12.
Welders wear special goggles og face
PREVIOUS YEARS
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
TOPIC 1
1 Mark Questions
1. Which part of the electromagnetic
spectrum is used in radar? Give its
frequency range. Al India 2019
2. How are electromagnetic waves
produced by accelerating charges?
AlIndia 2019
3. Name the electromagnetic radiations
used for (a) water purification, and (b)
eye surgery.2010
4. Do electromagnetic waves carry energy
and momentum? All
India2017
5. How is the speed of electromagnetic
waves in vacuum determined by the
electric and magnetic fields? pelhl 2017
6. In which directions do the electric and
magnetic field vectors oecillate in an
electromagnetic wave propagating along
the X-axis? All Indlo 2017
7. Why are microwaves considered suitable
for radar systems used in aircraft
navigation? pelhl 2016
8. The charging current for a capacitor is
0.26 A. What is the displacement
Current across its plates? Forelgn2015
To which part ofthe electromagnetic
spectrum does a wave of frequency
5x 10°Hz belong? AM India 2014
10. To which part of the electromagnetic
spectrum does a wave of frequency
3x 10 Hz belong? All Indla 20144
Arrange the following electromagnetie
Waves in order of increasing frequency
and
ays, microwaves, infrared rays
ultraviolet rays. Forelgn2014
masks
with glass windows to protect thejr eyes from
electromagnetic radiation. Name the
radiations and write the range of their
frequency. AllIndia2013
13. A capacitor has been charged by a DC source.
What are the magnitude of conduction and
displacement current, when it is fully
charged? Delhl 2013
14. What are the directions of electric and
magnetic field vectors relative to each other
and relative to the direction of propagation of
electromagnetic waves? All India 2012
15. Name the electromagnetic waves which
(i) maintain the earth's warmth and
(i) are used in aircraft navigation.
Foreign2012
16. A plane electromagnetic wave travels in
vacuum along 2-direction. What can you say
about the direction of electric and magnetic
field vectors? Delhi 2011
17. How radio
are waves produced? AlI Indla 2011
18. Write two uses of microwaves.
Foralgn 2011
19. Write two uses of infrared rays.
Forelgn 2011
20. Write two uses of X-rays.
Forelgn 2011
21. What is the frequency of
aves produced
electromagnetic
by oscillating charge of
frequency v 10 Hz? pelhi 2011c
=
22. How are infrared waves produced? What is
the range of their wavelength? Delhi
2010C
23. Which of the following has the shortest
wavelength?
Microwaves, ultraviolet rays, X-rays.
All India 2010
24. Name the part of electromagnetic spectrum
whose wavelength lies in the range of 10-10
m. Give its one use.
AJl india2010
25. Arrange the following in descending order of
wavelength.
X-rays, radio waves, blue light, infrared
light. AllIndia 2010
 236
Chapterwise CBSE SOlved Papers: PHYS.
26. Which part of electromagnetic spectrum
PHYSIER
has
37. (a) Give one use of
largest penetrating power? Delhi 2010 electromagnetie
radiations obtained in
27. Which part of electromagnetic
spectrum is disintegrations. nuclear
absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer? (b) Give
Delhi 201D example
one
situation whereeach
to
the
there illustrat
is ate
28. Which part of electromagnetic
spectrum is displacement current but no ()
used in RADAR systems? Delhi 2010 conduction current and (ii)
conduction current but only
29. Name the electromagnetic radiation used no
to destroy cancer cells and write its
displacement current. All India 2019
38. Identify the electromagnetic waves who
frequency
range. Foreign 2010
30. Which part of the
wavelengths vary as
electromagnetic
spectrum is used in satellite
i) 10" m<\<10 m
communication? Foreign2010 (ii) 10 m<^<10 m
Write one use for each. All India
31. In what way, are the directions of the 2017
electric and magnetic field vectors 39. ) How does oscillating charge produe
representing an electromagnetic wave electromagnetic waves?
related to each other? Delhi 2010C (il) Sketch a schematic diagram depicting
oscillating electric and magnetic fielis
32. Express the velocity of propagation of an of an EM wave propagating along
electromagnetic waves in terms of the positive Z-direction. Foreign 2014
peak value of the electric and magnetic
40. ) How are electromagnetic waves
fields. All India 2010C
produced?
(i) How do you convince yourself that
2 Marks Questions electromagnetic waves carry energy
and momentum?'Delhi 2013C
33. How is the equation for Ampere's circuital
law modified in the presence of 1. ) Arrange the following electromagnetr
waves in the descending order of ther
displacement current? Explain.
AllIndia2019 wavelengths.
(a) Microwaves
34. How are electromagnetie waves produced
b) Infrared rays
by oscillating charges? What is the source (c) Ultraviolet radiation
of the energy associated with the EM
waves? AllIndia 2019 (d) y-rays
Write one each of any two of
11) use
35. A capacitor made of two parallel plates, them. Delhi20130
each of area A and separation d is charged 42. ) An electromagnetic wave is trave
by an external DC source. Show that in a medium, with a velocity v= D
during charging, the displacement current
inside the capacitor is the same as the Draw sketch showing the
a
propagation of the electromagnet
eurrent charging the capacitor. direction of
All India 2019 wave, indicating the
36. (a) Why oscillating electric and magnetc
are infrared waves often called
heat waves? Explain. fields
b) What do you (i) How are the magnitudes of tned
understand by the fields rela
electric and magnetic
w a v e

