WHAT IS ISLAM?

 15 % (fewer than 200 million) – Shi’as

ISLAM
- is the oldest monotheistic religion in the
Philippines.
Muslim Countries where Sunnis are dominant as
- it came from the word “SALAM” which of 2019:
means “peace”.
 Egypt (99.90%), Turkey (99.90%), Tunisia
- it literally means “absolute (99.90%), Sudan (99.90%), Morocco
surrender/submission to the will of Allah”. (99.90%), Maldives (99.90%), Libya
(99.90%), Jordan (99.90%), Algeria
- it is a way of life.
(99.90%), Uzbekistan (99.00%), Somalia
- followers of Islam are called MUSLIMS. (99.00%), Comoros (99.00%), Tajikistan
(99.00%), Pakistan (87.50%), Afghanistan
(87.50%), Saudi Arabia (85.00%), Syria
ALLAH (S.W.T) (80.00%), Yemen (65.00%), and Lebanon
(52.00%)
- the one and only God in Islam.
Muslim Countries where Shi’as are dominant as
- all-powerful and all-knowing ruler of the of 2019:
universe.
 Iraq (67.50%), Iran (92.50%)
MUHAMMAD (S.A.W)
- greatest of all prophets.
Key Differences between Sunni and Shi’a
- the last messenger of Allah (S.W.T)
 There are more Sunnis than Shiites.
QUR’AN  They disagree on who should have
- Islamic sacred book containing the words of succeeded Muhammad.
Allah that guides the humanity to the path of  Their after-life philosophies differ.
righteousness.  Shiites pray differently than Sunnis.
 Shiites believe Imams are divinely guided.
 Sunnis disagree with self-flagellation.
DIVISION OF MUSLIMS:  Shi’as are allowed to worship at graves.

