PREFACE

Acrylonitrile is a common Chemical made by Ammoxidation of

Propylene in the presence of suitabe catayst.
This report is divided in different sections. First of all the
introduction of Acrylonitrile is given, which highlights the
importance of this chemical. Different manufacturing
processes for Acrylonitrile are also described in chapter 2.
Detailed description of “ Production of Acrylonitrile process”
is also presented in chapter 2. Afterwards material balance for
each equipment is presented.
In preceding chapters introduction to different equipments of
plant along with their designing procedure and specification
sheets are presented.
HAZOP study, Instrumentation & Control, Environmental
Impact Assessment and Cost Estimation for this plant are also
included in this report.
 Table of contents

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 History 1
Physical Properties 2
1.2 Chemical Properties 6
1.3 Uses 9
1.4 Acrylonitrile production 13
1.5 Economic Aspecrs 14
1.6 Analytical and Test Methods 16
1.7 Storage and Transport 17

CHAPTER-2
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
2.1 Early Processes 18
2.2 Process Description 22
2.2.1 Transformation Principle 22
2.2.2 Catalysts 23
2.2.3 Operating Conditions 24
2.3 Performance 25

2.4 Flow Sheet for process 26

CHAPTER-3
MATERIAL BALANCE
3.1 Material Balance 27
3.2 Energy Balance 38

CHAPTER-4
REACTOR DESIGN
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 Comparison of Fixed and Fluidized Bed Reactors 49
4.3 Selection of Reactor type 51
4.4 Construction and Operation of Reactor 52
4.5 Design Procedure 52
4.6 Catalyst in Fluidized Bed Reactor 56
4.7 Specification Sheet 57

CHAPTER-5
Absorber Design
5.1 Absorption 58
5.2 Types of Absorption 58
5.3 Types of Absorbers 59
5.4 Comparison b/w Packed and Plate Column 59
5.5 Packing 60
5.6 Designing Steps 61
5.3. Design Calculation 63

CHAPTER-6
DESIGN OF QUENCHER
6.1 Introduction 71
6.2 Designing Steps 72
CHAPTER-7
DESIGN OF Distillation Column
7.1 Distillation 80
7.2 Types of Distillation Column 81
7.3 Choice between Packed and Plate column 82
7.4 Main Components of Distillation Column 84
7.5 Factors affecting Distillation Column Operations 86
7.6 Designing Steps 89
7.7 Nomenclature 100
7.6 Specification Sheet 103

CHAPTER-8
PUMP SELECTION
8.1 FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF A PUMP 104
8.2 Pump Selection 105
8.3 Compressor Selection 106

CHAPTER-9
INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL
9.1 Temperature Measurement And Control 108
9.2 Pressure Measurement And Control 109
9.3 Flow Measurement And Control 109
9.4 Control Scheme of Distillation Column 109
9.4.1 General Considerations 110
9.4.2 Control Scheme 111
9.4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 111

CHAPTER-10
HAZOP STUDY
10.1 Introduction 113
10.2 HAZOP Method Flow Diagram 116
10.3 HAZOP Study Of Storage Tank For Acrylonitrile 118
CHAPTER -11
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
11.1 Health And Safety Factors 121
11.2 Acrylonitrile in Air 123
11.3 Acrylonitrile in Polymers 125
11.4 Toxicity 126
11.5 Treatment 127
11.6 Other Hazards 128

CHAPTER-12
COST ESTIMATION
12.1 Economics 129
12.2 Elements of Cost of Processing 130
12.3 Applications of Cost of Processing 133
12.4 Estimation of Processing Equipment Cost 133
12.5 ESTIMATION OF TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT 135

CHAPTER 13
REFERENCES