statement, "electromagnetic waves velocity of the electromagnetie

transport momentum"? 2018
Delhi 2013
 APTER 8: Electromagnetic Waves 237

capacitor of capacitance C is
being
43. A
Acapacitoonnecting
charged by it across a DC
source along with an ammeter. Will the
3 Marks Questions
meter show a omentary deflection 52. (a) Identify the part of the
duringthe process of charging? 1f so, how electromagnetic 8pectrum used in ()
vould you explain this momentary
Wou

deflection and the esulting radar and (i) eye surgery. Write
current in the circuit? Write the
continuity of their frequency range.
(b) Prove that the average energy
expression for the current inside the
density of the oscillating electric field
capacitor. All India 2012 is equal to that of the oscillating
AAWhen an ideal capacitor is charged bv a magnetic field. Delhi 2019
DC battery, no current flows. However, 53. How are electromagnetic waves produced
when an AC source is used, the current by oscillating charges?
flows continuously. How does one explain
Draw a sketch of linearly polarised
this, based on the concept of displacement
current? Delhi2012 electromagnetic waves propagating in the
2-direction. Indicate the directions of the
5, Explain briefly how electromagnetic waves oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
are produced by an
oscillating charge? How Delhl 2016
is the frequency of the electromagnetic 54. ) Identify the part of the
waves produced related to that of the electromagnetic spectrum which is
oscillating charge? Foreign 2012 (a) suitable for radar system used in
46. Name the constituent radiation of electro- aircraft navigation,
magnetic spectrum which is used for b) produced by bombarding a metal
target by high speed electrons.
) aircraft navigation
(i) Why does galvanometer showa
i) studying the crystal structure momentary deflection at time of
Write the frequency range for each. charging and discharging a capacitor?
Delhi 2011C Write the necessary expression to
47. Draw a sketch of a plane electromagnetic explain this observation. ande201
wave propagating along the Z-direction. 55. ) Which segment of electromagnetic
Depict clearly the directions of electric waves has highest frequency? How
and magnetic fields varying sinusoidally are these waves produced? Give one
use of these waves.
with 2. AlI India 2011 (i) Which EM waves lie near the high
3. Arrange the following electromagnetic frequency end of visible part of EM
radiations in ascending order of their spectrum? Give its one use. ln what
frequencies. way, this component of light has
waves harmful etlecta on humans? Ferelgn 201
() Microwaves (ii) Radio
Gi) X-rays (iv) y-rays 56. Name the parts of the electromagnetic
spectrum which ia
Wnte two uses of any one of these.pelh 2010 in
Write their two i) suitable for RADAR aystems
How are X-rays produced? aircraft navigations.
muscular strain.
mportant uses. Foreign 2010; Delhi2010 ii) used to treat tool in medieine.
50. How are infrared rays produced? Write (ii) used as a diagnostic
waves can be
their two important uses Indlo 20100 Write in brief, how these
Forelgn 2010; Al produced. AllIndle2018
Write
51. How microwaves
produced?