1. SUNNI
- derived from the word “Ahl al-Sunnah”, or HALAL VS. HARAM
“People of the Tradition”. The tradition in this case HALAL
refers to practices based on what Prophet
Muhammad said, did, agreed to or condemned. - that which Allah and the Prophet
Muhammad have allowed to be done in a
2. SHI’A / SHIITES lawful manner.
- claimed that Ali was the rightful successor to the - permissible / lawful
Prophet Muhammad as leaded (imam) of the
Muslim community following his death in 632 AD. Animals that are fit for Muslim consumption:
 all domestic birds, cattle, sheep, goat, camel,
all types of buck, seafood
 85 % (1.6 billion) – Sunnis
HARAM
 - that which Allah and the Prophet
Muhammad have completely and
specifically forbidden.
- impermissible / unlawful
Haram Animals:
 meat of an animal that was not blessed with
the name of Allah at the time of slaughter
 animals killed in a manner which prevents
their blood from being fully drained from
their bodies
 meat of swine (pig) including all its by-
products
 meat of dead animals (carrion)
 meat of animals that were strangled to death
 meat of animals that were beaten to death
 meat of animals that were devoured by wild
beasts
 carnivorous animals with fangs (eg. lions,
dogs, etc…)
 reptiles, snakes, crocodiles
 pests (rats and scorpions)
 insects excluding locusts
Some examples of Haram deeds:
 committing murder (Qur’an, 25:68)
 performing sorcery (Qur’an, 2:102)
 devouring the wealth of orphans (Qur’an,
4:10)
 drinking alcoholic beverages (Qur’an, 5:90)
 consuming forbidden wealth (Qur’an, 2:188)
 committing suicide (Qur’an, 4:29)
 being a perpetual liar (Qur’an, 3:61)
5 PILLARS OF ISLAM
1. As-shahada (Declaration of Faith)
- declaring belief in the oneness of Allah
(tawhid) and the acceptance of Muhammad as
Allah’s prophet.
- “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad
is the messenger of God” (should be recited 3 times
with conviction and pure intention)
- most important pillar of Islam
Imam – an Islamic religious scholar who conduct
religious services inside and outside the masjid.
2. As-salah (Prayer)
- performing Islamic prayer in proper way
five times a day.
5 obligatory prayer:
 Salat ul Faj’r – The Dawn Prayer
 Salat ul Zuhur – The Noon Prayer
 Salat ul As’r – The Afternoon Prayer
 Salat ul Maghrib – The Sunset Prayer
 Salat ul Isha – The Evening Prayer
Before performing Salah, ablution (Wudhu) must be
performed first.
Wudhu – it is a washing ritual to ensure pure
intention, to cleanse oneself for prayer.
What nullifies Wudhu:
 Natural discharge
 Falling asleep
 Falling unconscious
 Bleeding from a wound
Tayammum ( Dry ablution) – use of sand if water
in unavailable
3. Az-zakat (Alms Giving)
- it means charity
- alms-giving to the poor and needy.
- obligatory upon all earning Muslims.
- Muslims must give 2.5% of their wealth to
the charity
4. As-sawm (Fasting)
- fasting during the month of Ramadhan.
 Ramadhan – it was at this time, during the
ninth month of the Islamic calendar, that
 muslims believe God revealed the first
verses of Qur’an.
 Fasting – practice of abstaining from food,
drink, smoking and sexual activity.
 Suhoor – morning meal, before
sunrise
 Iftar – evening meal, sunset
5. Al-hajj (Pilgrimage) – “to intend a journey”
- pilgrimage to the Holy land of Mecca
- it is required or obligatory atleast once in a
lifetime for those who are physically and financially
able to perform it.
- can be perfomed during the month of Hajj.
Umrah – “to visit a populated place”
– minor pilgrimage to the Holy Land of
Mecca
- not obligatory
- can be performed any time of the year
 Ka’aba – shrine in the center of the Great
Mosque in Mecca and is the goal of Islamic
pilgrimage and the point toward which
Muslims face upon praying.
3 types of Hajj
 Hajj Ifrad – means isolated Hajj and this
means that a person just performs Hajj but
does not perform Umrah. Person who
performs this is called Mufrid.
 Hajj Qiran – The person who performs this
Hajj should wear Ihram with the intention of
Umrah and Hajj, and both have to be
performed in the same Ihram.
 Hajj Tamattu – when you perform Hajj
together with Umrah it becomes Hajj
Tamattu. Umrah has to be done before Hajj
days, Hajj Tamattu have to be perfomed
with different Ihrams.
2 types of Umrah
 Umrah Mufradah – umrah that is
performed independently to Hajj and can be
carried out at any point during the year,
 Umrah Tamattu – performed alongside the
Hajj. More precisely, the rituals of the
Umrah are performed first, and then the Hajj
rituals are performed.
Ihram – clothing worn by men and women when
performing Hajj and Umrah.
Differences between Hajj and Umrah
 Hajj is mandatory while Umrah is
recommended not obligatory.
 Hajj must be performed in the prescribed
time/period while Umrah can be done any
time of the year.
IMAN (Faith) – to believe with one’s heart, to
confess with one’s tongue, and to demonstrate in
one’s physical action.
6 PILLARS OF IMAN
 Belief in Allah as the one and only God.
 Belief in His Angels
 Belief in His Books
 Belief in His Prophets
 Belief in the Day of Judgment
 Belief in Al-Qad’r (Pre-Ordainment)
BASIC TEACHIINGS IN ISLAM
 Being just and harmonious with others
 Religious tolerance
 Not eating pork
 Polygamy
 Wearing the veil (kumbong)
 Truthfulness
 Terrorism, unjustified violence, and killing
or threatening non-combatant civilians are
all absolutely forbidden in Islam.
 Women are not oppressed in Islam
  Stealing is a NO!  From Mindanao and Sulu, Islam spread to
other parts of the Philippines including
 Good relationship with neighbors
Palawan.
 Beware of envy
INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD OF ISLAM
IN MINSUPALA
 Missionary Theory
- suggested that Islam arrived in islands of
MINSUPALA through Muslim Missionaries.
 Trade Theory
- suggested that it was the Muslim Traders,
not the missionaries, who introduced Islam in the
islands.

SULU
• There is no definite answer to the question
of who introduced Islam in Sulu. But, if one
is to believe the written genealogies of Sulu
(Tarsila), then it is certain that Tuan
Mahsai’ka who brought Islam in Sulu.
 Karim ul Makhdum – a missionary who
introduced Islam in the province of Sulu.
 Sayyid Abu Bakr – the first sultan of Sulu
who shaped Sulu institutions along Islamic
lines. He introduced the study of Qur’an and
convert the hill people of Jolo to Islam.
MINDANAO
 Sharief Kabunsuan – the one who
introduced Islam on mainland Mindanao. He
was the first to consolidate political power in
the Maguindanao, Iranun, and Meranaw
territories and used that power to associate
the introduction of Islam.
 From Maguindanaon and Iranaun territories,
Islam spread to other parts of Mindanao:
Zamboanga Peninsula, Sarangani, and the
Gulf of Davao.
PALAWAN