0 0.86 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.98 1.05 1.05 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.10
3 0.69 0.76 0.85 0.92 0.83 0.91 0.99 1.05 0.89 0.98 1.10 1.14
6 0.53 0.61 0.74 0.84 0.70 0.80 0.94 1.02 0.79 0.92 1.05 1.12
9 0.37 0.48 0.65 0.76 0.59 0.70 0.84 0.95 0.71 0.81 0.96 1.06
Uday/Unight = 1.0
0 0.86 0.90 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.98 1.05 1.05 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.10
3 0.64 0.71 0.82 0.89 0.78 0.86 0.94 0.99 0.85 0.92 1.01 1.05
6 0.43 0.53 0.68 0.79 0.62 0.70 0.84 0.93 0.75 0.82 0.95 1.00
9 0.27 0.41 0.59 0.70 0.50 0.60 0.75 0.87 0.65 0.72 0.87 0.96