are Forelgn2010
their two important uses.
 238
Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers PHYSIn
PHYSICS
57. Answer the following questions.
61. State clearly how a
) Name the waves which are to heat up a food microwave oven
item worka
produced during radioactive decay molecules. containing water
of a nucleus. Write their frequency
range. Why are microwaves found
useful
i) Welders wear special glass goggles systems in aircraft navigation?for the
raw

while working. Why? Explain. Foreign 2011

62. ) Describe
i ) Why are infrared waves often called briefly how
as heat waves? Give their one waves are produced byelectromagnetic
oscillating
application. Delhi2014 charges?
58. Answer the following questions: (ii) Give one use of each of the
(a) Microwaves
following
) Name the EM waves which are
suitable for RADAR systems used (b) Ultraviolet rays
in aircraft navigation. Write the (c) Infrared rays
range of frequency of these waves. (d) y-rays All India 2011C
(i) If the earth did not have
atmosphere, would its average
surface temperature be higher or
lower than what it is now?
Explain.
Explanations
1. Microwaves are used in radar systems of aircraft
(ii) An EM wave exerts pressure on the
navigation. Its frequency range is 1 GHz to 300 GHz.
surface on which it is incident.
(
Justify. Delhi 2014 2. An oscillating charge is an example of accelerating
59. charge. It produces an oscillating electric field,
Answer the following questions: which produces an oscillating magnetic field, which
(i) Name the EM waves which are in turn produces an
used for the treatment of certain
oscillating electric field and so
on. The
oscillating electric and magnetic fields
forms of cancer. Write their regenerate each other as a wave which
propagates
frequency range. through space.
(i) Thin ozone layer on top of 3. (a) Ultraviolet radiation
(1/2)
stratosphere is crucial for humana (b) Infrared radiation (1/2)
survival. Why? 4. Yes, electromagnetic waves
carry energy and
(ii) Why is the amount of the momentum. Its momentum,p =
h/a and energy
momentum transferred by the EM
waves incident on the surface so
density=e,E
small? Delhi 2014 5. To détermine speed of light in vacuum, we use tne
60. Answer the formula, c =
Eo/Bo
following questions: where, Eo and B, are maximum electric field
) Show, by giving a simple example,
how EM waves carry and magnetic field component respectively of
energy and electromagnetic waves.
momentum.
(i) How are microwaves 6. Blectric field vector E and magnetic field vectoD
Why is it necessary inproduced?
microwaves
are always is perpendicular to each other and to
direction of propagation of light. Also, direction or.
ovens to select the
frequency of propagation is parallel to ExB.
microwaves to match the resonant
frequency of water molecules? As, the wave is propagating along î or X-axis
(ii) Write two importar.t 1ses of Hence, E is along j or +Y-axis and B is along
infrared waves. Delhi
2014C +Z-axis.
 CHAPT
8: lectromagnetic Waves 239
7. On ccount of
smaller
microwaves, wavelengths of
they can be
signals
in a transmitted as 18. Uses of Microwaves
hend aroundparticular direction. They alsobeam
the corners of do (i) In RADAR Communication.
in their way. Thys, the not
it is obstacles coming (ii) In analysis of molecular and atomic structure
radar systems used in
considered suitable for or in microwave oven for cooking food.
aircraft
The displacement current is
navigation system1 (1/2x2
the charging equal
current is 0.25to 0.25 A, as 19. Uses of Infrared Rays
A.
9. A of (i) In knowing the molecular structure and
wave
frequency 5x10" Hz
(1)
of electromagnetic spectrum. belong to y-Tays therapy to heal muscular pain.
(ii) In remote control of TV, VCR, etc. (1/2 x 2= D
10. The waves of frequency of 3 x (1 20. Uses of
10*° Hz X-rays
the infrared waves. belongs to (i) In medical diagnosis as they can pass through
11,
Electromagnetic waves
arranged in
(1) the muscles but not through the bones.
order of frequency is as folows increasing (ii) In detecting faults, cracks, etc. in metal
< Infrared rays < Ultraviolet Microwaves :
products.
rays< y-rays. (1)
12. Welders wear special (1/2x2=1)
goggles
glass windows to protect their face mask with
or 21. The frequency of electromagnetic waves produced
ultraviolet eyes from by osciHating charge is equal to the frequency of
rays (UV rays). The range of UV rays is the oscillating charge only ie., vwa = 10° Hz.
10Hz to 10 "Hz. (1)
(1) 22. Hot
13. Electric flux through plates of
objects and vibration atoms and molecules
of
capacitor, op q/e = are the sources of infrared waves.

Displacement current, Ip =
eo Range of infrared wavelength is 7x107'm to
10 m.
(1
23.
e dt
=0 X-ray has shortest wavelength.
24. The wavelength range of10 lies in X-rays.
The capacitor has been fully charged, thus the These are used as a
diagnostic tool in medicine
charge would be constant. like in surgeries to detect the
fracture, diseased
organs, stones in the body etc.
Conduction current, I =
C* =0, as voltage 25. Radio wave> Infrared> Blue light >
X-ray is
becomes constant. the descending order of wavelength. (1
So, I =
Ip for
charged capacitor.
=0 a (1) 26. y-rays have highest frequency range and hence
14. Direction of electric field E, direction of magnetic highest penetrating power. (1
field B and direction of propagation of wave are 27. Ultraviolet ray of electromagnetic
spectrum is
mutually perpendicular to one another. () absorbed from sunlight by ozone layer.
5. (i) Infrared rays maintain the earth's warmth. 28. Microwaves are used in RADAR
system. (1
(i) Microwaves are used in aircraft navigation due 29. y-rays and frequency range is 10 to 102 Hz.
their short wavelength.
to (1)
30. Short radio waves of > QN m or v< 3x10° Hz are
16. A directions of electric field, magnetic field and
used in satellite communication. (1)
to
POpagation of wave are mutually perpendicular
electric and
31. The direction of propagation of electromagnetic
One another. Thus, the direction ofand Y- directions waves is along the direction of Ex B, where EandB
nagnetic field vectors are along X are electric and magnetic fields. (1)
vacuum in
ESpectively, as the wave travels in ( 32. Velocity of propagation of EM wave in terms of
Z-directions. peak values of electric field |E,|and magnetic
7. Radio waves are the electromagnetic waves of
field B,lvectors is given as c= |E/|B (1)
500 kHz to about
uency ranging from 33. Ampere's circuital law was modified to
000 MHz. These waves are produced Dy
inductor and
cllating electric circuits having (1) B-dl=Ho U + )
capacitor.
240 Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers PHYSis
where, I, = conduction current
U to
and = displacement current. completely absorbing surface in time
a

then total linear momentum

surface is given as
delivered tar
to that
fBd- + dt
(1)
p-
In order to overcome the inconsistency of this law. C
Maxwell introduced a term, i.e., displacement where, is the of
c speed electromagnetic Wave
current to make it logically consistent. wave.
Displacement current is that current which comes 37. (a)
into play in the region in which the electric field Electromagnetic radiations obtained in nucle
disintegrations are used to study the structie
and electric flux is changing with time. (1) ture
of atomic nucles.
34. Refer to Sol. 2 on page 238. (1 (b) (i) Current in between capacitor s plates, is
Electric and magnetic field are the source of only displacement current but no
energy associated with EM waves. conduction.
()
35. Let the alternating emf charging the plates of (ii) Current flowing through a metallic wirei
capacitor be V=V% sin or conduction current, but no displacement
current.
Charge on the capacitor,
38. (i) 102m-10 m = .01 -- X-ray.
CV= CVo sin ot [from Eq.(i)]
and instantaneous current, It is used in crystallography.
(ii) 10m-10 m= 0.l cm-10 cm-Microwaves.
d CV,sinon It is used in microwave oven for cooking
OCV, cos@t=l, coso (1 purpose.
where, 1o= 0CV 39. (i) The oscillating charge produces an oscillating
Displacement current, electric field and an oscillating electric field

I4todtdo
produces magnetic field which is then
produces an oscillating emf. An oscillating
voltage (emf) produces an oscillating magnetc
field and so on. This in turn produces an
ar
oscillating electric fields and so on. This
= Csino! oscillating electric and magnetic fields
dteA regenerate each other as the wave propagates
through space. In this way, the oscillating
CV
dt
sino charges produce an electromagnetic waves.
oCV, cosot The propagation ofelectromagnetic wave is shourti
(i figure below.
= 1, cos@
X,
Thus, the displacement current inside the capacitor
is the same as the current charging the capacitor
(1)
36. (a) Infrared waves have frequencies lower than
those of visible light, vibrate not only the Z
electrons, but also the entire atoms or
molecules in the structure of the substance B E E

they encountered. Direction of propagation

This vibration increases the internal energy A plane electromagnetic wave travelling along 4-uxi?
and hence the
temperature of the structure,
which is why infrared waves are often called 40. (1) Refer to Sol. 39 (i) on page 240.
heat waves. (ii)
(1) According to the quantum theory,
(b) Electromagnetic wave transports linear electromagnetic radiation is made up of
momentum as it travels through space. If an massless particles called photons. Momen
ntum

electromagnetic wave transfer a total energy ofthe photon is expressed as p =E/c

 PTER :Electromagnetic Waves
241
where, p =mor nentum, E =

and c speed of light. energY

44. An ideal capacitor effers infinite resistance for
Thus, I am convinced that an DC source. Thus, no current flows.
waves carry energy and electromagnetic
momentum. On the other hand, when AC source is
(1)
41. (i) The decreasing order of
wavelengths of connected to a capacitor, a conduction current
electromagnetic waves is continuously flows through the connecting wire
to charge the
Microwaves >
Infrared> Ultraviolet capacitor. Due to this changin8
> current, accumulation of the charges at the two
y-rays
ii) Microwaves They are used in RADAR devices. (1) plates changes. Due to this, a varying electric
of increasing nature is produced between
y-rays It is
used in radio field
therapy. the plates. This in turn produces a displacement
current in between the plates. To maintain this
42 Key ldea We are taking direction of electric continuity, this conduction current will be equal
(and magnetic field (B) in sUch a field
to the displacement current flowing, i.e.
are follow the right handed way that these
system of axes. Conduction current = Displacement current
) Given that velocity, v= v i, this means electric and I =eo
(doe /dt) (2)
field Ewill be along Y-axis and 45. For production of electromagnetic waves
will be along Z-axis because themagnetic field B
two fields Refer to Sol. 39 (i) on page 240.
perpendicular to each other
and
are
perpendicular The frequency of the electromagnetic waves
to the direction of propagation of wave.
(1) naturaly equals the frequency of oscillation of
the charge. (1)
46. (i) Microwaves used for aircraft
Wave propagation are
navigation,
their frequency range is 10° Hz to 10'2 Hz
MEL -X (i) X-rays are used to study crystal structure,
their frequency range is 10° Hz to 10" Hz.
(1)

(
47. The direction of propagation of electromagnetic
wave is perpendicular to both electric field
A linearly polorised EM waves
vector E and magnetic field vector B, i.e. in the
(ü) Speed of electromagnetic wave can be given as direction of ExB. For figure refer to Sol. 39
(ii)
on page 240.
C Eg/B =E/B Here, electromagnetic wave is along the
where, E and B, = peak value ofE and B, E and
Z-direction which is given by the
B are instantaneous value of E and B (1) of Eand B.
cross
product
(2)
43. The ammeter will show the momentary deflection 48. Ascending order of the frequencies of
during charging only, after that the current in the electromagnetic waves is
circuit becomes zero. (1/2)
Radio waves < Microwaves X-rays <Y-rays. (1)
This momentary deflection occurs due to the fact Uses of X-rays. Refer to Sol. 20 on
that the conduction current flows through page 239. ()
49. X-rays can be produced by colliding fast
connecting wires during the charging of capacitor. moving
and electron beam on metal target. (1)
his leads to gathering of charge at two plates
hence varying electric field of increasing nature is For Uses Refer to Sol. 20 on page 239. (1)
turn produces 50. Infrared waves are produced by hot objects and
produced between the plates which in two vibration of atoms and molecules.
plates. (1
asplacement current in space between conductionn
nus, maintains the continuity with the For Uses Refer to Sol. 19 on page 239.
(1 (1
current. 51. Microwaves are produced by oscillating current
inside the capacitor Ic =lp in vacuum tubes like klystrons, magnetrons. (n
Thecurrent
where, I , i s d i s p l a c e m e n t c u r r e n t , I p o
doE
dt (v2
For Uses Refer to Sol. 18 on page 239. (1)
 Chapterwise tBSE SOvea POpers :
PHYSI
$2. (a) (i) Microwave 1 GHz to 300 GHz.
capacitor is fully charged, the conduction
(il) Ultraviolet (by LASIK eye surgery) -10'* Hz current stops flowing. Also
to10 Hz. and discharging, there is
during chargine
(1
(b) The energy density (energy per unit volume) in current between the plates.
zero conduction
an electric field E in vacuum is But it was found that an electric field
e,E*U,) and inside the plates, therefore exist
B2 indicating
existence of magnetic field which
that in magnetic field Bis leads to
-(U,)
240 inconsistency in the Ampere's circuital law
To account this problem, the
Energy associated with an
electromagnetic concept of
wave is given by displacement current introduced by
was
Maxwell. He changed the Ampere's
U-e+ 2 circuitallaw, (p B.dl =Ho) to a modified
Po fom
which is given as,
Also, average energY density,
B.dl Ho + p.l
eE+B5 where, Ip is the displacement current.
44 55. (i) Gamma rays has the highest
(2)
Since, we know that, the energy in frequency in the
electromagnetic waves is divided, on an electromagnetic waves. These rays are of the
average, equally between electric and magnetic nuclear origin and are produced in the
fields. disintegration of radioactive atomic nuclei
and in the decay of certain subatomic
U, = Um
particles. They are used in the treatment of
cancer and tumours.
So
2P0 (2)
(ii) Ultraviolet rays lie near the high-frequency
53. For production of end of visible part of EM
electromagnetic waves, refer to spectrum. These rays
are used to
Sol. 39 (i) on page 240. An preserve food stuff. The harmful
oscillatingL-C circuit effect from exposure to ultraviolet (UV)
can produce
electromagnetic waves of frequency as radiation can be life threatening, and include
charge oscillates across the capacitor's plates in this
circuit. The frequency of oscillation is given by premature aging of the skin, suppression of
the immune systems,
V=1/2t/LC damage to the eyes and
(1%) skin cancer. (T%1
This frequency is equal to the frequency of EM 56. (i) The EM waves suitable for RADAR system s
waves. microwaves.
The sketch of linearly polarised EM wave These rays are produced by
special vacuum
propagating in Z-direction is shown. tubes, namely klystrons, magnetrons and
For figure Refer to Sol. 39 (l) on page 240. Gunn diodes.
(ii) Infrared waves are used to treat muscular
In this diagram, we see that permanent curve
shows electric field Eand dotted curve shows strain. These rays are produced by hot bodies
and vibration of molecules and atoms.
magnetic field B. They change continuously.
Electromagnetic waves so produced have the
(ii) X-rays are useda diagnostic tool in medicine
These rays are produced when high
direction perpendicular to Eand B. (1%) energy
54. (i) (a) Microwaves are suitable for radar system electrons are stopped suddenly on a metal
surface of high atomic number.
used in aircraft navigation. (1) 57. (i) y-rays are produced during radioactive decy
(b) X-rays are produced by bonmbarding a metal
of a nucleus. Its frequency range is from
target by high speed electrons.
3x10 to 5x 102 Hz.
(i) During charging and discharging of capacitor, a
conduction current is produced due to the flow (ii) Refer to Sol. 12 on page 239.
of charges from battery to the plates, vice-versa (ii) Infrared rays are called heat waves becalus rale

via connecting wires. Due to this, galvanometer they cause the atoms and molecules to v
shows a momentary deflection. Now, when the when they encountera substance.
 CHAPTER8 :
lectromagnetic Waves
243
This increases the internal
and molecules.
Thereby, energy ofthe
increasing atoms
temperature of the
substance. transforned efficiently to increase the kinetic
They are used in
physical
weather forecasting. therapy and (1/2)
energy of the molecules. Thus, facilitating the
food to cook properly (1)
. il Refer to Sol. 56 (i) (1/2) (iii) Refer to Sol 19
law
on
page 242 61. In
on page 239. (1
Iusfrequency range is 10 H2 to microwave oven, the
frequency of the micowaves is
i) The temperature the 10? Hz seerted to match the resonant
of carth would (1) frequency
molecules. This leads to the vibrations
of water
because the be
greenhouse effect of the lower of these
atmosphere would be absent. molecules. As these vibrations increase with time, the
Om ii) An EM waves has temperature increases leading to production of heat
momentum, (1) and this is the heat
which is
cooking of food in the oven. responsible
i.e. for the
p Energy (E)/Velocity
When it is
incident upon a of light ( As, microwaves are short
(2)

pressure called radiation surface it exerts with wavelength radio waves,

pressure frequency of order of GHz. Due to short
59.(i) y-rays are used for the
on it.
(1) wavelength, they have high penetrating power
treatment
forms of cancer. Its of certain with respect to atmosphere and less diffraction in
3x10 Hz to 5x 102frequency
the
Hz. range is atmospheric layers. So, these waves are
suitable for the radar
systems used in aircraft
(ii) The thin ozone layer on (1) navigation.
top of (
absorbs most of the harmful stratosphere 62. (i) Por
electromagnetic waves
coming from the sun towardsultraviolet rays Refer to
Sol. 39 (i) on page 240.
include UVA, UVB and UVC the earth. They (ii) For uses of microwaves
(
which can destroy the life radiations, Refer to Sol. 18 and 19 on
and infrared rays
earth. system on the page 239.
Uses of ultraviolet
rays
Hence, this layer is crucial for human For checking the mineral
survival. samples through the
(1) property of ultraviolet rays causing
(i) An electromagnetic wave transports linear fluorescence.
momentum as it travels Use of -rays
through space. If an
electromagnetic wave transfers a total energy In the treatment of cancer
and tumours.
U to a totally (2)
absorbing surface in time t, then
total linear momentum delivered to the at
surface is

p- C
p= Objective Questions
This means, the momentum range of EM
waves is 10-1" to 10, Thus, the amount of
1 Mark 0uestions
momentum transferred by the EM waves 1. In electromagnetic wave, according to
incident on the surface is very smal. (1) Maxwell, changing electric field gives
. (i) Consider a plane perpendicular to the
(a) stationary magnetic field
b) conduction current
direction of propagation of the wave. An
set in (c) eddy current
electric charge, on the plane will be set in
sae electric and magnetic fields of (d) displacement current
2otion by
EM wave, incident on this plane. This is only 2. The electric and magnetie fields of an
pOssible if EM constitutes mamentum
wave electromagnetic wave are
and energy. Thus, this illustrates that EMM (a) in phase and parallel to each other
waves carry energy and momentum. (
(b) in opposite phase and perpendicular to
i) Microwaves are produced by special vacuum each other
and Gunn
Lube like the klystron, magnetron
microwaves 1s
(c) in opposite phase and parallel to each
diode. The frequency of other
frequency o
SClected to match the resonant 1s d) in phase and perpendieular to each other
waier molecules, so that-energy
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Chapterwise CBSE Solved Papers
PHYs
3. For a medium with permittivity e and
9. The
permeability u, the velocity of light is wavelength of
radio wave of
a

given by frequency of 1 MHz is

(a) / e (a) 400 mm (b) 300 m
(b) e (c) 350 m
(c)1/e (d) yej (d) 200 m
10. In the
4. The electric and the
magnetic fields, electromagnetic spectrum, the
visible spectrum lies between
associated with an electromagnetic wave,
propagating along the + y-axis, can be (a) radio waves and microwaves
represented by (b) infrared and ultraviolet rays
(a) [E Eo k, B B,i]
= = (c) microwaves and infrared spectrum
(b) [E = Eo J. B = B, i (d) X-ray and gamma ray spectrum
11. The part of the spectrum
()[E E Í, B=B, k]
= of the
electromagnetic radiation used to cook
(d)[E E i, B=B, i]
=
food is
5. A plane (a) ultraviolet rays
electromagnetic wave of (b) cosmic rays
frequency 20 MHz travels
through a (c) X-rays
along x-direction. If the electric field space (a) microwaves
vector at a certain point in
space is 6 12. Which of the following shows
Vm', then what is the magnetic field greenhouse
vector at that point? effect?
(a) 2x108T (a) Ultraviolet rays
x10T (b) Infrared rays
(c) 2 T (c) X-rays
(d) None of the above
6. The average magnetic energy density of an
electromagnetic wave of wavelength a
travelling in free space is given by
B
Explanations
(a) B 1. (d) According to Maxwell, time varying electric
6)
2 240 fieldproduce displacement current.
d) dt
2. (d) As, E=Eg sin (kx -
7. The magnetic field of plane
electromagnetic wave is given by B = B, sin (kx
-o)
B, 2x 10 sin (0.5 x 10 x+1.5x 10 t). Hence, electric field and
magnetic field are
same phase and perpendicular
This electromagnetic wave is to each other.
3.
(a) a visible light (cVelocity of light =1//4e, where u5
(b) an infrared wave permeability and eis permittivity of the medhua
4. (a) In
(c) a microwave electromagnetic waves, electric vector,
(d) a radio wave magnetic vector and velocity of wave are
perpendicular to one another.
8. Which of the following waves has the
maximum wavelength? Hence, As v=v%d
(a) X-rays (b) Infrared rays E Egk kxi=i
(c) Ultraviolet rays (d) Radio waves B Bi